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2008-10-15 21:07:42
13)、表概括(总结)关系的
(1)、all in all(总的说来)
All in all, it was a failure.总的说来,这事是失败的。
(2)、generally speaking(一般而言)
Generally speaking, I think you're right.一般而言,我认为你是对的。
(3)、in a nutshell(简而言之 )
I have a lot to say about his latest book, but to put it in a nutshell, it is a good work.
(4)、in a/one word(简言之,一言以蔽之)
In a word, he's useless.简言之,他毫无用处。
(5)、in all(总共)
We were fifty in all.我们总共五十人。
(6)、in brief(ph.简言之 )
In brief, mammals are warm-blooded, lung-breathing, hairy vertebrates.
简言之，哺乳动物是温血、肺呼吸和多毛的脊椎动物。
I treated the subject in brief outline.
我简单地概述了那个问题。
(7)、in conclusion(最后;总之)
In conclusion, I'd like to thank you for all you've done for me.
最后,我要感谢你们为我所做的一切。
(8)、in general(一般来说，大体上)
In general, I prefer a comedy to a tragedy.一般说来,我喜欢喜剧甚于悲剧。
(9)、in short(总之,简言之)
In short, I am interested in all of the sports. 简而言之, 我对一切运动都感兴趣。
In short, he is one of the most promising students I've ever known.
总之，他是我见过最有希望的学生之一。
(10)、in sum(简言之)
My meaning, in sum, is that you must stay.简单地说,我的意思就是你必须留下来。
(11)、in summary(总的说来,概括起来)
And so I would say, in summary, that the campaign has been a great success.
因此我认为, 总的看来, 这场运动成绩很大.
(12)、in other words(ph.换言之,换个说法是...)；
His wife is my daughter, in other words, I am his mother-in-law.
他妻子是我女儿, 换句话讲, 我是他的岳母。
In other words, you'll come instead. Right?
(13)、on the whole(总的看来;基本上)
On the whole, I like it.总的看来,我喜欢这个。
(14)、to sum up(ad. 总而言之<总之>)
To sum up, only when strict punishment can be imposed on the lawless, can social stability be maintained.
总之，唯有当严刑峻罚加之于违法之徒时，才能维持社会安定。
14)、表顺序关系的
(1)、above all(首先,尤其是,最重要的是)
He is strong, brave and, above all, honest.他强壮,勇敢,最重要的是他诚实。
(2)、and(conj.然后)
She went to the
她于一九六○年去了美国,此后就一直住在那里。
(3)、first of all(第一,首先)
He is a great soldier first of all.他首先是位伟大的军人。
(4)、first(ad.先,首先;第一)
I must finish my homework first.我必须首先做完家庭作业。
(5)、firstly(ad.第一,首先)
Firstly, let us deal with the most important issue.首先让我们来处理最紧要的问题。
(6)、in the first place(首先,首先)
In the first place, we should solve this problem.首先,我们应该解决这个问题。
(7)、in the preceding chapter在前一章中
He had been in Cuba the preceding summer.去年夏天他曾在古巴。
(8)、secondly(ad.第二,其次)
He was first of all an extremist secondly he was pretty dishonest.
首先他是一个极端主义者;其次他很不诚实。
(9)、then(ad.然后,接着)
They chatted for a while and then went to work.他们聊了一会儿,然后上班去了。
(10)、thirdly(ad.第三);
The main events were as follows: first, the president's speech, secondly the secretary's reply and thirdly, the chairman's summing-up.
主要活动如下: 第一项, 总裁讲话; 第二项, 秘书做解答; 第三项, 主席做总结.
英英解释:
补充：in the second place...( 其次, 第二点);；on the one hand...(一方面)，on the other hand...) 另一方面；last but not the least(最后的但并不是不重要的)
15)、表示举例关系的
(1)、a case in point is..(恰当的例子)
A case in point is Chen Qingkai, who improved world records on eight occasions.
陈清凯是一个具有说服力的例子，他八次改写了世界纪录。
A case in point would be my personal experience as a Muslim woman.
我本身的经历便是一个很好的例子。
(2)、as for(就……而论; 有关;至于)
as for 和 as to 都可用于句首，引出一个与前一个话题稍微有些不同的话题，但 as for 在语体上不如 as to 正式，并且着重话题的转换，也就是说，它所引导的是前面尚未提到过的新的事情，因此它不能用于文章的开头。另外,as for 有时表达轻蔑的语气。
We had a delightful weekend in the country, as for the traffic,we had no difficulty.
