全部博文（1159）
分类： 嵌入式
2011-06-17 08:19:13
嵌入式系统移植基础三步曲
计算机与信息工程学院 林光辉 计应一班 0906041018
准备工作：在进行嵌入式系统的模拟移植时，首先应该安装skyeye，模拟嵌入式的计算机系统；skyeye的安装 （1）解压源码包： [root@localhost Desktop]# tar -xjvf skyeye-1.2.6_rc1.tar.bz2 -C ./
(2) 编译skyeye-1.2.6： [root@localhost Desktop]# cd skyeye-1.2.6_rc1
[root@localhost skyeye-1.2.6_rc1]# ./configure
[root@localhost skyeye-1.2.6_rc1]# make
[root@localhost skyeye-1.2.6_rc1]# make install
（3）修改名称： [root@localhostskyeye-1.2.6_rc1]#mv/usr/local/bin/skyeye /usr/local/bin/skyeye1.2.6
三部曲的第一步：bootloader的移植 所需材料：u-boot-1.1.4.tar.bz2
1. 解压u-boot-1.1.4.tar.bz2
[root@localhost Desktop]# tar -xjvf u-boot-1.1.4.tar.bz2 -C ./
[root@localhost Desktop]# cd u-boot-1.1.4
2．编辑u-boot根目录中的Makefile文件[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit Makefile
(1)将
ifeq ($(ARCH),arm)
CROSS_COMPILE = arm-linux-
Endif
改为
ifeq ($(ARCH),arm)
CROSS_COMPILE=/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-
endif
(2)在
smdk2410_config : unconfig
@./mkconfig $(@:_config=) arm arm920t smdk2410 NULL s3c24x0
后面添加
ok2410_config : unconfig
@./mkconfig $(@:_config=) arm arm920t ok2410 NULL s3c24x0
3．复制必要的文件，编辑ok2410.h头文件
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# mkdir board/ok2410
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# cp board/smdk2410/* board/ok2410/
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# mv board/ok2410/smdk2410.c board/ok2410/ok2410.c
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# cp include/configs/smdk2410.h include/configs/ok2410.h
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit include/configs/ok2410.h
将
#define CFG_PROMPT "SMDK2410 # " /* Monitor Command Prompt */
改为
#define CFG_PROMPT "lgh # " /* Monitor Command Prompt */
4．编辑board/ok2410/Makefile文件[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit board/ok2410/Makefile
将 OBJS := smdk2410.o flash.o 改为 OBJS := ok2410.o flash.o
5．配置、编译u-boot [root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# make ok2410_config
Configuring for ok2410 board...
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# make
出现如下错误： ……
make -C examples all
make[1]: Entering directory `/root/Desktop/u-boot-1.1.4/examples'
/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-gcc -g -Os -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -ffixed-r8 -msoft-float -D__KERNEL__ -DTEXT_BASE=0x33F80000 -I/root/Desktop/u-boot-1.1.4/include -fno-builtin -ffreestanding -nostdinc -isystem /usr/local/arm/2.95.3/lib/gcc-lib/arm-linux/2.95.3/include -pipe -DCONFIG_ARM -D__ARM__ -march=armv4 -mabi=apcs-gnu -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -c -o hello_world.o hello_world.c
cc1: Invalid option `abi=apcs-gnu'
make[1]: *** [hello_world.o] 错误 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/Desktop/u-boot-1.1.4/examples'
make: *** [examples] 错误 2
修改cpu/arm920t/config.mk文件
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit cpu/arm920t/config.mk
将
PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS +=$(call cc-option,-mapcs-32,-mabi=apcs-gnu)
改成：
PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS +=$(call cc-option,-mapcs-32,$(call cc-option,-mabi=apcs-gnu,))
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# make
接着出现了如下的错误：
......
/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-ar crv libstubs.a stubs.o
a - stubs.o
make[1]: *** 没有规则可以创建“all”需要的目标“hello_world.srec”。 停止。
make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/Desktop/u-boot-1.1.4/examples'
make: *** [examples] 错误 2
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit examples/Makefile
将原文件的第58行开始的内容：
SREC = hello_world.srec
BIN = hello_world.bin hello_world
改为
SREC = hello_world.o
BIN = hello_world.o hello_world
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# make
make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/Desktop/u-boot-1.1.4/common'
UNDEF_SYM=`/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-objdump -x lib_generic/libgeneric.a board/ok2410/libok2410.a cpu/arm920t/libarm920t.a cpu/arm920t/s3c24x0/libs3c24x0.a lib_arm/libarm.a fs/cramfs/libcramfs.a fs/fat/libfat.a fs/fdos/libfdos.a fs/jffs2/libjffs2.a fs/reiserfs/libreiserfs.a fs/ext2/libext2fs.a net/libnet.a disk/libdisk.a rtc/librtc.a dtt/libdtt.a drivers/libdrivers.a drivers/sk98lin/libsk98lin.a post/libpost.a post/cpu/libcpu.a common/libcommon.a |sed -n -e 's/.*\(__u_boot_cmd_.*\)/-u\1/p'|sort|uniq`;\
/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-ld -Bstatic -T /root/Desktop/u-boot-1.1.4/board/ok2410/u-boot.lds -Ttext 0x33F80000 $UNDEF_SYM cpu/arm920t/start.o \
--start-group lib_generic/libgeneric.a board/ok2410/libok2410.a cpu/arm920t/libarm920t.a cpu/arm920t/s3c24x0/libs3c24x0.a lib_arm/libarm.a fs/cramfs/libcramfs.a fs/fat/libfat.a fs/fdos/libfdos.a fs/jffs2/libjffs2.a fs/reiserfs/libreiserfs.a fs/ext2/libext2fs.a net/libnet.a disk/libdisk.a rtc/librtc.a dtt/libdtt.a drivers/libdrivers.a drivers/sk98lin/libsk98lin.a post/libpost.a post/cpu/libcpu.a common/libcommon.a --end-group -L /usr/local/arm/2.95.3/lib/gcc-lib/arm-linux/2.95.3 -lgcc \
-Map u-boot.map -o u-boot
/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-objcopy --gap-fill=0xff -O srec u-boot u-boot.srec
/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-objcopy —gap-fill=0xff -O binary u-boot u-boot.bin
6．编辑skyeye.conf文件[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit skyeye.conf
# skyeye config file for S3C2410X
cpu: arm920t
mach: s3c2410x
# physical memory
mem_bank: map=M, type=RW, addr=0x00000000, size=0x00800000, file=./u-boot.bin ,boot=yes
mem_bank: map=M, type=RW, addr=0x30000000, size=0x00800000
mem_bank: map=M, type=RW, addr=0x30800000, size=0x00800000
mem_bank: map=M, type=RW, addr=0x31000000, size=0x03000000
# all peripherals I/O mapping area
mem_bank: map=I, type=RW, addr=0x48000000, size=0x20000000
mem_bank: map=I, type=RW, addr=0x19000300, size=0x00000020
net: type=cs8900a, base=0x19000300, size=0x20,int=9, mac=08:00:3E:26:0A:5B, ethmod=tuntap, hostip=10.0.0.1
nandflash: type=s3c2410x,name=K9F1208U0B,dump=./nand.dump
#lcd:type=s3c2410x, mod=gtk
dbct:state=on
7．执行skyeye1.2.6[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6
**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate
your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,
you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.
