CPAN命令操作细节

把这些细节都涉及到的话，怎么安装软件就很清晰了，如果有多个版本，怎样指定安装哪个版本模块呢?
通过CPAN官方站点，可以链接到各个镜像SITES.html。
看到下面几个镜像，不过只有香港的镜像可以连上，其他镜像都连不上，包括台湾的镜像，可能我我上网的地方有网络限制吧。
China MainLand

Hong Kong
http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
ftp://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/


有875M的常用空闲空间和较好的带宽，就可以申请做Perl官方的镜像了，当然这么多空间只能存放常用的软件包，有更多空间则会更好些。
做私有镜像，需要和Perl镜像的管理员进行联系。

CPAN还是挺大了，发展了很多年，但是总体代码量却并没有大到离谱的地步。
CPAN规模：2009-12-15 online since 1995-10-26， 6511 MB 243 mirrors，7835 authors 17080 modules。

包含很多Perl文档。


Google Groups上不了了诡异。
其他服务可以用的啊?

安装过程中出现的一个软件是什么，仍然没搞清楚。NcFTP Client， 。


CPAN命令解释：
get 下载模块对应的软件包，并解压。在Linux下放软件包的位置是.cpan/sources/authors/id/，解压对应的位置是.cpan/build。Windows下对应的位置类似，只是把.cpan改成cpan，Windows下ActivePerl的默认安装位置是C:\Perl。

查看软件包的升级状况，使用正则表达式进行查询：
cpan[16]> r /Sys::Syscall/
All modules are up to date for /Sys::Syscall/

get moduleName      用于下载软件包，并解压到build目录
make moduleName   对模块进行编译
test moduleName       对模块进行测试
install moduleName   安装模块。(可以不进行前面几步的操作，直接使用install命令，前面的命令会自动调用)
i /REG/或Words        查询模块
cpan[19]> i /Net::Netmask/
Module id = Net::Netmask
DESCRIPTION  Understand and manipulate network blocks
CPAN_USERID  MUIR (David Muir Sharnoff )
CPAN_VERSION 1.9015
CPAN_FILE    M/MU/MUIR/modules/Net-Netmask-1.9015.tar.gz
DSLIP_STATUS RdpOo (released,developer,perl,object-oriented,open-source)
INST_FILE    (not installed)
cpan[20]> i Net  // 用关键字怎么找不到了?
No objects found of any type for argument Net

a moduleName        查询模块的作者信息，为什么有些模块可以查询到信息，而有些模块则查询不到信息呢?
cpan[28]> a MogileFS::Sys     // 相近的模块，为什么这个模块查询不到用户信息呢?
No objects of type Author found for argument MOGILEFS::SYS
cpan[29]> i MogileFS::Util
Module id = MogileFS::Util
CPAN_USERID  DORMANDO (Alan Kasindorf )
CPAN_VERSION undef
CPAN_FILE    D/DO/DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz
UPLOAD_DATE  2009-12-06
INST_FILE    (not installed)

CPAN中查询到的Module和Distribution有什么关系?
一个软件包可以包含多个模块，有些软件包则只包含一个模块。
CPAN上查不到软件包的历史版本吗?还是只能看到比较新的版本?
一个软件包中可以包含多个模块。
cpan[36]> i /MogileFS/     
Distribution    DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz
Module    MogileFS::Class        (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Config       (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Connection::Client (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Connection::Mogstored (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Connection::Worker (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::DevFID       (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Device       (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::DeviceState  (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Domain       (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Exception    (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::FID          (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::HTTPFile     (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Host         (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::IOStatWatcher (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::ProcManager  (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::RebalancePolicy (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::RebalancePolicy::DrainDevices (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::RebalancePolicy::PercentFree (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::RebalancePolicy::Random (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::ReplicationPolicy (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::ReplicationPolicy::MultipleHosts (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::ReplicationPolicy::Union (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::ReplicationRequest (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Server       (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Store        (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Store::MySQL (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Store::Postgres (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Store::SQLite (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Sys          (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Test         (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Util         (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Worker       (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Worker::Delete (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Worker::Fsck (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Worker::JobMaster (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Worker::Monitor (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Worker::Query (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Worker::Reaper (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
Module    MogileFS::Worker::Replicate (DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz)
2.15软件包里面的模块怎么这么少?
cpan[36]> i /MogileFS/     
Distribution    DORMANDO/MogileFS-Utils-2.15.tar.gz
Module    MogileFS::Utils        (DORMANDO/MogileFS-Utils-2.15.tar.gz)