在乡下我们度过了一个愉快的周末,至于交通,我们没有遇到任何困难。
Much pasture land is under water, as for the grain,most of that has been ruined.
大部分的牧场都进了水,至于谷物,则大部分都被冲毁了。
You can have a bed,as for him,he'll have to sleep on the floor.
有一张床给你,至于他，就只能睡在地板上了。
As for you,I never want to see you here again.至于你,我永远也不愿在此见到你。
(3)、as regards(至于)
As regards the car, I didn't forget to put an advertisement in the paper.
至于那辆车,我没有忘记要在报上登则广告。
(4)、as to (就…而论,有关,至于)
as to 的功能类似于 with regard to,regarding,on the matter of,concerning等，常用于相当正式的语境中，尤其用于争论和做出决定时。可放于句首或与wh-疑问词引导的动词不定式和名词性从句连用(有时可省略)，而as for无此种用法。
As to the journey,we must decide about that later.
至于旅行，我们必须以后再作决定。
As to the flood,I have heard nothing.至于那次水灾，我没听到什么。
Nobody could decide ( as to) what to do.谁也不能决定该做些什么。
(5)、for example(例如)
Many great people rose from poor backgrounds,
很多伟人出身贫寒,林肯就是一例。
(6)、for instance(例如)
You can't depend on her,for instance, she arrived late yesterday.
她靠不住:举例说,昨天她就来迟了。
(7)、for one thing...(ph.首先,一则)
She's always going on at the children for one thing or another.
她总是为这样那样的事责备孩子们。
For one thing they keep the water clean. 一方面，他们可以保持水的清洁。
For one thing, I have no time; for another (thing), I have no money.
一则，我没有时间；二则，我没有钱。
(8)、including...(prep. 包含,包括)
They have many pets, including three cats. 他们有很多宠物, 猫就有三只.
He had several injuries, including three fractures. 他多处受伤，其中三处骨折。
(9)、namely(ad.即,那就是)
Only one person can answer the question namely you.
只有一个人能回答这个问题,那就是你。
(10)、such as（例如）
Many letters in the alphabet such as b,c,d,etc are consonants.
字母表中的许多字母像b,c,d,等等都是辅音字母。
In this paragraph there are many nouns, such as boy, girl, and book.
这一段里面有很多名词，例如男孩、女孩和书本。
(11)、take something as an example,拿某物(或某人)为例
To take sesame as an example, the import of 2006 reached 180 million US dollars, double the amount of the year before.
其中仅芝麻一项，2006年进口就达1.8亿美元，同比增长了近1倍。
Take Fred as an example, he think he is inferior to others and feel himself is a person with a big nose, two pig eyes and stupid brain.
比如说弗雷德吧，他就觉得自己不如别人。弗雷德感到自己长了一个大鼻子、两只猪眼睛，还暗自感觉脑子有点笨。
(12)、that is(那就是)
We'll meet you in a week, that is, on March.我们一星期后见,即三月一号那天见。
补充：thus(ad.例如)；by way of illustration(例证, 举例, 作为实例)
16)、强调关系(emphasis)
(1)、as a matter of fact(事实上)
As a matter of fact, I've never been there before.事实上我从未到过那儿。
(2)、certainly (ad.(用于回答)当然;可以;没问题)
"May I use your motorcycle?" "Certainly"."我可以借用你的摩托车吗?""行。"
(3)、definitely(ad..肯定地,当然)
He is definitely coming.他一定会来的。
(4)、especially(ad.特别,尤其,格外,主要)
I liked all the children, Tom especially.我喜欢所有的孩子,特别是汤姆。
We need to be especially careful.我们需要特别小心。
(5)、in effect(实际上<事实上,在实行中>)
Some ancient laws are still in effect. 有些古时的法律现在仍然有效。
We protect the interests of investors by the legislation in effect.
我们根据有效法律保护投资者的利益。
(6)、in fact(其实,事实上)
In fact, I think you're right.事实上，我认为你是对的。
Their much reviled system in fact works far better than many highly praised ones elsewhere. 他们那套遭到许多非难的设备操纵起来实际上要比别的地方许多备受赞扬的设备好得多。
(7)、in particular(特别地,尤其)
She stressed that point in particular.她特别强调了那一点.