***********************************************************************
Your elf file is little endian.
arch: arm
cpu info: armv4, arm920t, 41009200, ff00fff0, 2
mach info: name s3c2410x, mach_init addr 0x806bae0
ethmod num=1, mac addr=8:0:3e:26:a:5b, hostip=10.0.0.1
nandflash: dump ./nand.dump
file size:69206016
dbct info: turn on dbct!
uart_mod:0, desc_in:, desc_out:, converter:
SKYEYE: use arm920t mmu ops
Loaded RAM ./u-boot.bin
ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000000) = 0x00ffffff
ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000008) = 0x00048032
U-Boot 1.1.4 (May 3 2009 - 18:31:55)
U-Boot code: 33F80000 -> 33F9873C BSS: -> 33F9C814
RAM Configuration:
Bank #0: 30000000 64 MB
Flash: 512 kB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
OK2410 #
8．开始移植nand[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit cpu/arm920t/start.S
将以下U－Boot的重定向语句段：
#ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT
relocate: /* relocate U-Boot to RAM */
adr r0, _start /* r0 <- current position of code */
ldr r1, _TEXT_BASE /* test if we run from flash or RAM */
cmp r0, r1 /* don't reloc during debug */
beq stack_setup
ldr r2, _armboot_start
ldr r3, _bss_start
sub r2, r3, r2 /* r2 <- size of armboot */
add r2, r0, r2 /* r2 <- source end address */
copy_loop:
ldmia r0!, {r3-r10} /* copy from source address [r0] */
stmia r1!, {r3-r10} /* copy to target address [r1] */
cmp r0, r2 /* until source end addreee [r2] */
ble copy_loop
#endif /* CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT */
#ifdef CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT
@ reset NAND
mov r1, #NAND_CTL_BASE
ldr r2, =0xf830 @ initial value
str r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
ldr r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
bic r2, r2, #0x800 @ enable chip
str r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
mov r2, #0xff @ RESET command
strb r2, [r1, #oNFCMD]
mov r3, #0 @ wait
nand1:
add r3, r3, #0x1
cmp r3, #0xa
blt nand1
nand2:
ldr r2, [r1, #oNFSTAT] @ wait ready
tst r2, #0x1
beq nand2
ldr r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
orr r2, r2, #0x800 @ disable chip
str r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
@ get read to call C functions (for nand_read())
ldr sp, DW_STACK_START @ setup stack pointer
mov fp, #0 @ no previous frame, so fp=0
@ copy U-Boot to RAM
ldr r0, =TEXT_BASE
mov r1, #0x0
mov r2, #0x20000
bl nand_read_ll
tst r0, #0x0
beq ok_nand_read
bad_nand_read:
loop2: b loop2 @ infinite loop
ok_nand_read:
@ verify
mov r0, #0
ldr r1, =TEXT_BASE
mov r2, #0x400 @ 4 bytes * 1024 = 4K-bytes
go_next:
ldr r3, [r0], #4
ldr r4, [r1], #4
teq r3, r4
bne notmatch
subs r2, r2, #4
beq stack_setup
bne go_next
notmatch:
loop3: b loop3 @ infinite loop
#endif /* CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT */
在
_start_armboot: .word start_armboot
后面加入
.align 2
DW_STACK_START: .word STACK_BASE+STACK_SIZE-4
9．修改board/ok2410/Makefile[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit board/ok2410/Makefile
将
OBJS := ok2410.o flash.o
改为
OBJS := ok2410.o flash.o nand_read.o
10．创建board/ok2410/nand_read.c文件[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit board/ok2410/nand_read.c
#include
#define __REGb(x) (*(volatile unsigned char *)(x))
#define __REGi(x) (*(volatile unsigned int *)(x))
#define NF_BASE 0x4e000000
#define NFCONF __REGi(NF_BASE + 0x0)
#define NFCMD __REGb(NF_BASE + 0x4)
#define NFADDR __REGb(NF_BASE + 0x8)
#define NFDATA __REGb(NF_BASE + 0xc)
#define NFSTAT __REGb(NF_BASE + 0x10)
#define BUSY 1
#ifndef NAND_SECTOR_SIZE
#define NAND_SECTOR_SIZE 512
#endif
#ifndef NAND_BLOCK_MASK
#define NAND_BLOCK_MASK 511
#endif
inline void wait_idle(void) {
int i;
while(!(NFSTAT & BUSY))
for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}
/* low level nand read function */
int nand_read_ll(unsigned char *buf, unsigned long start_addr, int size)
{
int i, j;
if ((start_addr & NAND_BLOCK_MASK) || (size & NAND_BLOCK_MASK)) {
return -1; /* invalid alignment */
}
/* chip Enable */
NFCONF &= ~0x800;
for(i=0; i<10; i++);
for(i=start_addr; i < (start_addr + size);) {
/* READ0 */
NFCMD = 0;
/* Write Address */
NFADDR = i & 0xff;
NFADDR = (i >> 9) & 0xff;
NFADDR = (i >> 17) & 0xff;
NFADDR = (i >> 25) & 0xff;
wait_idle();
for(j=0; j < NAND_SECTOR_SIZE; j++, i++) {
*buf = (NFDATA & 0xff);
buf++;
}
}
/* chip Disable */
NFCONF |= 0x800; /* chip disable */
return 0;
}
11．编辑include/configs/ok2410.h文件[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit include/configs/ok2410.h
在文件的后部添加
/****************** me add begin *******************/
/*
* Nandflash Boot
*/
#define CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT 1
#define STACK_BASE 0x33f00000
#define STACK_SIZE 0x8000
//#define UBOOT_RAM_BASE 0x33f80000
/* NAND Flash Controller */
#define NAND_CTL_BASE 0x4E000000
#define bINT_CTL(Nb) __REG(INT_CTL_BASE + (Nb))
/* Offset */
#define oNFCONF 0x00
#define oNFCMD 0x04
#define oNFADDR 0x08
#define oNFDATA 0x0c
#define oNFSTAT 0x10
#define oNFECC 0x14
/****************** me add end *******************/
12．编译u-boot，然后测试u-boot是否可以从nand启动[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# make
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6
**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate
your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,
you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.
***********************************************************************
Your elf file is little endian.
arch: arm
cpu info: armv4, arm920t, 41009200, ff00fff0, 2
mach info: name s3c2410x, mach_init addr 0x806bae0
ethmod num=1, mac addr=8:0:3e:26:a:5b, hostip=10.0.0.1
nandflash: dump ./nand.dump
Init nandflash dump file.
file size:69206016
finish init nandflash dump
dbct info: turn on dbct!
uart_mod:0, desc_in:, desc_out:, converter:
SKYEYE: use arm920t mmu ops
Loaded RAM ./u-boot.bin 到此停止不动 执行如下命令：
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# mknandflashdump u-boot.bin nand.dump 0
若出现如下情况 命令没找到：
bash: mknandflashdump: command not found
解决方法：将mknandflashdump的二进制文件移到／bin／的目录下 重新执行：
结果如下： offset: 0x0 = 0
1 pos: 0x0 = 0
2 pos: 0x0 = 0
finish
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# chmod 666 nand.dump
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6
**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate
your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,
you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.
***********************************************************************
Your elf file is little endian.
arch: arm
cpu info: armv4, arm920t, 41009200, ff00fff0, 2
mach info: name s3c2410x, mach_init addr 0x806bae0
ethmod num=1, mac addr=8:0:3e:26:a:5b, hostip=10.0.0.1
nandflash: dump ./nand.dump
file size:69206016
dbct info: turn on dbct!
