内核学习_配置系统介绍
V0.1.0
2010/05/05
目 录
1 内核配置系统 2
1.1 配置系统的基本结构 2
1.2 Makefile调用配置工具 2
1.3 配置工具 3
1.4 Makefile分析 3
1.4.1 Makefile 概述 3
1.4.2 Makefile编译流程 3
1.4.3 Makefile 中的变量 4
1.4.4 Rules.make 变量 5
1.4.5 子目录 Makefile 6
1.5 配置文件 7
1.5.1 配置功能概述 7
1.5.2 配置语言 7
1.5.3 缺省配置 9
1.5.4 help file 9
2 内核代码添加 11
3 附录一 Makfile文件注释 14
内核配置系统
配置系统的基本结构
Linux内核的配置系统由以下几个部分组成：
1)Makefile：分布在 Linux 内核源代码中的Makefile，定义 Linux 内核的编译规则；
2)配置脚本：Kconfig文件，定义了各个模块和其对应的可配置选项
3)配置工具：配置命令解释器（如Make config、Make menuconfig 和 make xconfig），对配置脚本进行解释，提供基于字符或图形的用户配置选择界面。
4)配置文件：顶层.config文件，用户配置选择的初值和选择结果。
其中配置工具都是使用脚本语言，如 Tcl/TK、Perl 编写的（也包含一些用 C 编写的代码），除非是配置系统的维护者，一般的内核开发者无须了解它们的原理，只需知道如何编写 Makefile 和配置脚本就可以。
Makefile调用配置工具
顶层Makefile调用配置工具的规则
scripts_basic:
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/basic
……
#rule for config
config: scripts_basic outputmakefile FORCE
$(Q)mkdir -p include/linux include/config
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/kconfig $@
#rule for xconfig, gconfig, menuconfig, oldconfig
%config: scripts_basic outputmakefile FORCE
$(Q)mkdir -p include/linux include/config
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/kconfig $@
${Q}：根据V选项，为空或者@，是否显示这条命令执行过程
相当于执行：make –C scripts/kconfig/ config
scripts/kconfig/Makefile中关于配置工具调用
#以menuconfig为例，其他的类似
menuconfig: $(obj)/mconf
$< $(Kconfig)
Kconfig := arch/$(SRCARCH)/Kconfig , SRCARCH：=arm
所以相当于调用 scripts/kconfig/mconf arch/arm/Kconfig 在顶层目录生成.config
.config会被转换为include/linux/autoconf.h头文件，然后被include/linux/config.h包含。
配置工具
Makefile分析
Makefile 概述
Makefile 的作用是根据配置的情况，构造出需要编译的源文件列表，然后分别编译，并把目标代码链接到一起，最终形成 Linux 内核二进制文件。由于 Linux 内核源代码是按照树形结构组织的，所以 Makefile 也被分布在目录树中。Linux 内核中的 Makefile 以及与 Makefile 直接相关的文件有：
1)顶层Makefile：顶层 Makefile，是整个内核配置、编译的总体控制文件。通过读取配置文件，递归编译内核代码树的相关目录，从而产生两个重要的目标文件：vmlinux和模块。
2).config：内核配置文件，用来存放内核配置后的结果，包含由用户选择的配置选项定义。
3)arch/*/Makefile：位于各种CPU 体系目录下的内核相关Makefile，是针对特定平台的Makefile，为顶层Makefile提供与具体硬件体协结构相关的信息。
4)各个子目录下的 Makefile：比如 drivers/Makefile，负责所在子目录下源代码的管理，为整个Makefile体系提供各自模块的目标文件定义，上层Makefile根据它所定义的目标来完成各自模块的编译。
5)Rules.make：公共编译规则文件，包括Makefile.build 、Makefile.clean、Makefile.lib、Makefile.host等文件组成。这些文件位于scripts目录中，定义了编译需要的公共的规则和定义。
Rules.make 文件起着非常重要的作用，它定义了所有 Makefile 共用的编译规则。比如，如果需要将本目录下所有的 c 程序编译成汇编代码，需要在 Makefile 中有以下的编译规则：
%.s: %.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -S $< -o $@
有很多子目录下都有同样的要求，就需要在各自的 Makefile 中包含此编译规则，这会比较麻烦。而 Linux 内核中则把此类的编译规则统一放置到 Rules.make 中，并在各自的 Makefile 中包含进了 Rules.make（include Rules.make），这样就避免了在多个 Makefile 中重复同样的规则。对于上面的例子，在 Rules.make 中对应的规则为：