(8)、in reality(实际上)
Everyone likes the stranger, but in reality he is a criminal.
每个人都喜欢这位陌生人,其实他却是个罪犯。
(9)、in truth(事实上<的确>)
It was in truth a miracle. 这确实是个奇迹.
He went to the library in truth last night, but you weren't there.
他昨晚真的去图书馆了, 但是你不在那。
(10)、indeed(ad.的确,真正地);
The future of this firm will be very bleak indeed if we keep losing money.
要是我们继续亏本的话，这家公司的前途会非常黯淡。
Indeed he has a solemn face, but he is very humorous at heart.
他的确有一副严肃的脸孔，但内心却是很富幽默感。
(11)、naturally(ad.当然)
Naturally you will want to discuss it with your wife.当然,你要与你妻子讨论这事。
(12)、not to mention(更不必说)
It's far too late for you to go out and play football, not to mention the fact that it's raining.你现在出去踢足球太晚了,何况又正在下雨。
(13)、obviously(ad.明显地,显然地)
One of the beds had obviously been slept in.其中一张床明显有人睡过。
Obviously I don't need to say how important this project is.
很显然,我用不着多讲这个工程是多么重要。
(14)、of course(当然)
Of course I remember him.我当然记得他。
(15)、particularly(ad.特别,尤其)
I am particularly fond of her.我特别喜欢她。
(16)、primarily(ad.首要地,主要地;根本上)
The issue was not primarily a political one.这问题根本不是政治问题。
(17)、surely(ad.[美][口]当然)
Are you going with us?" -- "Surely.""你和我们一起去吗?"--"当然啦!"
(18)、undeniably(ad.不可否认地;确凿无疑地)
Genetski believes that the unemployment numbers, to be released this week, won't shed much light on a potential slowdown, because” businesses won't start laying off workers until the evidence of reduced orders is undeniable."
格涅斯基相信，本周将发布的失业数字将不能说明[经济]是否可能疲软，因为“除非订单减少到不可否认的程度，商家不会开始解雇工人。”
(19)、undoubtedly(ad.无疑<毕定>)
That's undoubtedly wrong. 那的确是错了。
His teachers told him to pull his socks up, or he'd undoubtedly fail his exam.
老师要他加把劲儿, 不然考试准不及格.
(20)、without (a) doubt(无疑地)
Without doubt, she is the best nurse in the hospital.
她无疑是那家医院最优秀的护士。
补充：without reservation无保留地(无条件地,坦白地)；believe it or not(信不信由你)；
17)、引起名词从句的从属连词。
主要有that, whether, if 等，它们用于引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。其中that 不仅没不充当句子成分，而且没有词义，在句子中只起连接作用；而 if, whether 虽不充当句子成分，但有词义，即表示“是否”。
He replied that he was going by train.他回答说他将坐火车去。
I wonder if it’s large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我为是否伤了她的感情而担心。
It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。
Your greatest fault is that you are careless.你最大的缺点是粗心大意。
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.是否对我们有害还要看一看。
She didn’t say if he was still alive. 她没说他是否还活着。
区别if和whether的10点用法
A、引导主语从句并在句首时不用if。
Whether we go there is not decided.我们是否去那里还没决定。
B、引导表语从句时不用if。：
The question is whether we can get there on time.问题是我们能否按时到达那里。
C、引导同位语从句时不用if。
He asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.
他问我这个问题，那项工作是否值得做。
D、在介词后引导宾语从句不用if。
I’m thinking about whether we’ll have a meeting.我在考虑我们是否要开个会。
E、直接与not连用时不用if。
I don’t know whether or not you will go.我不知道你是否去。
F、宾语从句置于句首时不用if。
Whether you have met George before, I can’t remember.
我不记得你以前是否见过乔治。
G、在discuss等之后时不用if。
We’re discussing whether we’ll go on a picnic.我们在讨论是否要去野餐。
H、当用if会引起歧义时不用if。
Please let me know whether you are busy.
请告诉我你是否忙。(若用if，还可理解为“如果你很忙，你就告诉我.”)
I、在动词不定式前用whether不用if。
He doesn’t know whether to go or not.他不知道是否去。
J、宾语从句是否定式时不用whether。
She asked me if Tom didn’t come.她问我Tom是不是没有来。
附：中文中的连词