uart_mod:0, desc_in:, desc_out:, converter:
SKYEYE: use arm920t mmu ops
Loaded RAM ./u-boot.bin
ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000000) = 0x00ffffff
ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000008) = 0x00048032
U-Boot 1.1.4 (May 3 2009 - 18:57:18)
U-Boot code: 33F80000 -> 33F988D4 BSS: -> 33F9C9AC
RAM Configuration:
Bank #0: 30000000 64 MB
Flash: 512 kB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
OK2410 # ? //显示可以使用的u-boot命令
…… //可以使用的u-boot命令省略
OK2410 #
注：13～15步对u-boot添加nand指令的支持:
13．编辑include/configs/ok2410.h文件
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit include/configs/ok2410.h
在
#define CONFIG_BAUDRATE 115200
后面添加
/*********************** me add begin *************************************/
/* enable passing of ATAGs */
#define CONFIG_CMDLINE_TAG 1
#define CONFIG_SETUP_MEMORY_TAGS 1
#define CONFIG_INITRD_TAG 1
/*********************** me add end *************************************/
将
/*CFG_CMD_NAND |*/ \
改为
CFG_CMD_NAND | \
将
/*#define CONFIG_BOOTARGS "root=ramfs devfs=mount console=ttySA0,9600" */
改为
#define CONFIG_BOOTARGS "noinitrd root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.1:/tmp/nfs ip=10.0.0.110:10.0.0.1:10.0.0.1:255.255.255.0 init=linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200 mem=64M"
将
/*#define CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND "tftp; bootm" */
改为
#define CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND "tftp 0x31000000 uImage;bootm 0x31000000"
再次编辑include/configs/ok2410.h文件：在最后修改11步添加的内容为：
/****************** me add begin *******************/
// #define CFG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH 1 /*将该行注释，添加下面一行*/
#define CFG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND 1 /*该行很重要，没有该行，saveenv命令将失效*/
#define CFG_ENV_SIZE 0x10000 /* Total Size of Environment Sector */
#define CFG_NAND_LEGACY 1
#define CFG_ENV_OFFSET 0X20000 /*环境变量在Nand Flash的0x20000处*/
#if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND)
#define CFG_NAND_BASE 0x4E000000 /* physical address to access nand at CS0*/
/* Nand Flash控制器在SFR区起始寄存器地址 */
#define CFG_MAX_NAND_DEVICE 1 /*支持Nand Flash设备的最大个数*/
#define SECTORSIZE 512
#define NAND_SECTOR_SIZE SECTORSIZE
#define NAND_BLOCK_MASK 511
#define ADDR_COLUMN 1
#define ADDR_PAGE 3
#define ADDR_COLUMN_PAGE 4
#define NAND_ChipID_UNKNOWN 0x00 /* 未知芯片的ID号 */
#define NAND_MAX_FLOORS 1
#define NAND_MAX_CHIPS 1 /* 板子上NAND Flash芯片的最大个数 */
/*下面7行是Nand Flash命令层底层的接口函数 */
#define WRITE_NAND_COMMAND(d, adr) {rNFCMD = d;}
#define WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS(d, adr) {rNFADDR = d;}
#define WRITE_NAND(d, adr) {rNFDATA = d;}
#define READ_NAND(adr) (rNFDATA)
#define NAND_WAIT_READY(nand) {while(!(rNFSTAT&(1<<0)));}
#define NAND_DISABLE_CE(nand) {rNFCONF |= (1<<11);}
#define NAND_ENABLE_CE(nand) {rNFCONF &= ~(1<<11);}
/* the following functions are NOP's because S3C24X0 handles this in hardware */
#define NAND_CTL_CLRALE(nandptr)
#define NAND_CTL_SETALE(nandptr)
#define NAND_CTL_CLRCLE(nandptr)
#define NAND_CTL_SETCLE(nandptr)
#define CONFIG_MTD_NAND_VERIFY_WRITE 1 /* 允许Nand Flash写校验 */
/*
* Nandflash Boot
*/
#define CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT 1
#define STACK_BASE 0x33f00000
#define STACK_SIZE 0x8000
//#define UBOOT_RAM_BASE 0x33f80000
/* NAND Flash Controller */
#define NAND_CTL_BASE 0x4E000000
#define bINT_CTL(Nb) __REG(INT_CTL_BASE + (Nb))
/* Offset */
#define oNFCONF 0x00
#define oNFCMD 0x04
#define oNFADDR 0x08
#define oNFDATA 0x0c
#define oNFSTAT 0x10
#define oNFECC 0x14
#define rNFCONF (*(volatile unsigned int *)0x4e000000)
#define rNFCMD (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000004)
#define rNFADDR (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000008)
#define rNFDATA (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e00000c)
#define rNFSTAT (*(volatile unsigned int *)0x4e000010)
#define rNFECC (*(volatile unsigned int *)0x4e000014)
#define rNFECC0 (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000014)
#define rNFECC1 (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000015)
#define rNFECC2 (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000016)
#endif /* CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND*/
/****************** me add end *******************/
14．编辑board/ok2410/ok2410.c文件[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit board/ok2410/ok2410.c
在文件的尾部添加如下内容：
/****************** me add begin *******************/
#if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND)
typedef enum {
NFCE_LOW,
NFCE_HIGH
} NFCE_STATE;
static inline void NF_Conf(u16 conf)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();
nand->NFCONF = conf;
}
static inline void NF_Cmd(u8 cmd)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();
nand->NFCMD = cmd;
}
static inline void NF_CmdW(u8 cmd)
{
NF_Cmd(cmd);
udelay(1);
}
static inline void NF_Addr(u8 addr)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();
nand->NFADDR = addr;
}
static inline void NF_SetCE(NFCE_STATE s)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();
switch (s) {
case NFCE_LOW:
nand->NFCONF &= ~(1<<11);
break;
case NFCE_HIGH:
nand->NFCONF |= (1<<11);
break;
}
}
static inline void NF_WaitRB(void)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();
while (!(nand->NFSTAT & (1<<0)));
}
static inline void NF_Write(u8 data)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();
nand->NFDATA = data;
}
static inline u8 NF_Read(void)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();
return(nand->NFDATA);
}
static inline void NF_Init_ECC(void)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();
nand->NFCONF |= (1<<12);
}
static inline u32 NF_Read_ECC(void)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();
return(nand->NFECC);
}
#endif
/*
* NAND flash initialization.
*/
#if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND)
extern ulong nand_probe(ulong physadr);
static inline void NF_Reset(void)
{
int i;
NF_SetCE(NFCE_LOW);
NF_Cmd(0xFF); /* reset command */
for(i = 0; i < 10; i++); /* tWB = 100ns. */
NF_WaitRB(); /* wait 200~500us; */
NF_SetCE(NFCE_HIGH);
}
static inline void NF_Init(void)
{
#if 0 /* a little bit too optimistic */
#define TACLS 0
#define TWRPH0 3
#define TWRPH1 0
#else
#define TACLS 0
#define TWRPH0 4
#define TWRPH1 2
#endif
NF_Conf((1<<15)|(0<<14)|(0<<13)|(1<<12)|(1<<11)|(TACLS<<8)|(TWRPH0<<4)|(TWRPH1<<0));
/*nand->NFCONF = (1<<15)|(1<<14)|(1<<13)|(1<<12)|(1<<11)|(TACLS<<8)|(TWRPH0<<4)|(TWRPH1<<0); */
/* 1 1 1 1, 1 xxx, r xxx, r xxx */
/* En 512B 4step ECCR nFCE=H tACLS tWRPH0 tWRPH1 */
NF_Reset();
}
void nand_init(void)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();
NF_Init();
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("NAND flash probing at 0x%.8lX\n", (ulong)nand);
#endif
printf ("%4lu MB\n", nand_probe((ulong)nand) >> 20);
}
#endif
/****************** me add end *******************/
15．修改 common/cmd_nand.c文件
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit common/cmd_nand.c
将NanD_ReadBuf函数中的
NanD_Command (nand, NAND_CMD_READ0);行注释掉
16．编译、测试[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# make
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# ./mknandflashdump u-boot.bin nand.dump 0
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6
**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate
your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,
you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.
***********************************************************************
Your elf file is little endian.
arch: arm
cpu info: armv4, arm920t, 41009200, ff00fff0, 2
mach info: name s3c2410x, mach_init addr 0x806bae0
ethmod num=1, mac addr=8:0:3e:26:a:5b, hostip=10.0.0.1
nandflash: dump ./nand.dump
Init nandflash dump file.
file size:69206016
finish init nandflash dump
dbct info: turn on dbct!
uart_mod:0, desc_in:, desc_out:, converter:
SKYEYE: use arm920t mmu ops
Loaded RAM ./u-boot.bin
ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000000) = 0x00ffffff
ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000008) = 0x00048032
U-Boot 1.1.4 (May 03 2009 - 19:19:50)
U-Boot code: 33F80000 -> 33F9BFC8 BSS: -> 33FA00A0
RAM Configuration:
Bank #0: 30000000 64 MB
Flash: 512 kB
NAND: 64 MB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
OK2410 #
OK2410 # ?
? - alias for 'help'
……
mw - memory write (fill)
nand - NAND sub-system //新添加的nand命令，关于该命令的使用，将在后面几小节中介绍
nboot - boot from NAND device
nfs - boot image via network using NFS protocol
……
OK2410 #
三部曲的第二步：linux内核的移植
注意：在进行linux内核的移植之前应该现在宿主机上搭建tftp服务器：
1．tftp的配置文件
[root@localhost Desktop]# gedit /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
1 # default: off
2 # description: The tftp server serves files using t he trivial file transfer \
3 # protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
4 # workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
5 # and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
6 service tftp
7 {
8 socket_type = dgram
9 protocol = udp
10 wait = yes
11 user = root
12 server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
13 server_args = -s /tftpboot
14 disable = no
15 per_source = 11
16 cps = 100 2
17 flags = IPv4
18 }
[root@localhost Desktop]# chmod -R 777 /tftpboot
2．重启tftp服务器
[root@localhost Desktop]# service xinetd restart
停止 xinetd： [确定]
启动 xinetd： [确定]
linux内核的移植
1.所需材料：linux-2.6.14.7.tar.bz2
2．解压linux-2.6.14.7.tar.bz2[root@localhost Desktop]# tar -xjvf linux-2.6.14.7.tar.bz2 -C ./
[root@localhost Desktop]# cd linux-2.6.14.7
3．编辑Makefile文件
[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit Makefile
将
ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH)
CROSS_COMPILE ?=
改为
ARCH ?= arm
CROSS_COMPILE ?= /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux- //注意：这里的复制必须删除到arm-linux-，不需留空个格，否则会出错：
第4、5、6步是对cs8900网卡的移植：
4．复制cs8900
[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# cp ../cs8900/cs8900.c drivers/net/arm/
[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# cp ../cs8900/cs8900.h drivers/net/arm/
5．修改drivers/net/arm/目录下的Kconfig文件[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit drivers/net/arm/Kconfig
在最后添加如下内容：
config ARM_CS8900
tristate "CS8900 support"
depends on NET_ETHERNET && ARM && ARCH_SMDK2410
help
Support for CS8900A chipset based Ethernet cards. If you have a network
(Ethernet) card of this type, say Y and read the Ethernet-HOWTO, available
from as well as .To compile this driver as a module, choose M here and read.