%.s: %.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(EXTRA_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS_$(*F)) $(CFLAGS_$@) -S $< -o $@
Makefile编译流程
1)使用命令行或者图形界面配置工具，对内核进行裁减，生成.config配置文件
2)保存内核版本信息到 include/linux/version.h
3)产生符号链接 include/asm,指向实际目录 include/asm-$(ARCH)
4)为最终目标文件的生成进行必要的准备工作
5)递归进入 /init 、/core、 /drivers、 /net、 /lib等目录和其中的子目录来编译生成所有的目标文件
6)链接上述过程产生的目标文件生成vmlinux，vmlinux存放在内核代码树的根目录下
7)最后根据 arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile文件定义的后期编译的处理规则建立最终的映象bootimage,包括创建引导记录、准备initrd映象和相关处理
补充：
顶层 Makefile 读入 .config 中的配置选择。产生 vmlinux 文件和内核模块（module）。
在顶层 Makefile 中有：include arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile，包含了特定 CPU 体系结构下的 Makefile。
位于各个子目录下的 Makefile 同样也根据 .config 给出的配置信息，构造出当前配置下需要的源文件列表，并在文件的最后有 include $(TOPDIR)/Rules.make。
Makefile 中的变量
顶层 Makefile 定义并向环境中输出了许多变量，为各个子目录下的 Makefile 传递一些信息。有些变量，比如 SUBDIRS，不仅在顶层 Makefile 中定义并且赋初值，而且在 arch/*/Makefile 还作了扩充。
常用的变量有以下几类：
1） 版本信息
版本信息有：VERSION，PATCHLEVEL, SUBLEVEL, EXTRAVERSION，KERNELRELEASE。版本信息定义了当前内核的版本，比如 VERSION=2，PATCHLEVEL=4，SUBLEVEL=18，EXATAVERSION=-rmk7，它们共同构成内核的发行版本KERNELRELEASE：2.4.18-rmk7
2） CPU 体系结构：ARCH
在顶层 Makefile 的开头，用 ARCH 定义目标 CPU 的体系结构，比如 ARCH:=arm 等。许多子目录的 Makefile 中，要根据 ARCH 的定义选择编译源文件的列表。
3） 路径信息：TOPDIR, SUBDIRS
TOPDIR 定义了 Linux 内核源代码所在的根目录。例如，各个子目录下的 Makefile 通过 $(TOPDIR)/Rules.make 就可以找到 Rules.make 的位置。
SUBDIRS 定义了一个目录列表，在编译内核或模块时，顶层 Makefile 就是根据 SUBDIRS 来决定进入哪些子目录。SUBDIRS 的值取决于内核的配置，在顶层 Makefile 中 SUBDIRS 赋值为 kernel drivers mm fs net ipc lib；根据内核的配置情况，在 arch/*/Makefile 中扩充了 SUBDIRS 的值，参见4）中的例子。
4） 内核组成信息：HEAD, CORE_FILES, NETWORKS, DRIVERS, LIBS
Linux 内核文件 vmlinux 是由以下规则产生的：
vmlinux: $(CONFIGURATION) init/main.o init/version.o linuxsubdirs
$(LD) $(LINKFLAGS) $(HEAD) init/main.o init/version.o \
--start-group \
$(CORE_FILES) \
$(DRIVERS) \
$(NETWORKS) \
$(LIBS) \
--end-group \
-o vmlinux
可以看出，vmlinux 是由 HEAD、main.o、version.o、CORE_FILES、DRIVERS、NETWORKS 和 LIBS 组成的。这些变量（如 HEAD）都是用来定义连接生成 vmlinux 的目标文件和库文件列表。其中，HEAD在arch/*/Makefile 中定义，用来确定被最先链接进 vmlinux 的文件列表。比如，对于 ARM 系列的 CPU，HEAD 定义为：
HEAD := arch/arm/kernel/head-$(PROCESSOR).o \
arch/arm/kernel/init_task.o
表明 head-$(PROCESSOR).o 和 init_task.o 需要最先被链接到 vmlinux 中。PROCESSOR 为 armv 或 armo，取决于目标 CPU。 CORE_FILES，NETWORK，DRIVERS 和 LIBS 在顶层 Makefile 中定义，并且由 arch/*/Makefile 根据需要进行扩充。 CORE_FILES 对应着内核的核心文件，有 kernel/kernel.o，mm/mm.o，fs/fs.o，ipc/ipc.o，可以看出，这些是组成内核最为重要的文件。同时，arch/arm/Makefile 对 CORE_FILES 进行了扩充：
