insmod(8) insmod(8)
NAME
insmod — simple program to insert a module into the Linux Kernel
SYNOPSIS
insmod [filename] [module options ...]
DESCRIPTION
insmod is a trivial program to insert a module into the kernel:
if the filename is a hyphen, the module is taken from standard
input. Most users will want to use modprobe(8) instead, which is
cleverer.
insmod是一个琐碎的往内核中插入模块的命令。如果文件名是一个连字符，那么模块将从标准输入中载入。大多数用户想使用modprobe代替insmod，因为modprobe更灵巧一些。
Only the most general of error messages are reported: as the
work of trying to link the module is now done inside the kernel,
the dmesg usually gives more information about errors.
只是报告了大多数一般的错误信息，现在做完了试图在内核中连接模块的工作。dmesg通常能给出大量的错误信息。
BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY
This version of insmod is for kernels 2.5.48 and above. If it
detects a kernel with support for old-style modules (for which
much of the work was done in userspace), it will attempt to run
insmod.old in its place, so it is completely transparent to the
user.
COPYRIGHT
This manual page Copyright 2002, Rusty Russell, IBM Corporation.
SEE ALSO
modprobe(8), rmmod(8), lsmod(8), insmod.old(8)
===============================================================================
NAME
modprobe - program to add and remove modules from the Linux Ker-
nel 在系统内核中添加或者删除模块的程序。
SYNOPSIS
modprobe [ -v ] [ -V ] [ -C config-file ] [ -n ] [ -i ] [ -q ] [
-o modulename ] [ modulename ] [ module parameters ... ]
modprobe [ -r ] [ -v ] [ -n ] [ -i ] [ modulename ... ]
modprobe [ -l ] [ -t dirname ] [ wildcard ]
modprobe [ -c ]
DESCRIPTION
modprobe intelligently adds or removes a module from the Linux
kernel: note that for convenience, there is no difference
between _ and - in module names. modprobe looks in the module
directory /lib/modules/'uname -r'/ for all the modules and other
files, except for the optional /etc/modprobe.conf configuration
file and /etc/modprobe.d directory (see modprobe.conf(5)).
modprobe命令智能化的从系统内核中添加或删除模块：注意，在模块名字中_和-是一样的。
除非在/etc/modprobe.conf设置了的文件和路径/etc/modprobe.d。
modprobe命令将在模块路径/lib/modules/'uname -r'/中搜寻所有的模块和文件。
Note that this version of modprobe does not do anything to the
module itself: the work of resolving symbols and understanding
parameters is done inside the kernel. So module failure is
sometimes accompanied by a kernel message: see dmesg(8).
注意这个版本的modprobe命令不对模块做任何动作。在内核中已经做完了分析符号的工作和理解参数的工作，所以模块失败有时候伴随着一个内核的信息。
modprobe expects an up-to-date modules.dep file, as generated by
depmod (see depmod(8)). This file lists what other modules each
module needs (if any), and modprobe uses this to add or remove
these dependencies automatically. See modules.dep(5)).
modprobe预期着一个最新的模块文件modules.dep，这个模块文件由depmod命令产生。这个文件列出了每一个模块需要的其他相依性模块，modprobe命令使用这些模块自动的添加或删除具有相依性的模块。
If any arguments are given after the modulename, they are passed
to the kernel (in addition to any options listed in the configu-
ration file).
OPTIONS
-v --verbose
Print messages about what the program is doing. Usually
modprobe only prints messages if something goes wrong.
This option is passed through install or remove commands
to other modprobe commands in the MODPROBE_OPTIONS envi-
ronment variable.
-C --config
This option overrides the default configuration file
(/etc/modprobe.conf or /etc/modprobe.d/ if that isn鈥檛
found).
This option is passed through install or remove commands
to other modprobe commands in the MODPROBE_OPTIONS envi-
ronment variable.
-c --showconfig
Dump out the configuration file and exit.
-n --dry-run
This option does everything but actually insert or delete
the modules (or run the install or remove commands).
Combined with -v, it is useful for debugging problems.
-i --ignore-install --ignore-remove
This option causes modprobe to ignore install and remove
commands in the configuration file (if any), for the mod-
ule on the command line (any dependent modules are still
subject to commands set for them in the configuration
file). See modprobe.conf(5).