显示模块信息：
cpan[43]> m /MogileFS::Server/
Module id = MogileFS::Server
CPAN_USERID  DORMANDO (Alan Kasindorf )
CPAN_VERSION 2.34
CPAN_FILE    D/DO/DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz
UPLOAD_DATE  2009-12-06
INST_FILE    (not installed)
cpan[44]> i /MogileFS::Server/  // i也是用于显示信息，不过是 a ,b , d, m信息都要显示的。
Module id = MogileFS::Server
CPAN_USERID  DORMANDO (Alan Kasindorf )
CPAN_VERSION 2.34
CPAN_FILE    D/DO/DORMANDO/mogilefs-server-2.34.tar.gz
UPLOAD_DATE  2009-12-06
INST_FILE    (not installed)
重新加载cpan，该命令将重新加载CPAN.pm。
cpan[49]> reload cpan
(CPAN__unchanged__v1.9402)(CPAN::Author__unchanged__v5.5)(CPAN::CacheMgr__unchanged__v5.5)(CPAN::Complete__unchanged__v5.5)(CPAN::Debug__unchanged__v5.5)(CPAN::DeferredCode__unchanged__v5.50)(CPAN::Distribution__unchanged__v1.93)(CPAN::Distroprefs__unchanged__v6)(CPAN::Distrostatus__unchanged__v5.5)(CPAN::Exception::RecursiveDependency..v5.5)(CPAN::Exception::yaml_not_installed....v5.5)(CPAN::FirstTime....................v5.53)(CPAN::FTP__unchanged__v5.5)(CPAN::FTP::netrc__unchanged__v1.00)(CPAN::HandleConfig__unchanged__v5.5)(CPAN::Index__unchanged__v1.93)(CPAN::InfoObj__unchanged__v5.5)(CPAN::LWP::UserAgent......v1.00)(CPAN::Module__unchanged__v5.5)(CPAN::Prompt__unchanged__v5.5)(CPAN::Queue__unchanged__v5.5)(CPAN::Shell__unchanged__v5.5)(CPAN::Tarzip__unchanged__v5.501)(CPAN::Version__unchanged__v5.5)
32 subroutines redefined
reademe 查看软件包信息：
cpan>readme XML::LibXM
显示软件包信息，可以按退出
INTRODUCTION
============

This module implements a Perl interface to the Gnome libxml2 library which
provides interfaces for parsing and manipulating XML files. This module allows
Perl programmers to make use of the highly capable validating XML parser and
the high performance DOM implementation.
cpan运行模式切换：
cpan[87]> look XML::LibXML
Running look for module 'XML::LibXML'

Trying to open a subshell in the build directory...  // 进入了普通的命令模式，可以使用ls等一系列命令。
Working directory is /root/.cpan/build/XML-LibXML-1.70-8gQ9A_  // 下面这些是XML::LibXML对应的目录，打开subshell是什么意思?只包含下面的库?
Prepending /root/.cpan/build/XML-SAX-0.96-XRyCrX/blib/arch /root/.cpan/build/XML-SAX-0.96-XRyCrX/blib/lib /root/.cpan/build/XML-NamespaceSupport-1.10-KAp2Ok/blib/arch /root/.cpan/build/XML-NamespaceSupport-1.10-KAp2Ok/blib/lib to PERL5LIB for 'look'
[root@localhost XML-LibXML-1.70-8gQ9A_]#
按Ctrl + D可以返回cpan

没有匹配标识符，是不会进入Shell命令模式的：
cpan[106]> look MogileFS
Warning: Cannot look MogileFS, don't know what it is.
Try the command

i /MogileFS/

to find objects with matching identifiers.