# arch/arm/Makefile
# If we have a machine-specific directory, then include it in the build.
MACHDIR := arch/arm/mach-$(MACHINE)
ifeq ($(MACHDIR),$(wildcard $(MACHDIR)))
SUBDIRS += $(MACHDIR)
CORE_FILES := $(MACHDIR)/$(MACHINE).o $(CORE_FILES)
endif
HEAD := arch/arm/kernel/head-$(PROCESSOR).o \
arch/arm/kernel/init_task.o
SUBDIRS += arch/arm/kernel arch/arm/mm arch/arm/lib arch/arm/nwfpe
CORE_FILES := arch/arm/kernel/kernel.o arch/arm/mm/mm.o $(CORE_FILES)
LIBS := arch/arm/lib/lib.a $(LIBS)
5） 编译信息：CPP, CC, AS, LD, AR，CFLAGS，LINKFLAGS
在 Rules.make 中定义的是编译的通用规则，具体到特定的场合，需要明确给出编译环境，编译环境就是在以上的变量中定义的。针对交叉编译的要求，定义了 CROSS_COMPILE。比如：
CROSS_COMPILE = arm-linux-
CC = $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc
LD = $(CROSS_COMPILE)ld
......
CROSS_COMPILE 定义了交叉编译器前缀 arm-linux-，表明所有的交叉编译工具都是以 arm-linux- 开头的，所以在各个交叉编译器工具之前，都加入了 $(CROSS_COMPILE)，以组成一个完整的交叉编译工具文件名，比如 arm-linux-gcc。
CFLAGS 定义了传递给 C 编译器的参数。
LINKFLAGS 是链接生成 vmlinux 时，由链接器使用的参数。LINKFLAGS 在 arm/*/Makefile 中定义，比如：
# arch/arm/Makefile
LINKFLAGS :=-p -X -T arch/arm/vmlinux.lds
6） 配置变量CONFIG_*
.config 文件中有许多的配置变量等式，用来说明用户配置的结果。例如 CONFIG_MODULES=y 表明用户选择了 Linux 内核的模块功能。
.config 被顶层 Makefile 包含后，就形成许多的配置变量，每个配置变量具有确定的值：y 表示本编译选项对应的内核代码被静态编译进 Linux 内核；m 表示本编译选项对应的内核代码被编译成模块；n 表示不选择此编译选项；如果根本就没有选择，那么配置变量的值为空。
Rules.make 变量
前面讲过，Rules.make 是编译规则文件，所有的 Makefile 中都会包括 Rules.make。Rules.make 文件定义了许多变量，最为重要是那些编译、链接列表变量。
O_OBJS，L_OBJS，OX_OBJS，LX_OBJS：本目录下需要编译进 Linux 内核 vmlinux 的目标文件列表，其中 OX_OBJS 和 LX_OBJS 中的 "X" 表明目标文件使用了 EXPORT_SYMBOL 输出符号。
M_OBJS，MX_OBJS：本目录下需要被编译成可装载模块的目标文件列表。同样，MX_OBJS 中的 "X" 表明目标文件使用了 EXPORT_SYMBOL 输出符号。
O_TARGET，L_TARGET：每个子目录下都有一个 O_TARGET 或 L_TARGET，Rules.make 首先从源代码编译生成 O_OBJS 和 OX_OBJS 中所有的目标文件，然后使用 $(LD) -r 把它们链接成一个 O_TARGET 或 L_TARGET。O_TARGET 以 .o 结尾，而 L_TARGET 以 .a 结尾。