The module will be called cs8900.o.
6．修改drivers/net/arm/目录下的Makefile文件，
[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit drivers/net/arm/Makefile
在文件最后添加如下内容：obj-$(CONFIG_ARM_CS8900) += cs8900.o
7．编辑arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/mach-smdk2410.c文件
[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/mach-smdk2410.c
添加一个头文件
#include
将
static struct map_desc smdk2410_iodesc[] __initdata = {
/* nothing here yet */
};
改为
static struct map_desc smdk2410_iodesc[] __initdata = {
/* nothing here yet */
/* Map the ethernet controller CS8900A */
{ vSMDK2410_ETH_IO, pSMDK2410_ETH_IO, SZ_1M, MT_DEVICE }
};
8．在include/asm-arm/arch-s3c2410/目录下创建smdk2410.h文件[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit include/asm-arm/arch-s3c2410/smdk2410.h
内容如下：
#ifndef _INCLUDE_SMDK2410_H_
#define _INCLUDE_SMDK2410_H_
#include
#define pSMDK2410_ETH_IO 0x19000000
#define vSMDK2410_ETH_IO 0xE0000000
#define SMDK2410_ETH_IRQ IRQ_EINT9
#endif // _INCLUDE_SMDK2410_H_
9．设置Flash分区在此要编辑3个文件：devs.c、mach-smdk2410.c、s3c2410.c：
（1）编辑devs.c文件，指明分区信息
[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.c
添加如下内容/*nand */
#include
#include
#include
/* NAND Controller */
/************************ 建立Nand Flash分区表 ************************/
/* 一个Nand Flash总共64MB, 按如下大小进行分区 */
/*
name：代表分区名字
size：代表Flash分区大小（单位：字节）
offset：代表Flash分区的起始地址（相对于0x0的偏移）
*/
static struct mtd_partition partition_info[] =
{
{ /* 1MB */
name: "bootloader",
size: 0x00100000,
offset: 0x0,
},
{ /* 3MB */
name: "kernel",
size: 0x00300000,
offset: 0x00100000,
},
{ /* 40MB */
name: "root",
size: 0x02800000,
offset: 0x00400000,
},
{ /* 20MB */
name: "user",
size: 0x00f00000,
offset: 0x02d00000,
}
};
/************************ 加入Nand Flash分区 ************************/
/*
nr_partitions：指明partition_info中定义的分区数目
partitions：分区信息表
*/
struct s3c2410_nand_set nandset =
{
nr_partitions: 4, /* the number of partitions */
partitions: partition_info, /* partition table */
};
/************************ 建立Nand Flash芯片支持 ************************/
/*
tacls, twrph0, twrph1的意思见S3C2410手册的63,
这3个值最后会被设置到NFCONF中,见S3C2410手册66.
sets：支持的分区集
nr_set：分区集的个数
*/
struct s3c2410_platform_nand superlpplatform=
{
tacls:0,
twrph0:30,
twrph1:0,
sets: &nandset,
nr_sets: 1,
};
// 注意：要将以上的内容添加到arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.c文件的宏定义之后，不可以直接添加到文件的最后否则后面的执行会出现错误 切记切记.....
修改该文件中s3c_device_nand结构体变量，添加对dev成员的赋值:
struct platform_device s3c_device_nand = {
.name = "s3c2410-nand", /* device name */
.id = -1, /* device id */
.num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(s3c_nand_resource),
.resource = s3c_nand_resource, /* Nand Flash Controller Registers */
.dev = /* Add the Nand Flash device */
{
.platform_data = &superlpplatform
}
};
（2）编辑mach-smdk2410.c文件，指定启动时初始化
[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/mach-smdk2410.c
修改smdk2410_devices[]，指明初始化时，包括前面设置的Flash分区信息:
static struct platform_device *smdk2410_devices[] __initdata = {
&s3c_device_usb,
&s3c_device_lcd,
&s3c_device_wdt,
&s3c_device_i2c,
&s3c_device_iis,
/* 添加如下语句 */
&s3c_device_nand,
}
（3）编辑s3c2410.c文件，禁止Flash ECC校验
[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2410.c
将 chip->eccmode = NAND_ECC_SOFT;
改为 chip->eccmode = NAND_ECC_NONE;
10．配置内核
（1）支持启动时挂载devfs
[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit fs/Kconfig
在语句menu "Pseudo filesystems"后面添加如下语句：
config DEVFS_FS
bool "/dev file system support (OBSOLETE)"
default y
config DEVFS_MOUNT
bool "Automatically mount at boot"
default y
depends on DEVFS_FS
（2）配置内核，产生.config文件
[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# make smdk2410_defconfig
[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# make menuconfig
Loadable module support --->
[*] Enable loadable module support
# 设置内核启动参数
Boot options >
将
(root=1f04 mem=32M) Default kernel command string
改为
noinitrd mem=64M root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200
#说明：
# mtdblock2代表第3个Flash分区，是rootfs
# console=ttySAC0,115200使kernel启动期间的信息全部输出到串口0上
# 2.6内核对于串口的命名改为ttySAC0，但这不影响用户空间的串口编程，用户空间的串口编程针对的仍是/dev/ttyS0等
Floating point emulation --->
[*] NWFPE math emulation
//This is necessary to run most binaries!!!