-q --quiet
Normally modprobe will report an error if you try to
remove or insert a module it can鈥檛 find (and isn鈥檛 an
alias or install/remove command). With this flag, mod-
probe will simply ignore any bogus names (the kernel uses
this to opportunistically probe for modules which might
exist).
-r --remove
This option causes modprobe to remove, rather than insert
a module. If the modules it depends on are also unused,
modprobe will try to remove them, too. Unlike insertion,
more than one module can be specified on the command line
(it does not make sense to specify module parameters when
removing modules).
There is usually no reason to remove modules, but some
buggy modules require it. Your kernel may not support
removal of modules.
-V --version
Show version of program, and exit. See below for caveats
when run on older kernels.
-f --force
Try to strip any versioning information from the module,
which might otherwise stop it from loading: this is the
same as using both --force-vermagic and --force-modver-
sion. Naturally, these checks are there for your protec-
tion, so using this option is dangerous.
This applies to any modules inserted: both the module (or
alias) on the command line, and any modules it depends
on.
--force-vermagic
Every module contains a small string containing important
information, such as the kernel and compiler versions.
If a module fails to load and the kernel complains that
the "version magic" doesn鈥檛 match, you can use this
option to remove it. Naturally, this check is there for
your protection, so this using option is dangerous.
This applies to any modules inserted: both the module (or
alias) on the command line, and any modules it depends
on.
--force-modversion
When modules are compiled with CONFIG_MODVERSIONS set, a
section is created detailing the versions of every inter-
face used by (or supplied by) the module. If a module
fails to load and the kernel complains that the module
disagrees about a version of some interface, you can use
"--force-modversion" to remove the version information
altogether. Naturally, this check is there for your pro-
tection, so using this option is dangerous.
This applies any modules inserted: both the module (or
alias) on the command line, and any modules it depends
on.
-l --list
List all modules matching the given wildcard (or "*" if
no wildcard is given). This option is provided for back-
wards compatibility: see find(1) and basename(1) for a
more flexible alternative.
-a --all
Insert all module names on the command line.
-t --type
Restrict -l to modules in directories matching the
dirname given. This option is provided for backwards
compatibility: see find(1) and basename(1) or a more
flexible alternative.
-s --syslog
This option causes any error messages to go through the
syslog mechanism (as LOG_DAEMON with level LOG_NOTICE)
rather than to standard error. This is also automati-
cally enabled when stderr is unavailable.
This option is passed through install or remove commands
to other modprobe commands in the MODPROBE_OPTIONS envi-
ronment variable.
--set-version
Set the kernel version, rather than using uname(2) to
decide on the kernel version (which dictates where to
find the modules). This also disables backwards compati-
bility checks (so modprobe.old(8) will never be run).
--show-depends
List the dependencies of a module (or alias), including
the module itself. This produces a (possibly empty) set
of module filenames, one per line, each starting with
"insmod". Install commands which apply are shown pre-
fixed by "install". It does not run any of the install
commands. Note that modinfo(8) can be used to extract
dependencies of a module from the module itself, but
knows nothing of aliases or install commands.
-o --name
This option tries to rename the module which is being
inserted into the kernel. Some testing modules can use-
fully be inserted multiple times, but the kernel refuses
to have two modules of the same name. Normally, modules
should not require multiple insertions, as that would
make them useless if there were no module support.
--first-time
Normally, modprobe will succeed (and do nothing) if told
to insert a module which is already present, or remove a
module which isn鈥檛 present. This is backwards compatible
with the modutils, and ideal for simple scripts. How-
ever, more complicated scripts often want to know whether
modprobe really did something: this option makes modprobe
fail for that case.
BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY
This version of modprobe is for kernels 2.5.48 and above. If it
detects a kernel with support for old-style modules (for which
much of the work was done in userspace), it will attempt to run
modprobe.old in its place, so it is completely transparent to
the user.
ENVIRONMENT
The MODPROBE_OPTIONS environment variable can also be used to
pass arguments to modprobe.
COPYRIGHT
This manual page Copyright 2002, Rusty Russell, IBM Corporation.
SEE ALSO
modprobe.conf(5), lsmod(8), modprobe.old(8)
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