子目录 Makefile
子目录 Makefile 用来控制本级目录以下源代码的编译规则。我们通过一个例子来讲解子目录 Makefile 的组成：
#
# Makefile for the linux kernel.
#
# All of the (potential) objects that export symbols.
# This list comes from 'grep -l EXPORT_SYMBOL *.[hc]'.
export-objs := tc.o
# Object file lists.
obj-y :=
obj-m :=
obj-n :=
obj- :=
obj-$(CONFIG_TC) += tc.o
obj-$(CONFIG_ZS) += zs.o
obj-$(CONFIG_VT) += lk201.o lk201-map.o lk201-remap.o
# Files that are both resident and modular: remove from modular.
obj-m := $(filter-out $(obj-y), $(obj-m))
# Translate to Rules.make lists.
L_TARGET := tc.a
L_OBJS := $(sort $(filter-out $(export-objs), $(obj-y)))
LX_OBJS := $(sort $(filter $(export-objs), $(obj-y)))
M_OBJS := $(sort $(filter-out $(export-objs), $(obj-m)))
MX_OBJS := $(sort $(filter $(export-objs), $(obj-m)))
include $(TOPDIR)/Rules.make
a) 注释
对 Makefile 的说明和解释，由#开始。
b) 编译目标定义
类似于 obj-$(CONFIG_TC) += tc.o 的语句是用来定义编译的目标，是子目录 Makefile 中最重要的部分。编译目标定义那些在本子目录下，需要编译到 Linux 内核中的目标文件列表。为了只在用户选择了此功能后才编译，所有的目标定义都融合了对配置变量的判断。
前面说过，每个配置变量取值范围是：y，n，m 和空，obj-$(CONFIG_TC) 分别对应着 obj-y，obj-n，obj-m，obj-。如果 CONFIG_TC 配置为 y，那么 tc.o 就进入了 obj-y 列表。obj-y 为包含到 Linux 内核 vmlinux 中的目标文件列表；obj-m 为编译成模块的目标文件列表；obj-n 和 obj- 中的文件列表被忽略。配置系统就根据这些列表的属性进行编译和链接。
export-objs 中的目标文件都使用了 EXPORT_SYMBOL() 定义了公共的符号，以便可装载模块使用。在 tc.c 文件的最后部分，有 "EXPORT_SYMBOL(search_tc_card);"，表明 tc.o 有符号输出。
这里需要指出的是，对于编译目标的定义，存在着两种格式，分别是老式定义和新式定义。老式定义就是前面 Rules.make 使用的那些变量，新式定义就是 obj-y，obj-m，obj-n 和 obj-。Linux 内核推荐使用新式定义，不过由于 Rules.make 不理解新式定义，需要在 Makefile 中的适配段将其转换成老式定义。
c) 适配段
适配段的作用是将新式定义转换成老式定义。在上面的例子中，适配段就是将 obj-y 和 obj-m 转换成 Rules.make 能够理解的 L_TARGET，L_OBJS，LX_OBJS，M_OBJS，MX_OBJS。
L_OBJS := $(sort $(filter-out $(export-objs), $(obj-y))) 定义了 L_OBJS 的生成方式：在 obj-y 的列表中过滤掉 export-objs（tc.o），然后排序并去除重复的文件名。这里使用到了 GNU Make 的一些特殊功能，具体的含义可参考 Make 的文档（info make）。
d) include $(TOPDIR)/Rules.make
配置文件
配置功能概述
除了 Makefile 的编写，另外一个重要的工作就是把新功能加入到 Linux 的配置选项中，提供此项功能的说明，让用户有机会选择此项功能。所有的这些都需要在 config.in 文件中用配置语言来编写配置脚本，
在 Linux 内核中，配置命令有多种方式：
配置命令
解释脚本
Make config, make oldconfig
scripts/Configure
Make menuconfig
