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2009-06-26 13:44:56
三、谈谈介词的否定意义
介词在英语中属于“小词”，事实上介词在英语中发挥的效力可不小。
介词在英语中起着”螺丝钉”的作用，它随处可见，且功能强大。其功能之一就是，它可以和介词宾语一起构成许多否定意义的成语或词组。
介词否定表达简捷明意义深刻，其译文多采用译。
1、Above
The text is above me.（无法理解）
She thinks she is above criticism. (不容批评)
The child is above all nervousness. (一点也不紧张)
His conduct has always been above suspicion. (无可怀疑)
I think a gentleman like him is above doing such a thing. (不屑于)
Don’t depend on me. It’s above my bend. (力不所及)
He is above the weather now. (无病的)
2、Against
Almost everything was against him. (不利于)
He’s always doing his best, against all odds. (不计成败)
3、At
The point is to win at any cost. (不惜一切代价)
At any rate, we’ve done something for you now. (不管怎样)
On the spot he was completely at sea. (不知所措)
4、Behind
The train is running behind time. (不准时)
Your ideas are all behind the times. (跟不上时代)
5、Between
The secret is between ourselves. (不得外传)
6、Before
Before long he realized that he was wrong. (不久)
I slipped out before the lecture began. (不等)
The guerrillas (游击队员) would fight to death before they surrendered. (决不)
7、Beneath
Lying is beneath him. (不合身分)
Such a fellow as that is beneath my notice. (不值一理)
8、Beside
What you said is quite beside the point. (不关正题)
9、Beyond
The news is beyond belief. (难以置信)
The stars are beyond number. (数不清)
The scene was beyond description. (无法形容)
Good advice is beyond price. (无价)
The facts are beyond dispute. (毋庸置疑)
My happiness was beyond words. (难以言表)
Doing such a thing is quite beyond my power. (无能为力)
与beyond 构成的短语还有：
beyond all doubt毫无疑问 beyond all praise赞美不完；
beyond comparison无与伦比 beyond control无法控制；
beyond count不计其数 beyond example没有先例；
beyond expression无法表达 beyond hope无望 beyond question无可争辩
10、But
He was anything but pleased when he heard this. (才不)
11、By
What he said took me completely by surprise. (无思想准备)
12、For
For all I care, you can throw it away. (我才不在乎哩)
But for your help I would not have finished the job. (要不是)
He passed the test for a certainty. (无疑)
13、From
The child can’t walk, far from running. (更不用谈)
So far from taking my advice, he went and did just what I warned him against. (不仅没有)
She kept herself from laughing. (使之不)
I knew he did it from his teeth. (毫无诚意)
14、In
I don’t know what John intends to do; I’m in the dark about his plans. (不知道)
The people lifted the big stone in a breeze. (毫不费力)
Nothing can stop us .We all decide to start our journey in all weathers. (风雨无阻）
类似的短语还有：
in the clear不受妨碍 in the cloud心不在焉
in the egg未成熟 in the log未经加工 in the rough未完成
15、In spite of
At the sight he laughed in spite of himself. (不由自主地)
The girl still wanted to marry the poor young man in spite of her parents’ teeth.
(不顾父母的反对)
16、Off
Keep off the grass. (不靠近)
I’m right off love stories for some reason. (不感兴趣)
He is off smoking now. (不再)
She was off duty yesterday. (不值班)
相似的词组还有：
off chance不会有机会 off color精神不好 off guard不警惕
off hand无准备 off one’s feet不能控制自己；
off sb’s hand不再由某人负责 off one’s mind不再挂念;
off time不合时宜 off work没上工 off time不合时宜。
17、On
I’m sorry. You’re down on your luck. (运气不佳)
I knew you were on the cross about it. (不老实)
18、Out of
Out of sight, out of mind. (眼不见，心不烦)
It is quite out of fashion. (不时髦)
The book is out of print. (不再印发)
The man is quite out of humor. (不幽默)
Rest was now out of the question. (不可能)
还有相同的搭配：
out of all reason无理 out of condition健康状况不好；
out of control失控 out of count不计其数 out of date不合时日；
out of line不成直线 out of luck运气不好 out of place不合时；
out of question毫无疑问 out of time不合时宜。
19、Past
The old man is past work. (无力工作)
Those trousers are past mending. (无法修补)
The situation is past hope. (没有希望)
His poetry is past comprehension. (难以理解)
It’s past question. (毫无疑问)
20、To
To a man John’s friends stood by him in his trouble. (毫不例外)
He carried out his orders to the letter. (不折不扣)
The old man had a good memory. He remembered the past things to a hair. (细毫不差)
To a miracle he recited these poems in a breath. (不可思议)
21、Under
I know very well you’re under thirty. (不满)
This packet of butter is under weight. (分量不足)
The boy can’t go to school because he is under age. (年龄不够)
22、With
I’m through with him. (不再来往)
He was through with the job, and he wanted to find something interesting. (不想干)
The whole project was completed with a wet finger. (毫不费力)
23、Without
It was all done without necessary permit. (未经)
You can’t do without money. (没有)
He often goes to school without his breakfast. (不吃)
I have helped him times without number. (无数)
without后还可引导这样一些短语：
without a doubt无疑 without a moment’s thought不加考虑
