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分类: 网络与安全

2015-06-03 15:30:28

admin@jr1# set route 10.0.0.4/32 ? //此处标识路由前缀
Possible completions:
  active               Remove inactive route from forwarding table
+ apply-groups         Groups from which to inherit configuration data
+ apply-groups-except  Don't inherit configuration data from these groups
> as-path              Autonomous system path
  backup-pe-group      Multicast source redundancy group
> bfd-liveness-detection  Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) options
> color                Color (preference) value
> color2               Color (preference) value 2
+ community            BGP community identifier
  discard              Drop packets to destination; send no ICMP unreachables
  install              Install route into forwarding table
> lsp-next-hop         LSP next hop
> metric               Metric value
> metric2              Metric value 2
> metric3              Metric value 3
> metric4              Metric value 4
+ next-hop             Next hop to destination
  next-table           Next hop to another table
  no-install           Don't install route into forwarding table
  no-readvertise       Don't mark route as eligible to be readvertised
  no-resolve           Don't allow resolution of indirectly connected next hops
  no-retain            Don't always keep route in forwarding table
> p2mp-lsp-next-hop    Point-to-multipoint LSP next hop
  passive              Retain inactive route in forwarding table
> preference           Preference value
> preference2          Preference value 2
> qualified-next-hop   Next hop with qualifiers
  readvertise          Mark route as eligible to be readvertised
  receive              Install a receive route for the destination
  reject               Drop packets to destination; send ICMP unreachables
  resolve              Allow resolution of indirectly connected next hops
  retain               Always keep route in forwarding table
> static-lsp-next-hop  Static LSP next hop
> tag                  Tag string
> tag2                 Tag string 2
[edit routing-options static]
admin@jr1#



各种属性解释:
  active               Remove inactive route from forwarding table
  passive              Retain inactive route in forwarding table
active 表示如果下一跳可达就下发该路由表,下一跳不可达就不下发,静态路由的缺省选项。passive表示即使下一跳不可达也装入路由表,此时装入路由表的是reject状态的路由。
admin@jr1# show
route 10.0.0.4/32 {
    next-hop 1.2.3.4;
    passive;
}

[edit routing-options static]
admin@jr1# run show route

inet.0: 6 destinations, 6 routes (6 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both

10.0.0.1/32        *[Direct/0] 4d 23:31:58
                    > via lo0.0
10.0.0.4/32        *[Static/5] 00:03:41
                      Reject
10.123.0.0/24      *[Direct/0] 4d 23:31:58
                    > via ge-1/3/0.100
10.123.0.1/32      *[Local/0] 4d 23:31:58
                      Local via ge-1/3/0.100
192.168.0.0/24     *[Direct/0] 4d 22:26:20
                    > via fxp0.0
192.168.0.1/32     *[Local/0] 4d 22:26:20
                      Local via fxp0.0

[edit routing-options static]
admin@jr1# run show pfe route ip    


IPv4 Route Table 0, default.0, 0x0:
Destination   NH IP Addr      Type     NH ID Interface
------------  --------------- -------- ----- ---------
default                                             Reject    36 RT-ifl 0
0.0.0.0                                            Discard    34 RT-ifl 0
10.0.0.1                          10.0.0.1           Local   538 RT-ifl 0
10.0.0.4                                            Reject    36 RT-ifl 0
10.123.0/24                                        Resolve   537 RT-ifl 67 ge-1/3/0.100 ifl 67
10.123.0.0                        10.123.0.0          Recv   535 RT-ifl 67 ge-1/3/0.100 ifl 67
10.123.0.1                        10.123.0.1         Local   536 RT-ifl 0
10.123.0.2                        10.123.0.2       Unicast   540 RT-ifl 67 ge-1/3/0.100 ifl 67
10.123.0.3                        10.123.0.3       Unicast   539 RT-ifl 67 ge-1/3/0.100 ifl 67
10.123.0.255                                         Bcast   534 RT-ifl 67 ge-1/3/0.100 ifl 67
192.168.0/24                                       Resolve   343 RT-ifl 4 fxp0.0 ifl 4
192.168.0.1                       192.168.0.1        Local   342 RT-ifl 0
224/4                                             mdiscard    35 RT-ifl 0
224.0.0.1                                            Mcast    31 RT-ifl 0
255.255.255.255                                      Bcast    32 RT-ifl 0

 as-path              Autonomous system path
community            BGP community identifier
 tag                  Tag string
 tag2                 Tag string 2
给静态路由加上述额外的属性,引入到其他动态路由协议的时候携带

 bfd-liveness-detection  Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) options
//配置对下一跳的BFD检测(好像不能配成ECHO模式,需要对端也配置)

 color                Color (preference) value
 color2               Color (preference) value 2
//配置color标记,但目前不知何用

  discard              Drop packets to destination; send no ICMP unreachables
  reject               Drop packets to destination; send ICMP unreachables
//配置该路由条目的动作为丢包,discard是直接丢弃,reject是丢弃后回复icmp不可达报文

  install              Install route into forwarding table
  no-install           Don't install route into forwarding table
//配置是否将路由下发到pfe表,install为缺省属性下发,no-install为路由只加入到路由表而不下发到PFE表(相当于路由不生效,无法指导转发)
admin@jr1# show
route 10.0.0.4/32 {
    next-hop 10.123.0.2;
    no-install;
}

[edit routing-options static]
admin@jr1# run show route

inet.0: 6 destinations, 6 routes (6 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both