scripts/Menuconfig
Make xconfig
scripts/tkparse
以字符界面配置（make config）为例，顶层 Makefile 调用 scripts/Configure， 按照 arch/arm/config.in 来进行配置。命令执行完后产生文件 .config，其中保存着配置信息。下一次再做 make config 将产生新的 .config 文件，原 .config 被改名为 .config.old
配置语言
1） 顶层菜单
mainmenu_name /prompt/ /prompt/ 是用'或"包围的字符串，'与"的区别是'…'中可使用$引用变量的值。mainmenu_name 设置最高层菜单的名字，它只在 make xconfig 时才会显示。
2） 询问语句
bool /prompt/ /symbol/
hex /prompt/ /symbol/ /word/
int /prompt/ /symbol/ /word/
string /prompt/ /symbol/ /word/
tristate /prompt/ /symbol/
询问语句首先显示一串提示符 /prompt/，等待用户输入，并把输入的结果赋给 /symbol/ 所代表的配置变量。不同的询问语句的区别在于它们接受的输入数据类型不同，比如 bool 接受布尔类型（ y 或 n ），hex 接受 16 进制数据。有些询问语句还有第三个参数 /word/，用来给出缺省值。
3） 定义语句
define_bool /symbol/ /word/
define_hex /symbol/ /word/
define_int /symbol/ /word/
define_string /symbol/ /word/
define_tristate /symbol/ /word/
不同于询问语句等待用户输入，定义语句显式的给配置变量 /symbol/ 赋值 /word/。
4） 依赖语句
dep_bool /prompt/ /symbol/ /dep/ ...
dep_mbool /prompt/ /symbol/ /dep/ ...
dep_hex /prompt/ /symbol/ /word/ /dep/ ...
dep_int /prompt/ /symbol/ /word/ /dep/ ...
dep_string /prompt/ /symbol/ /word/ /dep/ ...
dep_tristate /prompt/ /symbol/ /dep/ ...
与询问语句类似，依赖语句也是定义新的配置变量。不同的是，配置变量/symbol/的取值范围将依赖于配置变量列表/dep/ …。这就意味着：被定义的配置变量所对应功能的取舍取决于依赖列表所对应功能的选择。以dep_bool为例，如果/dep/ …列表的所有配置变量都取值y，则显示/prompt/，用户可输入任意的值给配置变量/symbol/，但是只要有一个配置变量的取值为n，则/symbol/被强制成n。
不同依赖语句的区别在于它们由依赖条件所产生的取值范围不同。
5） 选择语句
choice /prompt/ /word/ /word/
choice 语句首先给出一串选择列表，供用户选择其中一种。比如 Linux for ARM 支持多种基于 ARM core 的 CPU，Linux 使用 choice 语句提供一个 CPU 列表，供用户选择：
choice 'ARM system type' \
"Anakin CONFIG_ARCH_ANAKIN \
Archimedes/A5000 CONFIG_ARCH_ARCA5K \
Cirrus-CL-PS7500FE CONFIG_ARCH_CLPS7500 \
……
SA1100-based CONFIG_ARCH_SA1100 \
Shark CONFIG_ARCH_SHARK" RiscPC
Choice 首先显示 /prompt/，然后将 /word/ 分解成前后两个部分，前部分为对应选择的提示符，后部分是对应选择的配置变量。用户选择的配置变量为 y，其余的都为 n。
6） if语句
if [ /expr/ ] ; then
/statement/
...
fi
if [ /expr/ ] ; then
/statement/
...
else
/statement/
...
fi
if 语句对配置变量（或配置变量的组合）进行判断，并作出不同的处理。判断条件 /expr/ 可以是单个配置变量或字符串，也可以是带操作符的表达式。操作符有：=，!=，-o，-a 等。
7） 菜单块（menu block）语句
mainmenu_option next_comment
comment '…..'