#接下来要做的是对内核MTD子系统的设置
Device Drivers --->
Memory Technology Devices (MTD) --->
<*> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support
[*] MTD partitioning support
#支持MTD分区，这样我们在前面设置的分区才有意义
[*] Command line partition table parsing
#支持从命令行设置flash分区信息，灵活
RAM/ROM/Flash chip drivers --->
<*> Detect flash chips by Common Flash Interface (CFI) probe
<*> Detect non-CFI AMD/JEDEC-compatible flash chips
[ ] Flash chip driver advanced configuration options
<*> Support for Intel/Sharp flash chips
<*> Support for AMD/Fujitsu flash chips
(0) Retry failed commands (erase/program) (NEW)
< > Support for ST (Advanced Architecture) flash chips
< > Support for RAM chips in bus mapping
<*> Support for ROM chips in bus mapping
< > Support for absent chips in bus mapping
< > XIP aware MTD support
NAND Flash Device Drivers --->
<*> NAND Device Support
<*> NAND Flash support for S3C2410/S3C2440 SoC
# 内核支持从Ramdisk启动
Device Drivers --->
Block devices --->
<*> Loopback device support
<*> Network block device support
<*> RAM disk support
(16) Default number of RAM disks
(4096) Default RAM disk size (kbytes)
[*] Initial RAM disk (initrd) support
# 设置CS8900的支持, 将前面添加的网卡驱动程序，以静态的方式添加到内核中
Device Drivers --->
Network device support --->
Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit) --->
[*] Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit)
<*> CS8900 support
#接下来要做的是对串口的设置
Device Drivers --->
Character devices --->
[*] Non-standard serial port support
[*] S3C2410 RTC Driver
#接下来要做的是针对文件系统的设置
File systems --->
<*> Second extended fs support
<*> ROM file system support #支持romfs
Pseudo filesystems --->
[*] /dev file system support (OBSOLETE)
[*] Automatically mount at boot (NEW)
[*] /proc file system support
[*] Virtual memory file system support (former shm fs)
Miscellaneous filesystems --->
<*> Journalling Flash File System (JFFS) support #支持JFFS
(0) JFFS debugging verbosity (0 = quiet, 3 = noisy) (NEW)
[*] JFFS stats available in /proc filesystem
<*> Journalling Flash File System v2 (JFFS2) support #支持JFFS2
(0) JFFS2 debugging verbosity (0 = quiet, 2 = noisy) (NEW)
[*] JFFS2 write-buffering support (NEW)
[ ] Advanced compression options for JFFS2 (NEW)
<*> Compressed ROM file system support (cramfs) #支持cramfs
Network File Systems --->
<*> NFS file system support
[*] Provide NFSv3 client support
[*] Root file system on NFS
<*> YAFFS2 file system support #支持YAFFS2
--- 512 byte / page devices
[ ] Use older-style on-NAND data format with pageStatus byte (NEW)
[*] Lets Yaffs do its own ECC (NEW)
[*] Use the same ecc byte order as Steven Hill's nand_ecc.c
--- 2048 byte (or larger) / page devices
[*] Autoselect yaffs2 format (NEW)
[*] Disable lazy loading (NEW)
[*] Turn off wide tnodes (NEW)
[*] Force chunk erase check (NEW)
[*] Cache short names in RAM (NEW)
注意：<*> YAFFS2 file system support可能不存在原因是:不支持YAFFS2文件系统 ，必须打补丁才能支持. 11．编译内核，创建uImage，将uImage复制到tftp服务器的根目录（/tftpboot/）
[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# make
……
LD vmlinux
SYSMAP System.map
SYSMAP .tmp_System.map
OBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/Image
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready
AS arch/arm/boot/compressed/head.o
GZIP arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.gz
AS arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.o
CC arch/arm/boot/compressed/misc.o
LD arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux
OBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/zImage
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready
[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# cp arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux ../u-boot-1.1.4/tools/
[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# cd ../u-boot-1.1.4/tools/
[root@localhost tools]# ./mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 30008000 -e 30008000 -n linux-2.6.14.7 -d vmlinux uImage
Image Name: linux-2.6.14.7
Created: Sun May 10 15:16:17 2009
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 1009504 Bytes = 985.84 kB = 0.96 MB
Load Address: 0x30008000
Entry Point: 0x30008000
[root@localhost tools]# cp uImage ../
[root@localhost tools]# cp initrd.img ../
[root@localhost tools]# cp uImage /tftpboot/
[root@localhost tools]# cp initrd.img /tftpboot/
[root@localhost tools]# cp ../u-boot.bin /tftpboot/
[root@localhost tools]# cp initrd.img /tmp/nfs/
[root@localhost tools]# iptables -F
[root@localhost tools]# cd ..
12．执行skyeye1.2.6，通过u-boot-1.1.4引导linux-2.6.14.7
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6
**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate
your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,
you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.
***********************************************************************
Your elf file is little endian.
arch: arm
cpu info: armv4, arm920t, 41009200, ff00fff0, 2
mach info: name s3c2410x, mach_init addr 0x806bae0
ethmod num=1, mac addr=8:0:3e:26:a:5b, hostip=10.0.0.1
nandflash: dump ./nand.dump
file size:69206016
dbct info: turn on dbct!
uart_mod:0, desc_in:, desc_out:, converter:
SKYEYE: use arm920t mmu ops
Loaded RAM ./u-boot.bin
ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000000) = 0x00ffffff
ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000008) = 0x00048032
U-Boot 1.1.4 (May 11 2009 - 11:46:42)
U-Boot code: 33F80000 -> 33F9C20C BSS: -> 33FA02E8
RAM Configuration:
Bank #0: 30000000 64 MB
Flash: 512 kB
NAND: 64 MB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
OK2410 # printenv
bootargs=noinitrd root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.1:/tmp/nfs ip=10.0.0.110:10.0.0.1:10.0.0.1:255.255.255.0 init=linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200 mem=64M
bootcmd=tftp 0x31000000 uImage;bootm 0x31000000 //要记住该环境变量，后面的实例中会用到
bootdelay=3
baudrate=115200
ipaddr=10.0.0.110
serverip=10.0.0.1
netmask=255.255.255.0
stdin=serial
stdout=serial
stderr=serial
ethaddr=08:00:3E:26:0A:5B
Environment size: 341/65532 bytes
OK2410 #
OK2410 # setenv bootargs noinitrd mem=64M root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200
OK2410 # tftp 0x31000000 uImage
OK2410 # bootm 31000000
## Booting image at 31000000 ...
Image Name: linux-2.6.14.7
Created: 2009-05-10 14:48:03 UTC
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 1009504 Bytes = 985.8 kB
Load Address: 30008000
Entry Point: 30008000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
OK
Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux.................................................................... done, booting the kernel.
Error: unrecognized/unsupported machine ID (r1 = 0x00000000). //出现错误
Available machine support:
ID (hex) NAME
000000c1 SMDK2410
Please check your kernel config and/or bootloader.
解决方法：[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit arch/arm/kernel/head.S
ENTRY(stext)
/************ me add begin ************/
mov r0, #0
mov r1, #0xc1
ldr r2, =0x30000100
/************ me add end ************/
msr cpsr_c, #PSR_F_BIT | PSR_I_BIT | MODE_SVC @ ensure svc mode
@ and irqs disabled
bl __lookup_processor_type @ r5=procinfo r9=cpuid
movs r10, r5 @ invalid processor (r5=0)?
beq __error_p @ yes, error 'p'
bl __lookup_machine_type @ r5=machinfo
movs r8, r5 @ invalid machine (r5=0)?
beq __error_a @ yes, error 'a'
bl __create_page_tables
重新进行第11、12步的操作：
（1）将NAND Flash（/dev/mtdblock2）作为根文件系统
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6
**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate
your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,
you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.
***********************************************************************
Your elf file is little endian.
arch: arm
cpu info: armv4, arm920t, 41009200, ff00fff0, 2
mach info: name s3c2410x, mach_init addr 0x806bae0
ethmod num=1, mac addr=8:0:3e:26:a:5b, hostip=10.0.0.1
nandflash: dump ./nand.dump
file size:69206016
dbct info: turn on dbct!
uart_mod:0, desc_in:, desc_out:, converter:
SKYEYE: use arm920t mmu ops
Loaded RAM ./u-boot.bin
ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000000) = 0x00ffffff
ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000008) = 0x00048032
U-Boot 1.1.4 (May 11 2009 - 11:46:42)
U-Boot code: 33F80000 -> 33F9C20C BSS: -> 33FA02E8
RAM Configuration:
Bank #0: 30000000 64 MB
Flash: 512 kB
NAND: 64 MB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
OK2410 # printenv
bootargs=noinitrd root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.1:/tmp/nfs ip=10.0.0.110:10.0.0.1:10.0.0.1:255.255.255.0 init=linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200 mem=64M
bootcmd=tftp 0x31000000 uImage;bootm 0x31000000 //要记住该环境变量，后面的实例中会用到
bootdelay=3
baudrate=115200
ipaddr=10.0.0.110
serverip=10.0.0.1
netmask=255.255.255.0
stdin=serial
stdout=serial
stderr=serial
ethaddr=08:00:3E:26:0A:5B
Environment size: 341/65532 bytes
OK2410 #
OK2410 # setenv bootargs noinitrd mem=64M root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200
OK2410 # tftp 0x31000000 uImage
OK2410 # bootm 31000000
## Booting image at 31000000 ...
Image Name: linux-2.6.14.7
Created: 2009-05-10 14:48:03 UTC
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 1009504 Bytes = 985.8 kB
Load Address: 30008000
Entry Point: 30008000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
OK
Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux................................................................ done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.14.7 (root@localhost.localdomain) (gcc version 3.4.1) #1 Sun May 10 15:13:57 CST 2009
CPU: ARM920Tid(wb) [41009200] revision 0 (ARMvundefined/unknown)
Machine: SMDK2410
Warning: bad configuration page, trying to continue
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2410 (id 0x32410000)
S3C2410: core 202.800 MHz, memory 101.400 MHz, peripheral 50.700 MHz
S3C2410 Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
CPU0: D VIVT write-back cache
CPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
CPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
Built 1 zonelists
Kernel command line: noinitrd mem=64M root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200
irq: clearing pending status 00004000
irq: clearing pending status 00008000
irq: clearing pending status 00800000
irq: clearing pending status 10000000
irq: clearing subpending status 00000093
PID hash table entries: 512 (order: 9, 8192 bytes)
timer tcon=00500000, tcnt a509, tcfg 00000200,00000000, usec 00001e4c
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Memory: 64MB = 64MB total
Memory: 62720KB available (1635K code, 321K data, 92K init)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
softlockup thread 0 started up.
