转自:http://blog.csdn.net/droidphone/article/details/5972568
SurfaceFlinger在系统启动阶段作为系统服务被加载。应用程序中的每个窗口,对应本地代码中的Surface,而Surface又对应于SurfaceFlinger中的各个Layer,SurfaceFlinger的主要作用是为这些Layer申请内存,根据应用程序的请求管理这些Layer显示、隐藏、重画等操作,最终由SurfaceFlinger把所有的Layer组合到一起,显示到显示器上。当一个应用程序需要在一个Surface上进行画图操作时,首先要拿到这个Surface在内存中的起始地址,而这块内存是在SurfaceFlinger中分配的,因为SurfaceFlinger和应用程序并不是运行在同一个进程中,如何在应用客户端(Surface)和服务端(SurfaceFlinger - Layer)之间传递和同步显示缓冲区?这正是本文要讨论的内容。
Surface的创建过程
我们先看看Android如何创建一个Surface,下面的序列图展示了整个创建过程。
图一 Surface的创建过程
创建Surface的过程基本上分为两步:
1. 建立SurfaceSession
第一步通常只执行一次,目的是创建一个SurfaceComposerClient的实例,JAVA层通过JNI调用本地代码,本地代码创建一个SurfaceComposerClient的实例,SurfaceComposerClient通过ISurfaceComposer接口调用SurfaceFlinger的createConnection,SurfaceFlinger返回一个ISurfaceFlingerClient接口给SurfaceComposerClient,在createConnection的过程中,SurfaceFlinger创建了用于管理缓冲区切换的SharedClient,关于SharedClient我们下面再介绍,最后,本地层把SurfaceComposerClient的实例返回给JAVA层,完成SurfaceSession的建立。
2. 利用SurfaceSession创建Surface
JAVA层通过JNI调用本地代码Surface_Init(),本地代码首先取得第一步创建的SurfaceComposerClient实例,通过SurfaceComposerClient,调用ISurfaceFlingerClient接口的createSurface方法,进入SurfaceFlinger,SurfaceFlinger根据参数,创建不同类型的Layer,然后调用Layer的setBuffers()方法,为该Layer创建了两个缓冲区,然后返回该Layer的ISurface接口,SurfaceComposerClient使用这个ISurface接口创建一个SurfaceControl实例,并把这个SurfaceControl返回给JAVA层。
由此得到以下结果:
- JAVA层的Surface实际上对应于本地层的SurfaceControl对象,以后本地代码可以使用JAVA传入的SurfaceControl对象,通过SurfaceControl的getSurface方法,获得本地Surface对象;
- Android为每个Surface分配了两个图形缓冲区,以便实现Page-Flip的动作;
- 建立SurfaceSession时,SurfaceFlinger创建了用于管理两个图形缓冲区切换的SharedClient对象,SurfaceComposerClient可以通过ISurfaceFlingerClient接口的getControlBlock()方法获得这个SharedClient对象,查看SurfaceComposerClient的成员函数_init:
- void SurfaceComposerClient::_init(
- const sp& sm, const sp& conn)
- {
- ......
- mClient = conn;
- if (mClient == 0) {
- mStatus = NO_INIT;
- return;
- }
- mControlMemory = mClient->getControlBlock();
- mSignalServer = sm;
- mControl = static_cast(mControlMemory->getBase());
- }
- void
- SurfaceComposerClient::_init(
- const sp& sm, const
- sp& conn)
- {
- ......
- mClient = conn;
- if (mClient == 0) {
- mStatus = NO_INIT;
- return;
- }
- mControlMemory = mClient->getControlBlock();
- mSignalServer = sm;
- mControl = static_cast
- *>(mControlMemory->getBase());
- }
void
SurfaceComposerClient::_init(
const sp
& sm, const
sp& conn)
{
......