…
endmenu
引入新的菜单。在向内核增加新的功能后，需要相应的增加新的菜单，并在新菜单下给出此项功能的配置选项。Comment 后带的注释就是新菜单的名称。所有归属于此菜单的配置选项语句都写在 comment 和 endmenu 之间。
8） Source 语句
source /word/
/word/ 是文件名，source 的作用是调入新的文件。
缺省配置
Linux 内核支持非常多的硬件平台，对于具体的硬件平台而言，有些配置就是必需的，有些配置就不是必需的。另外，新增加功能的正常运行往往也需要一定的先决条件，针对新功能，必须作相应的配置。因此，特定硬件平台能够正常运行对应着一个最小的基本配置，这就是缺省配置。
Linux 内核中针对每个 ARCH 都会有一个缺省配置。在向内核代码增加了新的功能后，如果新功能对于这个 ARCH 是必需的，就要修改此 ARCH 的缺省配置。修改方法如下（在 Linux 内核根目录下）：
备份 .config 文件
cp arch/arm/deconfig .config
修改 .config
cp .config arch/arm/deconfig
恢复 .config
如果新增的功能适用于许多的 ARCH，只要针对具体的 ARCH，重复上面的步骤就可以了。
help file
大家都有这样的经验，在配置 Linux 内核时，遇到不懂含义的配置选项，可以查看它的帮助，从中可得到选择的建议。下面我们就看看如何给给一个配置选项增加帮助信息。
所有配置选项的帮助信息都在 Documentation/Configure.help 中，它的格式为：
给出本配置选项的名称， 对应配置变量， 对应配置帮助信息。在帮助信息中，首先简单描述此功能，其次说明选择了此功能后会有什么效果，不选择又有什么效果，最后，不要忘了写上"如果不清楚，选择 N（或者）Y"，给不知所措的用户以提示。
内核代码添加
对于一个开发者来说，将自己开发的内核代码加入到 Linux 内核中，需要有三个步骤。首先确定把自己开发代码放入到内核的位置；其次，把自己开发的功能增加到 Linux 内核的配置选项中，使用户能够选择此功能；最后，构建子目录 Makefile，根据用户的选择，将相应的代码编译到最终生成的 Linux 内核中去。下面，我们就通过一个简单的例子--test driver，结合前面学到的知识，来说明如何向 Linux 内核中增加新的功能。
4.1 目录结构
test driver 放置在 drivers/test/ 目录下：
$cd drivers/test
$tree
.
|-- Config.in
|-- Makefile
|-- cpu
| |-- Makefile
| `-- cpu.c
|-- test.c
|-- test_client.c
|-- test_ioctl.c
|-- test_proc.c
|-- test_queue.c
`-- test
|-- Makefile
`-- test.c
4.2 配置文件
1） drivers/test/Config.in
#
# TEST driver configuration
#
mainmenu_option next_comment
comment 'TEST Driver'
bool 'TEST support' CONFIG_TEST
if [ "$CONFIG_TEST" = "y" ]; then
tristate 'TEST user-space interface' CONFIG_TEST_USER
bool 'TEST CPU ' CONFIG_TEST_CPU
fi
endmenu
由于 test driver 对于内核来说是新的功能，所以首先创建一个菜单 TEST Driver。然后，显示 "TEST support"，等待用户选择；接下来判断用户是否选择了 TEST Driver，如果是（CONFIG_TEST=y），则进一步显示子功能：用户接口与 CPU 功能支持；由于用户接口功能可以被编译成内核模块，所以这里的询问语句使用了 tristate（因为 tristate 的取值范围包括 y、n 和 m，m 就是对应着模块）。