10.0.0.1/32        *[Direct/0] 6d 23:09:23
                    > via lo0.0
10.0.0.4/32        *[Static/5] 00:01:03
                    > to 10.123.0.2 via ge-1/3/0.100
10.123.0.0/24      *[Direct/0] 6d 23:09:23
                    > via ge-1/3/0.100
10.123.0.1/32      *[Local/0] 6d 23:09:23
                      Local via ge-1/3/0.100
192.168.0.0/24     *[Direct/0] 6d 22:03:45
                    > via fxp0.0
192.168.0.1/32     *[Local/0] 6d 22:03:45
                      Local via fxp0.0

[edit routing-options static]
admin@jr1# run show pfe route ip table index 0

IPv4 Route Table 0, default.0, 0x0:
Destination   NH IP Addr      Type     NH ID Interface
------------  --------------- -------- ----- ---------
default                                             Reject    36 RT-ifl 0
0.0.0.0                                            Discard    34 RT-ifl 0
10.0.0.1                          10.0.0.1           Local   538 RT-ifl 0
10.123.0/24                                        Resolve   537 RT-ifl 67 ge-1/3/0.100 ifl 67
10.123.0.0                        10.123.0.0          Recv   535 RT-ifl 67 ge-1/3/0.100 ifl 67
10.123.0.1                        10.123.0.1         Local   536 RT-ifl 0
10.123.0.2                        10.123.0.2       Unicast   540 RT-ifl 67 ge-1/3/0.100 ifl 67
10.123.0.3                        10.123.0.3       Unicast   539 RT-ifl 67 ge-1/3/0.100 ifl 67
10.123.0.255                                         Bcast   534 RT-ifl 67 ge-1/3/0.100 ifl 67
192.168.0/24                                       Resolve   343 RT-ifl 4 fxp0.0 ifl 4
192.168.0.1                       192.168.0.1        Local   342 RT-ifl 0
224/4                                             mdiscard    35 RT-ifl 0
224.0.0.1                                            Mcast    31 RT-ifl 0
255.255.255.255                                      Bcast    32 RT-ifl 0

[edit routing-options static]
admin@jr1#


  resolve              Allow resolution of indirectly connected next hops
  no-resolve           Don't allow resolution of indirectly connected next hops
//当指定的路由下一跳不是直连的时候JUNOS缺省不会做递归解析,需要配置resolve进行递归解析。no-resolve为缺省属性。

 preference           Preference value
 preference2          Preference value 2
 metric               Metric value
 metric2              Metric value 2
 metric3              Metric value 3
 metric4              Metric value 4
//指定路由的优先级和度量,静态路由的缺省优先级是5,度量是0

active               Remove inactive route from forwarding table
passive              Retain inactive route in forwarding table
//active如果路由的下一跳不可达(MA网络的话直连都认为可达)路由不会装入路由表,passive则路由的下一跳无论是否可达都装入路由表。
admin@jr1# show
route 10.0.0.4/32 {
    next-hop 1.2.3.4;
    passive;
}

[edit routing-options static]
admin@jr1# run show route

inet.0: 6 destinations, 6 routes (6 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both

10.0.0.1/32        *[Direct/0] 6d 23:13:18
                    > via lo0.0
10.0.0.4/32        *[Static/5] 00:04:58
                      Reject
10.123.0.0/24      *[Direct/0] 6d 23:13:18
                    > via ge-1/3/0.100
10.123.0.1/32      *[Local/0] 6d 23:13:18
                      Local via ge-1/3/0.100
192.168.0.0/24     *[Direct/0] 6d 22:07:40
                    > via fxp0.0
192.168.0.1/32     *[Local/0] 6d 22:07:40
                      Local via fxp0.0

[edit routing-options static]
admin@jr1#


 readvertise          Mark route as eligible to be readvertised
no-readvertise       Don't mark route as eligible to be readvertised
//指示该路由是否能够被发布到其他路由协议中去
routing-options {
    static {
        route 10.0.0.4/32 {
            next-hop 10.123.0.2;
            no-readvertise;
        }
    }
    autonomous-system 100;
}
protocols {
    ospf {
        export import-static;           
        area 0.0.0.0 {
            interface ge-1/3/0.100;
        }
    }
}
policy-options {
    policy-statement import-static {
        from protocol static;
        then accept;
    }
}

 [edit]
admin@jr1# run show ospf database

    OSPF database, Area 0.0.0.0
 Type       ID               Adv Rtr           Seq      Age  Opt  Cksum  Len
Router  *10.0.0.1         10.0.0.1         0x80000007    20  0x22 0x7591  36
Router   10.0.0.2         10.0.0.2         0x80000003   282  0x22 0x7594  36
Network  10.123.0.2       10.0.0.2         0x80000002   282  0x22 0xade0  32

[edit]
admin@jr1#



 retain               Always keep route in forwarding table
 no-retain            Don't always keep route in forwarding table
//指示当路由进程关闭后该路由是否从PFE表中删除,no-retain是缺省属性即删除,retain表示不删除。
未测试处该效果

 receive              Install a receive route for the destination
//此选项尚不明作用
  next-table           Next hop to another table
//此选项尚不明作用

+ next-hop             Next hop to destination
//路由的下一跳属性,可以在同一行中指示多个下一跳,负载均衡。但next-hop语句只能有1条。

  qualified-next-hop   Next hop with qualifiers
//同next-hop语句,但可以配置多条,各条之间配置不同的preference或metic来进行备份
routing-options {
    static {
        route 10.0.0.4/32 {
            qualified-next-hop 10.123.0.2 {
                preference 5;
            }
            qualified-next-hop 10.123.0.3 {
                preference 10;
            }
        }
    }
    autonomous-system 100;              
}

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