mClient = conn;
if (mClient == 0) {
mStatus = NO_INIT;
return;
}
mControlMemory = mClient->getControlBlock();
mSignalServer = sm;
mControl = static_cast(mControlMemory->getBase());
}
获得Surface对应的显示缓冲区
虽然在SurfaceFlinger在创建Layer时已经为每个Layer申请了两个缓冲区,但是此时在JAVA层并看不到这两个缓冲区,JAVA层要想在Surface上进行画图操作,必须要先把其中的一个缓冲区绑定到Canvas中,然后所有对该Canvas的画图操作最后都会画到该缓冲区内。下图展现了绑定缓冲区的过程:
图二 绑定缓冲区的过程
开始在Surface画图前,Surface.java会先调用lockCanvas()来得到要进行画图操作的Canvas,lockCanvas会进一步调用本地层的Surface_lockCanvas,本地代码利用JAVA层传入的SurfaceControl对象,通过getSurface() 取得本地层的Surface对象,接着调用该Surface对象的lock()方法,lock()返回了改Surface的信息,其中包括了可用缓冲区的首地址vaddr,该vaddr在Android的2D图形库Skia中,创建了一个bitmap,然后通过Skia库中Canvas的 API:Canvas.setBitmapDevice(bitmap),把该bitmap绑定到Canvas中,最后把这个Canvas返回给JAVA 层,这样JAVA层就可以在该Canvas上进行画图操作,而这些画图操作最终都会画在以vaddr为首地址的缓冲区中。
再看看在Surface的lock()方法中做了什么:
- dequeueBuffer(&backBuffer)获取backBuffer
- SharedBufferClient->dequeue()获得当前空闲缓冲区的编号
- 通过缓冲区编号获得真正的GraphicBuffer:backBuffer
-
如果还没有对Layer中的buffer进行映射(Mapper),getBufferLocked通过ISurface接口重新重新映射
- 获取frontBuffer
- 根据两个Buffer的更新区域,把frontBuffer的内容拷贝到backBuffer中,这样保证了两个Buffer中显示内容的同步
- backBuffer->lock() 获得backBuffer缓冲区的首地址vaddr
- 通过info参数返回vaddr
释放Surface对应的显示缓冲区
画图完成后,要想把Surface的内容显示到屏幕上,需要把Canvas中绑定的缓冲区释放,并且把该缓冲区从变成可投递(因为默认只有两个 buffer,所以实际上就是变成了frontBuffer),SurfaceFlinger的工作线程会在适当的刷新时刻,把系统中所有的 frontBuffer混合在一起,然后通过OpenGL刷新到屏幕上。下图展现了解除绑定缓冲区的过程:
图三 解除绑定缓冲区的过程
- JAVA层调用unlockCanvasAndPost
- 进入本地代码:Surface_unlockCanvasAndPost
- 本地代码利用JAVA层传入的SurfaceControl对象,通过getSurface()取得本地层的Surface对象
- 绑定一个空的bitmap到Canvas中
- 调用Surface的unlockAndPost方法
- 调用GraphicBuffer的unlock(),解锁缓冲区
- 在queueBuffer()调用了SharedBufferClient的queue(),把该缓冲区更新为可投递状态
SharedClient 和 SharedBufferStack
从前面的讨论可以看到,Canvas绑定缓冲区时,要通过SharedBufferClient的dequeue方法取得空闲的缓冲区,而解除绑定并提交缓冲区投递时,最后也要调用SharedBufferClient的queue方法通知SurfaceFlinger的工作线程。实际上,在 SurfaceFlinger里,每个Layer也会关联一个SharedBufferServer,SurfaceFlinger的工作线程通过 SharedBufferServer管理着Layer的缓冲区,在SurfaceComposerClient建立连接的阶段,SurfaceFlinger就已经为该连接创建了一个SharedClient 对象,SharedClient 对象中包含了一个SharedBufferStack数组,数组的大小是31,每当创建一个Surface,就会占用数组中的一个 SharedBufferStack,然后SurfaceComposerClient端的Surface会创建一个 SharedBufferClient和该SharedBufferStack关联,而SurfaceFlinger端的Layer也会创建 SharedBufferServer和SharedBufferStack关联,实际上每对 SharedBufferClient/SharedBufferServer是控制着同一个SharedBufferStack对象,通过 SharedBufferStack,保证了负责对Surface的画图操作的应用端和负责刷新屏幕的服务端(SurfaceFlinger)可以使用不同的缓冲区,并且让他们之间知道对方何时锁定/释放缓冲区。
SharedClient和SharedBufferStack的代码和头文件分别位于:
/frameworks/base/libs/surfaceflinger_client/SharedBufferStack.cpp
/frameworks/base/include/private/surfaceflinger/SharedBufferStack.h
图四 客户端和服务端缓冲区管理
继续研究SharedClient、SharedBufferStack、SharedBufferClient、 SharedBufferServer的诞生过程。
1. SharedClient
- 在createConnection阶段,SurfaceFlinger创建Client对象:
- sp SurfaceFlinger::createConnection()
- {
- Mutex::Autolock _l(mStateLock);
- uint32_t token = mTokens.acquire();
- sp client = new Client(token, this);
- if (client->ctrlblk == 0) {
- mTokens.release(token);
- return 0;
- }
- status_t err = mClientsMap.add(token, client);
- if (err < 0) {
- mTokens.release(token);
- return 0;
- }
- sp bclient =
- new BClient(this, token, client->getControlBlockMemory());
- return bclient;
- }
- sp
- SurfaceFlinger::createConnection()
- {
- Mutex::Autolock _l(mStateLock);
