常用SQL语句

1、查看表空间的名称及大小

select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size

from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d

where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name

group by t.tablespace_name;

 

2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小

 

select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,

round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space

from dba_data_files

order by tablespace_name;

 

3、查看回滚段名称及大小

 

select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,

(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,

max_extents, v.curext CurExtent

From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v

Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)

order by segment_name ;

 

4、查看控制文件

 

select name from v$controlfile;

 

5、查看日志文件

 

select member from v$logfile;

 

6、查看表空间的使用情况

 

select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name

from dba_free_space

group by tablespace_name;

 

SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,

(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"

FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C

WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;

 

7、查看数据库库对象

 

select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;

 

8、查看数据库的版本　

 

Select version FROM Product_component_version

Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';

 

9、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式

 

Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;

 

10、捕捉运行很久的SQL

 

column username format a12

column opname format a16

column progress format a8

 

select username,sid,opname,

       round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) || '%' as progress,

       time_remaining,sql_text

from v$session_longops , v$sql

where time_remaining <> 0

and sql_address = address

and sql_hash_value = hash_value

/

11。查看数据表的参数信息

SELECT   partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name,
         pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent,
         next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS,
         freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks,
         empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size,
         last_analyzed
    FROM dba_tab_partitions
   --WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner
ORDER BY partition_position

 

12.查看还没提交的事务

select * from v$locked_object;

select * from v$transaction;

 

13。查找object为哪些进程所用

select
p.spid,
s.sid,
s.serial# serial_num,
s.username user_name,
a.type  object_type,
s.osuser os_user_name,
a.owner,
a.object object_name,
decode(sign(48 - command),
1,
to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,
p.program oracle_process,
s.terminal terminal,
s.program program,
s.status session_status  
from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p  
where s.paddr = p.addr and
      s.type = 'USER' and    
      a.sid = s.sid   and
   a.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR'
order by s.username, s.osuser

 

14。回滚段查看

select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents
Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs,
v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes,
sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs,
v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and
v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum

 

15。耗资源的进程（top session）

select s.schemaname schema_name,     decode(sign(48 - command), 1,
to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,     status
session_status,  s.osuser os_user_name,    s.sid,         p.spid ,           s.serial# serial_num,    
nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name,     s.terminal terminal,     
s.program program,     st.value criteria_value  from v$sesstat st,     v$session s  , v$process p  
where st.sid = s.sid and    st.statistic# = to_number('38') and     ('ALL' = 'ALL'
or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc,  p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc

 

16。查看锁（lock）情况

select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name,  ls.username user_name,   
decode(ls.type, 'RW', 'Row wait enqueue lock', 'TM', 'DML enqueue lock', 'TX',
'Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User supplied lock') lock_type,   
o.object_name object,     decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, 'Row Share', 3,
'Row Exclusive', 4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive', null)
lock_mode,     o.owner,    ls.sid,     ls.serial# serial_num,    ls.id1,     ls.id2   
from sys.dba_objects o, (  select s.osuser,       s.username,      l.type,        
l.lmode,      s.sid,      s.serial#,       l.id1,      l.id2    from v$session s,       
v$lock l    where s.sid = l.sid ) ls  where o.object_id = ls.id1 and      o.owner
<> 'SYS'   order by o.owner, o.object_name

17。查看等待（wait）情况

SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value
FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN ('db block gets',
'consistent gets') group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count

18。查看sga情况

SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC

19。查看catched object

SELECT owner,              name,              db_link,              namespace, 
            type,              sharable_mem,              loads,              executions,  
           locks,              pins,              kept        FROM v$db_object_cache
          
20。查看V$SQLAREA

SELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS,
VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS,
USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS,
 BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA
 
21。查看object分类数量

select decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 ,
'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) object_type , count(*) quantity from
sys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3
, 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) union select
'COLUMN' , count(*) from sys.col$ union select 'DB LINK' , count(*) from

22。按用户查看object种类

select u.name schema,     sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL)) indexes,   
sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL)) tables,  sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL))
clusters,  sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL)) views,  sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1,
NULL)) synonyms,    sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL)) sequences, 
sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1))
others   from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u   where o.type# >= 1 and   u.user# =
o.owner# and  u.name <> 'PUBLIC'   group by u.name    order by
sys.link$ union select 'CONSTRAINT' , count(*) from sys.con$

23。有关connection的相关信息

1）查看有哪些用户连接

select s.osuser os_user_name,     decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command),
 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,    p.program oracle_process,      
status session_status,   s.terminal terminal,      s.program program,    
s.username user_name,     s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter,   '' query,     
0 memory,      0 max_memory,     0 cpu_usage,     s.sid,  s.serial# serial_num   
from v$session s,   v$process p   where s.paddr=p.addr and     s.type = 'USER' 
 order by s.username, s.osuser
2）根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况

select n.name,
      v.value,
      n.class,
      n.statistic# 
from  v$statname n,
      v$sesstat v
where v.sid = 71 and
      v.statistic# = n.statistic#
order by n.class, n.statistic#
3）根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sql

select /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */
      command_type,
      sql_text,
      sharable_mem,
      persistent_mem,
      runtime_mem,
      sorts,
      version_count,
      loaded_versions,
      open_versions,
      users_opening,
      executions,
      users_executing,
      loads,
      first_load_time,
      invalidations,
      parse_calls,
      disk_reads,
      buffer_gets,
      rows_processed,
      sysdate start_time,
      sysdate finish_time,
      '>' || address sql_address,
      'N' status
from v$sqlarea
where address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)

 

24．查询表空间使用情况

select a.tablespace_name "表空间名称",

    100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) "占用率(%)",

    round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) "容量(M)",

    round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) "空闲(M)",

    round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2) "使用(M)",

    Largest "最大扩展段(M)",

    to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "采样时间"

from  (select f.tablespace_name,

         sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc,

         sum(decode(f.autoextensible,'YES',f.maxbytes,'NO',f.bytes)) maxbytes

    from dba_data_files f

    group by tablespace_name) a,

    (select  f.tablespace_name,

          sum(f.bytes) bytes_free

    from dba_free_space f

    group by tablespace_name) b,

    (select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest,

         ts.name tablespace_name

    from sys.fet$ ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ ts

    where ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts#

    group by ts.name, tf.blocks) c

where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name

 

25. 查询表空间的碎片程度

 

select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name

having count(tablespace_name)>10;

 

alter tablespace name coalesce;

alter table name deallocate unused;

 

create or replace view ts_blocks_v as

select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_space

union all

select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents;

 

select * from ts_blocks_v;

 

select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space

group by tablespace_name;