NET: Registered protocol family 16
S3C2410: Initialising architecture
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)
devfs: 2004-01-31 Richard Gooch (rgooch@atnf.csiro.au)
devfs: boot_options: 0x1
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 80x25
fb0: Virtual frame buffer device, using 1024K of video memory
S3C2410 RTC, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2410
s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2410
s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2410
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler anticipatory registered
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize
Cirrus Logic CS8900A driver for Linux (Modified for SMDK2410)
eth0: CS8900A rev D at 0xe0000300 irq=53, no eeprom , addr: 08: 0:3E:26:0A:5B
S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-nand: mapped registers at c4980000
s3c2410-nand: timing: Tacls 10ns, Twrph0 30ns, Twrph1 10ns
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x76 (Samsung NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
NAND_ECC_NONE selected by board driver. This is not recommended !!
Scanning device for bad blocks
Creating 4 MTD partitions on "NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit":
0x00000000-0x00100000 : "bootloader"
0x00100000-0x00400000 : "kernel"
0x00400000-0x02c00000 : "root"
0x02d00000-0x03c00000 : "user"
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)
TCP reno registered
TCP bic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
Reading data from NAND FLASH without ECC is not recommended
Reading data from NAND FLASH without ECC is not recommended
Reading data from NAND FLASH without ECC is not recommended
Reading data from NAND FLASH without ECC is not recommended
....................//错误，因为mtdblock2中还没有文件系统
（2）通过NFS访问文件系统
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6
**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate
your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,
you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.
***********************************************************************
…… //部分启动信息省略
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
OK2410 # tftp 0x31000000 uImage
TFTP from server 10.0.0.1; our IP address is 10.0.0.110
Filename 'uImage'.
Load address: 0x31000000
Loading:
…… //部分信息省略
done
Bytes transferred = 1009568 (f67a0 hex)
OK2410 # bootm 31000000
…… //部分信息省略
OK
Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux................................................................ done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.14.7 (root@localhost.localdomain) (gcc version 3.4.1) #1 Sun May 10 15:13:57 CST 2009
CPU: ARM920Tid(wb) [41009200] revision 0 (ARMvundefined/unknown)
Machine: SMDK2410
…… //部分信息省略
Kernel command line: noinitrd root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.1:/tmp/nfs ip=10.0.0.110:10.0.0.1:10.0.0.1:255.255.255.0 init=linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200 mem=64M
…… //部分信息省略
Creating 4 MTD partitions on "NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit":
0x00000000-0x00100000 : "bootloader"
0x00100000-0x00400000 : "kernel"
0x00400000-0x02c00000 : "root"
0x02d00000-0x03c00000 : "user"
…… //部分信息省略
NET: Registered protocol family 1
IP-Config: Complete:
device=eth0, addr=10.0.0.110, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=10.0.0.1,
host=10.0.0.110, domain=, nis-domain=(none),
bootserver=10.0.0.1, rootserver=10.0.0.1, rootpath=
Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 10.0.0.1
Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 10.0.0.1
VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem).
Mounted devfs on /dev
Freeing init memory: 92K
Failed to execute linuxrc. Attempting defaults...
Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel.
//错误，原因可能是NFS文件系统没有准备好，或者是防火墙，
三部曲的第三步： 根文件系统的移植
注意：目标板的跟文件系统是通过nfs远程加载的，因此在根文件系统移植前必须要先搭建nfs服务器：
NFS服务器的搭建：
1．查看NFS服务器是否启动
[root@localhost Desktop]# service nfs status 如果是关闭的那麽
2．启动NFS服务器
[root@localhost Desktop]# service nfs start
启动 NFS 服务： [确定]
关掉 NFS 配额： [确定]
启动 NFS 守护进程： [确定]
启动 NFS mountd： [确定]
3．NFS服务器的配置文件/etc/exports
[root@localhost Desktop]# gedit /etc/exports
文件内容如下：/tmp/nfs *(rw,sync)
4．创建共享目录
[root@localhost Desktop]# mkdir -p /tmp/nfs/temp
5．使前面新的设置生效
[root@localhost Desktop]# exportfs -rv
[root@localhost Desktop]# showmount -e //显示NFS服务器的输出目录列表
[root@localhost Desktop]# showmount -d //显示NFS服务器中被挂载的共享目录
6．在客户端挂载NFS共享目录（NFS的IP地址是10.0.0.11）
[root@localhost ~]# mount -t nfs 10.0.0.11:/tmp/nfs/ /mnt/tmp/
//注意：在挂载共享目录之前，应该先在u-boot下运行skyeye，并且要注意主机的ip地址；
[root@localhost ~]# touch /mnt/tmp/exam.txt
touch: 无法触碰 “/mnt/tmp/exam.txt”: 权限不够
解决方法：[root@localhost Desktop]# chmod a+w /tmp/nfs/temp
根文件系统的移植
1.所需材料：busybox-1.13.4.tar.bz2
2．解压busybox-1.13.4.tar.bz2
[root@localhost Desktop]# tar -xjvf busybox-1.13.4.tar.bz2 -C ./
[root@localhost Desktop]# cd busybox-1.13.4
3．编辑Makefile文件
[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# gedit Makefile
将
CROSS_COMPILE ?=
改为
CROSS_COMPILE ?=/usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-
将
ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH)
改为
ARCH ?= arm
4．进行默认配置
[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# make defconfig
5．对配置信息进行修改
[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# make menuconfig
HOSTLD scripts/kconfig/mconf
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/checklist.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/inputbox.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/lxdialog.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/menubox.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/msgbox.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/textbox.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/util.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/yesno.o
HOSTLD scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/lxdialog
scripts/kconfig/mconf Config.in
在TUI界面中进行如下配置：
检查Miscellaneous Utilities--->
taskset 是否去除
同时设置如下：
Busybox Settings --->
Build Options --->
[*]Build BusyBox as a static binry (no shared libs) //选用静态连接
[*]Build with Large File Support (for accessing files > 2 GB)
(/usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-) Cross Compiler prefix
Installation Options --->
[*] Don't use /usr
(./_install) BusyBox installation prefix //安装路径
Busybox Library Tuning --->
(6) Minimum password length
(2) MD5: Trade Bytes for Speed
[*] Faster /proc scanning code (+100 bytes)
[ ] Support for /etc/networks
[*] Command line editing
(1024) Maximum length of input
[*] vi-style line editing commands
(15) History size
[*] History saving
[*] Tab completion
[*] Username completion
[*] Fancy shell prompts //Setting this option allows for prompts to use things like \w and
// \$ and escape codes.
[ ] Give more precise messages when copy fails (cp, mv etc)
(4) Copy buffer size, in kilobytes
[ ] Use clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) syscall
[*] Use ioctl names rather than hex values in error messages
[*] Support infiniband HW
6．编译
[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# make
......
CC networking/inetd.o
CC networking/interface.o
networking/interface.c:818: error: `ARPHRD_INFINIBAND' undeclared here (not in a function)
networking/interface.c:818: error: initializer element is not constant
networking/interface.c:818: error: (near initialization for `ib_hwtype.type')
make[1]: *** [networking/interface.o] 错误 1
make: *** [networking] 错误 2
解决方法：[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# gedit networking/interface.c
将networking/interface.c文件的818行修改为“.type = -1”。
再次编译：[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# make
......
CC util-linux/volume_id/volume_id.o
CC util-linux/volume_id/xfs.o
AR util-linux/volume_id/lib.a
LINK busybox_unstripped
Trying libraries: crypt m
Library crypt is not needed, excluding it
Library m is needed, can't exclude it (yet)
Final link with: m
DOC busybox.pod
DOC BusyBox.txt
DOC BusyBox.1
DOC BusyBox.html
[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# make install
如果成功，会出现如下信息：
--------------------------------------------------
You will probably need to make your busybox binary
setuid root to ensure all configured applets will
work properly.