- uint32_t token = mTokens.acquire();
- sp client = new Client(token, this);
- if (client->ctrlblk == 0) {
- mTokens.release(token);
- return 0;
- }
- status_t err = mClientsMap.add(token, client);
- if (err < 0) {
- mTokens.release(token);
- return 0;
- }
- sp bclient =
- new BClient(this, token, client->getControlBlockMemory());
- return bclient;
- }
sp
SurfaceFlinger::createConnection()
{
Mutex::Autolock _l(mStateLock);
uint32_t token = mTokens.acquire();
sp client = new Client(token, this);
if (client->ctrlblk == 0) {
mTokens.release(token);
return 0;
}
status_t err = mClientsMap.add(token, client);
if (err < 0) {
mTokens.release(token);
return 0;
}
sp bclient =
new BClient(this, token, client->getControlBlockMemory());
return bclient;
}
- 再进入Client的构造函数中,它分配了4K大小的共享内存,并在这块内存上构建了SharedClient对象:
- Client::Client(ClientID clientID, const sp& flinger)
- : ctrlblk(0), cid(clientID), mPid(0), mBitmap(0), mFlinger(flinger)
- {
- const int pgsize = getpagesize();
- const int cblksize = ((sizeof(SharedClient)+(pgsize-1))&~(pgsize-1));
- mCblkHeap = new MemoryHeapBase(cblksize, 0,
- "SurfaceFlinger Client control-block");
- ctrlblk = static_cast(mCblkHeap->getBase());
- if (ctrlblk) {
- new(ctrlblk) SharedClient;
- }
- }
- Client::Client(ClientID
- clientID, const sp& flinger)
- : ctrlblk(0), cid(clientID), mPid(0), mBitmap(0), mFlinger(flinger)
- {
- const int pgsize = getpagesize();
- const int cblksize =
- ((sizeof(SharedClient)+(pgsize-1))&~(pgsize-1));
- mCblkHeap = new MemoryHeapBase(cblksize, 0,
- "SurfaceFlinger Client control-block");
- ctrlblk = static_cast
- *>(mCblkHeap->getBase());
- if (ctrlblk) {
- new(ctrlblk) SharedClient;
- }
- }
Client::Client(ClientID
clientID, const sp& flinger)
: ctrlblk(0), cid(clientID), mPid(0), mBitmap(0), mFlinger(flinger)
{
const int pgsize = getpagesize();
const int cblksize =
((sizeof(SharedClient)+(pgsize-1))&~(pgsize-1));
mCblkHeap = new MemoryHeapBase(cblksize, 0,
"SurfaceFlinger Client control-block");
ctrlblk = static_cast(mCblkHeap->getBase());
if (ctrlblk) { // construct the shared structure in-place.
new(ctrlblk) SharedClient;
}
}
- 回到createConnection中,通过Client的getControlBlockMemory()方法获得共享内存块的 IMemoryHeap接口,接着创建ISurfaceFlingerClient的子类BClient,BClient的成员变量mCblk保存了 IMemoryHeap接口指针;
- 把BClient返回给SurfaceComposerClient,SurfaceComposerClient通过 ISurfaceFlingerClient接口的getControlBlock()方法获得IMemoryHeap接口指针,同时保存在 SurfaceComposerClient的成员变量mControlMemory中;
- 继续通过IMemoryHeap接口的getBase ()方法获取共享内存的首地址,转换为SharedClient指针后保存在SurfaceComposerClient的成员变量mControl中;
- 至此,SurfaceComposerClient的成员变量mControl和SurfaceFlinger::Client.ctrlblk 指向了同一个内存块,该内存块上就是SharedClient对象。
2. SharedBufferStack、SharedBufferServer、SharedBufferClient
SharedClient对象中有一个SharedBufferStack数组:
SharedBufferStack surfaces[ NUM_LAYERS_MAX ];
NUM_LAYERS_MAX 被定义为31,这样保证了SharedClient对象的大小正好满足4KB的要求。创建一个新的Surface时,进入SurfaceFlinger的 createSurface函数后,先取在createConnection阶段创建的Client对象,通过Client在 0--NUM_LAYERS_MAX 之间取得一个尚未被使用的编号,这个编号实际上就是SharedBufferStack数组的索引:
- int32_t id = client->generateId(pid);
- int32_t
- id = client->generateId(pid);
int32_t
id = client->generateId(pid);
然后以Client对象和索引值以及其他参数,创建不同类型的Layer对象,一普通的Layer对象为例:
- layer = createNormalSurfaceLocked(client, d, id,
- w, h, flags, format);