重新加载索引：
cpan[71]> reload index
Fetching with LWP:
http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/authors/01mailrc.txt.gz
Use of uninitialized value in hash element at /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.8/LWP/Protocol.pm line 55.
Use of uninitialized value in pattern match (m//) at /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.8/LWP/Protocol.pm line 58.
Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.8/LWP/Protocol.pm line 38.
Use of uninitialized value in string eq at /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.8/LWP/UserAgent.pm line 195.
LWP failed with code[501] message[Protocol scheme '' is not supported]

Trying with "/usr/bin/wget -O /root/.cpan/sources/authors/01mailrc.txt.tmp3849" to get
"http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/authors/01mailrc.txt.gz"  // 处在authors这一级目录，并没有到下面具体的软件实体包中。把索引放在这个位置是合适的。  最后这里其实没有.gz的，估计编译后就被删除了。。。(实际上是放到build目录了。)
--20:53:03--  http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/authors/01mailrc.txt.gz
Connecting to 10.10.10.11:809... connected.
Proxy request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 163345 (160K) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: `/root/.cpan/sources/authors/01mailrc.txt.tmp3849'  // 只是临时文件

100%[====================================================================================================================>] 163,345     95.8K/s   in 1.7s  

20:53:06 (95.8 KB/s) - `/root/.cpan/sources/authors/01mailrc.txt.tmp3849' saved [163345/163345]

Going to read '/root/.cpan/sources/authors/01mailrc.txt.gz'
............................................................................DONE
Fetching with LWP:
http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/modules/02packages.details.txt.gz
Use of uninitialized value in hash element at /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.8/LWP/Protocol.pm line 55.
Use of uninitialized value in pattern match (m//) at /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.8/LWP/Protocol.pm line 58.
Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.8/LWP/Protocol.pm line 38.
Use of uninitialized value in string eq at /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.8/LWP/UserAgent.pm line 195.
LWP failed with code[501] message[Protocol scheme '' is not supported]

Trying with "/usr/bin/wget -O /root/.cpan/sources/modules/02packages.details.txt.tmp3849" to get
"http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/modules/02packages.details.txt.gz"
--20:53:07--  http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/modules/02packages.details.txt.gz
Connecting to 10.10.10.11:809... connected.
Proxy request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 844653 (825K) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: `/root/.cpan/sources/modules/02packages.details.txt.tmp3849'

70% [================================================================================>                                    ] 591,284     93.9K/s  eta 3s    
。。。。。

Going to read '/root/.cpan/sources/modules/03modlist.data.gz'
............................................................................DONE
Going to write /root/.cpan/Metadata  // 这个估计要删除临时文件，并把索引放到恰当的地方吧?

[root@localhost .cpan]# find . | grep 02pa
./sources/modules/02packages.details.txt.gz
./sources/modules/02packages.details.txt.gz.bak
./build/CPAN-1.9402/t/CPAN/modules/02packages.details.txt
[root@localhost .cpan]# find . | grep 03mod
./sources/modules/03modlist.data.gz.bak
./sources/modules/03modlist.data.gz
./build/CPAN-1.9402/t/CPAN/modules/03modlist.dat
[root@localhost .cpan]# find . | grep 01mail
./sources/authors/01mailrc.txt.gz.bak
./sources/authors/01mailrc.txt.gz
./build/CPAN-1.9402/t/CPAN/authors/01mailrc.txt
[root@localhost .cpan]# du -sh sources/authors/01mailrc.txt.gz // 看来索引不是解压成一个文件01mailrc.txt，那索引到底放哪里呢?
164K    sources/authors/01mailrc.txt.gz
[root@localhost .cpan]# du -sh build/CPAN-1.9402/t/CPAN/authors/01mailrc.txt
4.0K    build/CPAN-1.9402/t/CPAN/authors/01mailrc.txt