--------------------------------------------------
解决办法修改_install/bin/busybox文件的属性：
[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# chmod 4755 ./_install/bin/busybox
7．对配置信息进行修改（1）在/tmp/nfs中创建所需的目录
[root@localhost nfs]# mkdir -p bin sbin lib/modules etc/init.d dev usr/bin usr/sbin usr/lib proc sys home root boot mnt/etc mnt/jffs2 mnt/yaffs mnt/data mnt/temp var/lib var/lock var/log var/run var/tmp tmp
[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 1777 tmp
[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 1777 var/tmp
[root@localhost nfs]# cd dev/
[root@localhost dev]# mknod -m 600 console c 5 1
[root@localhost dev]# mknod -m 666 null c 1 3
（2）复制文件到/tmp/nfs中
[root@localhost _install]# cp -a bin /tmp/nfs/
[root@localhost _install]# cp -a sbin /tmp/nfs/
[root@localhost _install]# cp -a linuxrc /tmp/nfs/
[root@localhost _install]# cd ..
[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# cp -a examples/bootfloppy/etc/* /tmp/nfs/etc/
8．创建配置文件
（1）编写etc/inittab文件、修改其权限
[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/inittab
文件内容如下：
::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS #指定系统初始化脚本文件
::respawn:-/bin/login #加上-语句会在登陆终端之后调用/etc/目录下的profile文件
::restart:/sbin/init #指定系统重启时执行的初始化程序
tty0::respawn:-/bin/login
::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r #指定关机时执行的操
::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a
[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 755 etc/inittab
（2）编写etc/init.d/rcS文件、修改其权限
[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/init.d/rcS
文件内容如下：#!/bin/sh
# mount all filesystem defined in "fstab"
echo "#mount all......."
/bin/mount -a
/bin/mknod -m 600 /dev/console c 5 1
/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/null c 1 3
/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/tty0 c 4 0
/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock0 b 31 0
/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock1 b 31 1
/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock2 b 31 2
/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock3 b 31 3
#/bin/mount -t ext2 /dev/mtdblock3 /mnt/temp/
echo "******************************************************************"
echo " OK 2410 Rootfs made by ztg, 2009.05"
echo "******************************************************************"
[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 755 etc/init.d/rcS
（3）编写etc/fstab文件、修改其权限
[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/fstab
文件内容如下：
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
none /tmp ramfs defaults 0 0
mdev /dev ramfs defaults 0 0
[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 755 etc/fstab
（4）编写etc/proflie文件、修改其权限
[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/proflie
文件内容如下：
# /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shells
echo
echo -n "Processing /etc/profile... "
# no-op
# Set search library path
echo "Set search library path in /etc/profile"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib
# Set user path
echo "Set user path in /etc/profile"
export PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin #设置命令搜索路径
export HISTSIZE=100
export PS1='[\u@\h \W]\$ '
alias ll='ls -l'
#/sbin/ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.22 netmask 255.255.255.0
/sbin/ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1
echo "Configure net done"
echo "All Done"
Echo
（5）创建密码文件、修改其权限
[root@localhost nfs]# cp /etc/passwd etc/ ;cp /etc/shadow etc/ ;cp /etc/group etc/
[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 600 etc/shadow
[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/passwd
内容是：root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/sh
[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/shadow
内容是：root:$1$zs2zr2N4$15U99ll5tUm3DwOvKnCVV1:14335:0:99999:7:::
[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/group
内容是：root:x:0:root
（6）为mdev创建配置文件
[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/mdev.conf
内容是：空
（7）删除备份文件
[root@localhost nfs]# rm etc/*~ etc/init.d/*
9．复制常用的库文件
编写脚本文件copy_lib.sh。
[root@localhost nfs]# gedit copy_lib.sh
文件内容如下：
#!/bin/bash
#You should put this file cp.sh in /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/arm-linux/lib/
ROOTFS_LIB=/tmp/nfs/lib/
for file in libc libcrypt libdl libm libpthread libresolv libutil
do
cp $file-*.so ${ROOTFS_LIB}
cp -d $file.so.[*0-9] ${ROOTFS_LIB}
done
cp -d ld*.so* ${ROOTFS_LIB}
[root@localhost nfs]# chmod a+x copy_lib.sh
[root@localhost nfs]# cp copy_lib.sh /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/arm-linux/lib/
[root@localhost nfs]# cd /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/arm-linux/lib/
[root@localhost lib]# ./copy_lib.sh
[root@localhost lib]# cd -
10．完整的启动过程（u-boot、内核、文件系统）
（1）编辑/etc/xinetd.d/tftp文件
[root@localhost Desktop]# gedit /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
tftp文件内容如下：
1 # default: off
2 # description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
3 # protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
4 # workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
5 # and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
6 service tftp
7 {
8 socket_type = dgram
9 protocol = udp
10 wait = yes
11 user = root
12 server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
13 server_args = -s /tftpboot
14 disable = no
15 per_source = 11
16 cps = 100 2
17 flags = IPv4
18 }
（2）重启tftp服务器
[root@localhost Desktop]# service xinetd restart
（3）编辑/etc/exports文件
[root@localhost Desktop]# gedit /etc/exports
exports文件内容如下：
/tmp/nfs *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)
（4）重启NFS服务器
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# service nfs restart
关闭 NFS mountd： [确定]
关闭 NFS 守护进程： [确定]
关闭 NFS quotas： [确定]
关闭 NFS 服务： [确定]
启动 NFS 服务： [确定]
关掉 NFS 配额： [确定]
启动 NFS 守护进程： [确定]
启动 NFS mountd： [确定]
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# exportfs
/tmp/nfs
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# exportfs -ra //重新扫描配置文件
（5）完整的启动过程（u-boot、内核、文件系统、用户程序），使用NFS文件系统
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6
**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate
your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,
you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.
***********************************************************************
…… //部分启动信息省略
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
OK2410 # run bootcmd
TFTP from server 10.0.0.1; our IP address is 10.0.0.110
Filename 'uImage'.
Load address: 0x31000000
Loading: checksum bad
//注意：如果到这里老是出现大写的T T T T T T 表明tftp没有搭建好，此时可以重新搭建一下tftp服务器，如果还出现错误，这时候可能是防火墙的原因，可以执行 iptables －F 关闭防火墙。
checksum bad
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
################################
done
Bytes transferred = 1161416 (11b8c8 hex)
## Booting image at 31000000 ...
Image Name: linux-2.6.14.7
Created: 2009-05-24 11:22:39 UTC
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 1161352 Bytes = 1.1 MB
Load Address: 30008000
Entry Point: 30008000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
OK
Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux.......................................................................... done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.14.7 (root@localhost.localdomain) (gcc version 3.4.1) #6 Sun May 24 19:22:08 CST 2009
CPU: ARM920Tid(wb) [41009200] revision 0 (ARMvundefined/unknown)
Machine: SMDK2410
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2410 (id 0x32410000)
S3C2410: core 202.800 MHz, memory 101.400 MHz, peripheral 50.700 MHz
S3C2410 Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
CPU0: D VIVT write-back cache
CPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
CPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
Built 1 zonelists
Kernel command line: noinitrd root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.1:/tmp/nfs ip=10.0.0.110:10.0.0.1:10.0.0.1:255.255.255.0 init=linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200 mem=64M
…… //部分启动信息省略
Memory: 64MB = 64MB total
Memory: 62464KB available (1888K code, 393K data, 92K init)
…… //部分启动信息省略
JFFS version 1.0, (C) 1999, 2000 Axis Communications AB
JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) (C) 2001-2003 Red Hat, Inc.
yaffs May 24 2009 19:21:42 Installing.
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 80x25
fb0: Virtual frame buffer device, using 1024K of video memory
…… //部分启动信息省略
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize
Cirrus Logic CS8900A driver for Linux (Modified for SMDK2410)
eth0: CS8900A rev D at 0xe0000300 irq=53, no eeprom , addr: 08: 0:3E:26:0A:5B
S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-nand: mapped registers at c4980000
s3c2410-nand: timing: Tacls 10ns, Twrph0 30ns, Twrph1 10ns
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x76 (Samsung NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
NAND_ECC_NONE selected by board driver. This is not recommended !!
Scanning device for bad blocks
Bad eraseblock 7 at 0x0001c000
Creating 4 MTD partitions on "NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit":
0x00000000-0x00100000 : "bootloader"
0x00100000-0x00400000 : "kernel"
0x00400000-0x02c00000 : "root"
0x02d00000-0x03c00000 : "user"
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
NET: Registered protocol family 2
…… //部分启动信息省略
IP-Config: Complete:
device=eth0, addr=10.0.0.110, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=10.0.0.1,
host=10.0.0.110, domain=, nis-domain=(none),
bootserver=10.0.0.1, rootserver=10.0.0.1, rootpath=
Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 10.0.0.1
Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 10.0.0.1
VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem).