- layer
- = createNormalSurfaceLocked(client, d, id,
- w, h, flags, format);
layer
= createNormalSurfaceLocked(client, d, id,
w, h, flags, format);
在createNormalSurfaceLocked中创建Layer对象:
- sp layer = new Layer(this, display, client, id);
- sp
- layer = new Layer(this, display, client, id);
sp
layer = new Layer(this, display, client, id);
构造Layer时会先构造的父类LayerBaseClient,LayerBaseClient中创建了SharedBufferServer对象,SharedBufferStack 数组的索引值和SharedClient被传入SharedBufferServer对象中。
- LayerBaseClient::LayerBaseClient(SurfaceFlinger* flinger, DisplayID display,
- const sp& client, int32_t i)
- : LayerBase(flinger, display), lcblk(NULL), client(client), mIndex(i),
- mIdentity(uint32_t(android_atomic_inc(&sIdentity)))
- {
- lcblk = new SharedBufferServer(
- client->ctrlblk, i, NUM_BUFFERS,
- mIdentity);
- }
- LayerBaseClient::LayerBaseClient(SurfaceFlinger*
- flinger, DisplayID display,
- const sp& client, int32_t i)
- : LayerBase(flinger, display), lcblk(NULL), client(client),
- mIndex(i),
- mIdentity(uint32_t(android_atomic_inc(&sIdentity)))
- {
- lcblk = new SharedBufferServer(
- client->ctrlblk, i, NUM_BUFFERS,
- mIdentity);
- }
LayerBaseClient::LayerBaseClient(SurfaceFlinger*
flinger, DisplayID display,
const sp& client, int32_t i)
: LayerBase(flinger, display), lcblk(NULL), client(client),
mIndex(i),
mIdentity(uint32_t(android_atomic_inc(&sIdentity)))
{
lcblk = new SharedBufferServer(
client->ctrlblk, i, NUM_BUFFERS,
mIdentity);
}
自此,Layer通过lcblk成员变量(SharedBufferServer)和SharedClient共享内存区建立了关联,并且每个Layer 对应于SharedBufferStack 数组中的一项。
回到SurfaceFlinger的客户端Surface.cpp中,Surface的构造函数如下:
- Surface::Surface(const sp& surface)
- : mClient(surface->mClient), mSurface(surface->mSurface),
- mToken(surface->mToken), mIdentity(surface->mIdentity),
- mFormat(surface->mFormat), mFlags(surface->mFlags),
- mBufferMapper(GraphicBufferMapper::get()), mSharedBufferClient(NULL),
- mWidth(surface->mWidth), mHeight(surface->mHeight)
- {
- mSharedBufferClient = new SharedBufferClient(
- mClient->mControl, mToken, 2, mIdentity);
- init();
- }
- Surface::Surface(const
- sp& surface)
- : mClient(surface->mClient), mSurface(surface->mSurface),
- mToken(surface->mToken), mIdentity(surface->mIdentity),
- mFormat(surface->mFormat), mFlags(surface->mFlags),
- mBufferMapper(GraphicBufferMapper::get()),
- mSharedBufferClient(NULL),
- mWidth(surface->mWidth), mHeight(surface->mHeight)
- {
- mSharedBufferClient = new SharedBufferClient(
- mClient->mControl, mToken, 2, mIdentity);
- init();
- }
Surface::Surface(const
sp& surface)
: mClient(surface->mClient), mSurface(surface->mSurface),
mToken(surface->mToken), mIdentity(surface->mIdentity),
mFormat(surface->mFormat), mFlags(surface->mFlags),
mBufferMapper(GraphicBufferMapper::get()),
mSharedBufferClient(NULL),
mWidth(surface->mWidth), mHeight(surface->mHeight)
{
mSharedBufferClient = new SharedBufferClient(
mClient->mControl, mToken, 2, mIdentity);
init();
}
SharedBufferClient构造参数mClient->mControl就是共享内存块中的SharedClient对象,mToken就是SharedBufferStack 数组索引值。
到这里我们终于知道,Surface中的 mSharedBufferClient成员和Layer中的lcblk成员(SharedBufferServer),通过SharedClient中的同一个SharedBufferStack,共同管理着Surface(Layer)中的两个缓冲区
补充一点上面说的逻辑结构都是针对一个APK和surfaceflinger来说的。
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