……………………………………………分割线…………………………………………………………

autobundle命令，显示最近的CPAN上传信息
cpan[54]> autobundle
Package namespace         installed    latest  in CPAN file
Apache::Reload                 0.10      0.10  PHRED/Apache-Reload-0.10.tar.gz
Apache::Test                   1.31      1.30  PHRED/Apache-Test-1.30.tar.gz
Archive::Tar                   1.54      1.54  BINGOS/Archive-Tar-1.54.tar.gz
Archive::Zip                   1.30      1.30  ADAMK/Archive-Zip-1.30.tar.gz
Attribute::Handlers         0.78_02      0.87  SMUELLER/Attribute-Handlers-0.87.tar.gz
。。。。。
AutoLoader                     5.60      5.70  SMUELLER/AutoLoader-5.70.tar.gz
vars                           1.01      1.01  DAPM/perl-5.10.1.tar.gz
vmsish                         1.02      1.02  DAPM/perl-5.10.1.tar.gz
warnings                       1.05      1.06  DAPM/perl-5.10.1.tar.gz
warnings::register             1.01      1.01  DAPM/perl-5.10.1.tar.gz
Wrote bundle file
/root/.cpan/Bundle/Snapshot_2009_12_17_00.pm

CPAN命令也是支持补全操作的，从下面的结果可以看出这一点：
cpan[63]> test Perlb
Perlbal                                Perlbug::File                          Perlbug::Object::Change                Perlbug::Object::Range
Perlbal::Cache                         Perlbug::Fix                           Perlbug::Object::Child                 Perlbug::Object::Severity
Perlbal::Control                       Perlbug::Format                        Perlbug::Object::Fixed                 Perlbug::Object::Status
Perlbal::Plugin::Addheader             Perlbug::Interface::Cmd                Perlbug::Object::Flag                  Perlbug::Object::Template
Perlbal::Plugin::BackendHeaders        Perlbug::Interface::Email              Perlbug::Object::Group                 Perlbug::Object::Test
Perlbal::Plugin::StickySessions        Perlbug::Interface::Tk                 Perlbug::Object::Log                   Perlbug::Object::Thing
Perlbal::Plugin::TrustHeader           Perlbug::Interface::Web                Perlbug::Object::Message               Perlbug::Object::User
Perlbal::XS::HTTPHeaders               Perlbug::JS                            Perlbug::Object::Note                  Perlbug::Object::Version
Perlbug                                Perlbug::Log                           Perlbug::Object::Object                Perlbug::Relation
Perlbug::Base                          Perlbug::Object                        Perlbug::Object::Osname                Perlbug::Test
Perlbug::Config                        Perlbug::Object::Address               Perlbug::Object::Parent                Perlbug::Utility
Perlbug::Database                      Perlbug::Object::Bug                   Perlbug::Object::Patch
Perlbug::Do                            Perlbug::Object::Category              Perlbug::Object::Project
rencent命令，显示最近上传的软件包：
cpan[69]> recent
no XML::LibXML installed, cannot continue
21:30:13 (16.6 KB/s) - `/root/.cpan/sources/authors/id/P/PA/PAJAS/CHECKSUMS.tmp3849' saved [22988/22988]
Checksum for /root/.cpan/sources/authors/id/P/PA/PAJAS/XML-LibXML-1.70.tar.gz ok
// 先下载为临时文件，确认下载成功之后，才改成正式名称，这也是实现事务的一种做法吧。
又下载了不少的依赖：
cpan[75]> make XML::LibXML  // 为何第一次运行没反应
Running make for module 'XML::LibXML'
Running make for P/PA/PAJAS/XML-LibXML-1.70.tar.gz
cpan[76]> make XML::LibXML  // 有反应了
Running make for module 'XML::LibXML'
Running make for P/PA/PAJAS/XML-LibXML-1.70.tar.gz