Mounted devfs on /dev
//注意：如果到这里出现mount_devfs_fs(): unable to mount devfs, err: -2错误信息，表示不支持nfs文件系统，此时应该搭建nfs服务器解决。
Freeing init memory: 92K
#mount all.......
******************************************************************
OK 2410 Rootfs made by ztg, 2009.05
******************************************************************
ztg login: root
如果此时示让输入密码，那麽可以执行：[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/passwd
内容是：root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/sh 把x删除掉即可
ztg login: root
login[25]: root login on 'console'
Processing /etc/profile... Set search library path in /etc/profile
Set user path in /etc/profile
Configure net done
All Done
[root@10 root]#
（6）完整的启动过程（u-boot、内核、文件系统），使用/dev/mtdblock2中的文件系统
① 创建cramfs文件系统
[root@localhost tmp]# mkfs.cramfs nfs ok2410.cramfs
② 复制ok2410.cramfs到tftp服务器根目录
[root@localhost tmp]# cp ok2410.cramfs /tftpboot/
③ 执行skyeye1.2.6，启动系统
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6
**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate
your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,
you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.
***********************************************************************
…… //部分启动信息省略
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
OK2410 # tftp 0x31000000 ok2410.cramfs
TFTP from server 10.0.0.1; our IP address is 10.0.0.110
Filename 'ok2410.cramfs'.
Load address: 0x31000000
Loading: checksum bad
############checksum bad
#####################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#######################################
done
Bytes transferred = 2195456 (218000 hex)
OK2410 # nand erase 400000 300000
NAND erase: device 0 offset 4194304, size 3145728 ... OK
OK2410 # nand write 31000000 400000 0x218000
NAND write: device 0 offset 4194304, size 2195456 ... 2195456 bytes written: OK
OK2410 # setenv bootargs noinitrd mem=64M root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200
OK2410 # run bootcmd
…… //启动信息省略
尾声序：nfs是Ram上的文件系统，必须通过借用tftp和nfs服务器进行远程挂载，属于内核文件系统，他的使用分为服务器端和客户端：服务器端提供要共享的文件，客户端通过挂载来实现对共享文件的访问；
jffs/jffs2是开源的日志文件系统，最适合在Flash芯片上使用，因此他们存在于nand flash，相当于硬盘文件系统，可以自行加载到内核，无须借助载体；
建立jffs2文件系统：
1．所需要的资料：mtd-snapshot-20050519.tar.bz2
2．解压、编译、安装MTD工具包[root@localhost Desktop]# tar -xjvf mtd-snapshot-20050519.tar.bz2 -C ./
[root@localhost Desktop]# cd mtd/util
[root@localhost util]# make
[root@localhost util]# cp mkfs.jffs /bin/
[root@localhost util]# cp mkfs.jffs2 /bin/
3．制作jffs2文件系统
[root@localhost tftpboot]# mkfs.jffs2 -r /tmp/nfs -o rootfs.jffs2 -e 0x4000 --pad=0x800000 -n
4．下载、烧写、挂载jffs2根文件系统
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# iptables -F
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6
**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate
your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,
you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.
***********************************************************************
Your elf file is little endian.
arch: arm
cpu info: armv4, arm920t, 41009200, ff00fff0, 2
mach info: name s3c2410x, mach_init addr 0x806bae0
ethmod num=1, mac addr=8:0:3e:26:a:5b, hostip=10.0.0.1
nandflash: dump ./nand.dump
file size:69206016
dbct info: turn on dbct!
uart_mod:0, desc_in:, desc_out:, converter:
SKYEYE: use arm920t mmu ops
Loaded RAM ./u-boot.bin
U-Boot 1.1.4 (May 24 2009 - 11:07:49)
U-Boot code: 33F80000 -> 33F9C304 BSS: -> 33FA03E0
RAM Configuration:
Bank #0: 30000000 64 MB
Flash: 512 kB
NAND: 64 MB
*** Warning - bad CRC or NAND, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
OK2410 # tftp 0x31000000 rootfs.jffs2 //将根文件系统映像文件下载到开发板中内存的0x31000000地址处
TFTP from server 10.0.0.1; our IP address is 10.0.0.110
Filename 'rootfs.jffs2'.
Load address: 0x31000000
Loading: checksum bad
checksum bad
#################################################################
#################################################################
##############
done
Bytes transferred = 8388608 (800000 hex)
OK2410 # nand erase 2d00000 800000 //擦写，2d000000是MTD第4个分区的起始地址，80000000（8MB）表示大小
NAND erase: device 0 offset 47185920, size 8388608 ... OK
OK2410 # nand write 31000000 2d00000 0x800000; setenv bootargs noinitrd mem=64M root=/dev/mtdblock3 rootfstype=jffs2 rw init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200; run bootcmd
//上面两行共3条命令，由分号隔开。nand write命令将rootfs.jffs2烧写到NAND Flash的第4个分区；setenv命令设置内核启动参数，注意root=/dev/mtdblock3，表示Linux内核将挂载NAND Flash的第4个分区中的文件系统；第3条命令中的bootcmd=tftp 0x31000000 uImage;bootm 0x31000000，表示先执行tftp 0x31000000 uImage命令，将内核映像下载到开发板中内存的0x31000000地址处，然后执行bootm 0x31000000命令启动内核。
//注意：对NAND Flash烧写（nand write）之前，一定要先擦写（nand erase）
NAND write: device 0 offset 47185920, size 8388608 ... 8388608 bytes written: OK
TFTP from server 10.0.0.1; our IP address is 10.0.0.110
Filename 'uImage'.
Load address: 0x31000000
Loading: #################################################################
################################
done
Bytes transferred = 1161416 (11b8c8 hex)
## Booting image at 31000000 ...
Image Name: linux-2.6.14.7
Created: 2009-05-24 11:22:39 UTC
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 1161352 Bytes = 1.1 MB
Load Address: 30008000
Entry Point: 30008000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
OK
Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux.......................................................................... done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.14.7 (root@localhost.localdomain) (gcc version 3.4.1) #6 Sun May 24 19:22:08 CST 2009
CPU: ARM920Tid(wb) [41009200] revision 0 (ARMvundefined/unknown)
Machine: SMDK2410
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2410 (id 0x32410000)
S3C2410: core 202.800 MHz, memory 101.400 MHz, peripheral 50.700 MHz
S3C2410 Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
CPU0: D VIVT write-back cache
CPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
CPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
Built 1 zonelists
Kernel command line: noinitrd mem=64M root=/dev/mtdblock3 rootfstype=jffs2 rw init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200
…… //部分启动信息省略
Memory: 64MB = 64MB total
Memory: 62464KB available (1888K code, 393K data, 92K init)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
softlockup thread 0 started up.
NET: Registered protocol family 16
S3C2410: Initialising architecture
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)
devfs: 2004-01-31 Richard Gooch (rgooch@atnf.csiro.au)
devfs: boot_options: 0x1
JFFS version 1.0, (C) 1999, 2000 Axis Communications AB
JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) (C) 2001-2003 Red Hat, Inc.
yaffs May 24 2009 19:21:42 Installing.
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 80x25
…… //部分启动信息省略
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize
Cirrus Logic CS8900A driver for Linux (Modified for SMDK2410)
eth0: CS8900A rev D at 0xe0000300 irq=53, no eeprom , addr: 08: 0:3E:26:0A:5B
S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-nand: mapped registers at c4980000
s3c2410-nand: timing: Tacls 10ns, Twrph0 30ns, Twrph1 10ns
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x76 (Samsung NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
NAND_ECC_NONE selected by board driver. This is not recommended !!
Scanning device for bad blocks
Bad eraseblock 7 at 0x0001c000
Creating 4 MTD partitions on "NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit":
0x00000000-0x00100000 : "bootloader"
0x00100000-0x00400000 : "kernel"
0x00400000-0x02c00000 : "root"
0x02d00000-0x03c00000 : "user"
…… //部分启动信息省略
VFS: Mounted root (jffs2 filesystem). //挂载根文件系统
Mounted devfs on /dev
Freeing init memory: 92K
#mount all.......
******************************************************************
OK 2410 Rootfs made by ztg, 2009.05
******************************************************************
(none) login: root
Processing /etc/profile... Set search library path in /etc/profile
Set user path in /etc/profile
Configure net done
All Done
[root@(none) /root]#
http://blog.chinaunix.net/space.php?uid=14735472&do=blog&id=110947