CPAN.pm: Going to build P/PA/PAJAS/XML-LibXML-1.70.tar.gz

enable native perl UTF8
running xml2-config...ok (2.6.26)
looking for -lxml2... yes
Checking if your kit is complete...
Looks good
Warning: prerequisite XML::NamespaceSupport 1.07 not found.
Warning: prerequisite XML::SAX 0.11 not found.
Writing Makefile for XML::LibXML
---- Unsatisfied dependencies detected during ----
----       PAJAS/XML-LibXML-1.70.tar.gz       ----
XML::SAX [requires]
XML::NamespaceSupport [requires]
Shall I follow them and prepend them to the queue
编译过程中用到了gcc，一些模块用C实现，然后用Perl来调用?这和Python看起来有些相似了，呵呵

显示Danga::Socket已经安装：
cpan[96]> make Danga::Socket
Running make for module 'Danga::Socket'
Running make for B/BR/BRADFITZ/Danga-Socket-1.61.tar.gz
Prepending /root/.cpan/build/XML-SAX-0.96-XRyCrX/blib/arch /root/.cpan/build/XML-SAX-0.96-XRyCrX/blib/lib /root/.cpan/build/XML-NamespaceSupport-1.10-KAp2Ok/blib/arch /root/.cpan/build/XML-NamespaceSupport-1.10-KAp2Ok/blib/lib to PERL5LIB for 'get'
Has already been unwrapped into directory /root/.cpan/build/Danga-Socket-1.61-r1BDMs
Prepending /root/.cpan/build/XML-SAX-0.96-XRyCrX/blib/arch /root/.cpan/build/XML-SAX-0.96-XRyCrX/blib/lib /root/.cpan/build/XML-NamespaceSupport-1.10-KAp2Ok/blib/arch /root/.cpan/build/XML-NamespaceSupport-1.10-KAp2Ok/blib/lib to PERL5LIB for 'make'
Has already been made
显示XML::LibXML已经安装：
cpan[97]> install XML::LibXML
XML::LibXML is up to date (1.70).

居然这可以这么编译：
先下载代码，在切换到命令模式，只用用Linux的make命令进行编译(虽然在CPAN里其实也是调用make进行编译的)，这说明cpan还是很灵活的。

cpan[99]> look MogileFS::Server
Running look for module 'MogileFS::Server'  // 对某个模块进行管理方便，如修改代码后，马上编译，但又是在CPAN的框架之内，便于软件安装管理?

Trying to open a subshell in the build directory...
Working directory is /root/.cpan/build/mogilefs-server-2.34-CwDbTB
Prepending /root/.cpan/build/XML-SAX-0.96-XRyCrX/blib/arch /root/.cpan/build/XML-SAX-0.96-XRyCrX/blib/lib /root/.cpan/build/XML-NamespaceSupport-1.10-KAp2Ok/blib/arch /root/.cpan/build/XML-NamespaceSupport-1.10-KAp2Ok/blib/lib to PERL5LIB for 'look'
[root@localhost mogilefs-server-2.34-CwDbTB]# ls
CHANGES  doc  lib  Makefile  Makefile.PL  MANIFEST  META.yml  mogautomount  mogdbsetup  mogilefsd  mogstored  t  TESTING  TODO
[root@localhost mogilefs-server-2.34-CwDbTB]# make
cp lib/MogileFS/RebalancePolicy.pm blib/lib/MogileFS/RebalancePolicy.pm
cp lib/mogdeps/Perlbal/ManageCommand.pm blib/lib/mogdeps/Perlbal/ManageCommand.pm
cp lib/Mogstored/ChildProcess/DiskUsage.pm blib/lib/Mogstored/ChildProcess/DiskUsage.pm
cp lib/mogdeps/Perlbal/ReproxyManager.pm blib/lib/mogdeps/Perlbal/ReproxyManager.pm
cp lib/mogdeps/Perlbal/Plugin/Vpaths.pm blib/lib/mogdeps/Perlbal/Plugin/Vpaths.pm
cp lib/MogileFS/Server.pm blib/lib/MogileFS/Server.pm
cp lib/MogileFS/Sys.pm blib/lib/MogileFS/Sys.pm
cp lib/mogdeps/Perlbal/Plugin/Redirect.pm blib/lib/mogdeps/Perlbal/Plugin/Redirect.pm