2） arch/arm/config.in
在文件的最后加入：source drivers/test/Config.in，将 TEST Driver 子功能的配置纳入到 Linux 内核的配置中。
4.3 Makefile
1）drivers/test/Makefile
# drivers/test/Makefile
#
# Makefile for the TEST.
#
SUB_DIRS :=
MOD_SUB_DIRS := $(SUB_DIRS)
ALL_SUB_DIRS := $(SUB_DIRS) cpu
L_TARGET := test.a
export-objs := test.o test_client.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST) += test.o test_queue.o test_client.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_USER) += test_ioctl.o
obj-$(CONFIG_PROC_FS) += test_proc.o
subdir-$(CONFIG_TEST_CPU) += cpu
include $(TOPDIR)/Rules.make
clean:
for dir in $(ALL_SUB_DIRS); do make -C $$dir clean; done
rm -f *.[oa] .*.flags
drivers/test 目录下最终生成的目标文件是 test.a。在 test.c 和 test-client.c 中使用了 EXPORT_SYMBOL 输出符号，所以 test.o 和 test-client.o 位于 export-objs 列表中。然后，根据用户的选择（具体来说，就是配置变量的取值），构建各自对应的 obj-* 列表。由于 TEST Driver 中包一个子目录 cpu，当 CONFIG_TEST_CPU=y（即用户选择了此功能）时，需要将 cpu 目录加入到 subdir-y 列表中。
2）drivers/test/cpu/Makefile
# drivers/test/test/Makefile
#
# Makefile for the TEST CPU
#
SUB_DIRS :=
MOD_SUB_DIRS := $(SUB_DIRS)
ALL_SUB_DIRS := $(SUB_DIRS)
L_TARGET := test_cpu.a
obj-$(CONFIG_test_CPU) += cpu.o
include $(TOPDIR)/Rules.make
clean:
rm -f *.[oa] .*.flags
3）drivers/Makefile
……
subdir-$(CONFIG_TEST) += test
……
include $(TOPDIR)/Rules.make
在 drivers/Makefile 中加入 subdir-$(CONFIG_TEST)+= test，使得在用户选择 TEST Driver 功能后，内核编译时能够进入 test 目录。
4）Makefile
……
DRIVERS-$(CONFIG_PLD) += drivers/pld/pld.o
DRIVERS-$(CONFIG_TEST) += drivers/test/test.a
DRIVERS-$(CONFIG_TEST_CPU) += drivers/test/cpu/test_cpu.a
DRIVERS := $(DRIVERS-y)
……
在顶层 Makefile 中加入 DRIVERS-$(CONFIG_TEST) += drivers/test/test.a 和 DRIVERS-$(CONFIG_TEST_CPU) += drivers/test/cpu/test_cpu.a。如何用户选择了 TEST Driver，那么 CONFIG_TEST 和 CONFIG_TEST_CPU 都是 y，test.a 和 test_cpu.a 就都位于 DRIVERS-y 列表中，然后又被放置在 DRIVERS 列表中。在前面曾经提到过，Linux 内核文件 vmlinux 的组成中包括 DRIVERS，所以 test.a 和 test_cpu.a 最终可被链接到 vmlinux 中。
附录一 Makfile文件注释
#版本号定义
VERSION = 2
PATCHLEVEL = 6
SUBLEVEL = 32
EXTRAVERSION = .10
NAME = Man-Eating Seals of Antiquity
#make help命令可以打印所有的可用目标
# *DOCUMENTATION*
# To see a list of typical targets execute "make help"
# More info can be located in ./README
# Comments in this file are targeted only to the developer, do not
# expect to learn how to build the kernel reading this file.
#屏蔽打印信息："Entering directory ..."
# Do not:
# o use make's built-in rules and variables
# (this increases performance and avoids hard-to-debug behaviour);
# o print "Entering directory ...";
MAKEFLAGS += -rR --no-print-directory
# We are using a recursive build, so we need to do a little thinking
# to get the ordering right.
#
# Most importantly: sub-Makefiles should only ever modify files in
# their own directory. If in some directory we have a dependency on
# a file in another dir (which doesn't happen often, but it's often
# unavoidable when linking the built-in.o targets which finally
# turn into vmlinux), we will call a sub make in that other dir, and
# after that we are sure that everything which is in that other dir
# is now up to date.
#
# The only cases where we need to modify files which have global
# effects are thus separated out and done before the recursive
# descending is started. They are now explicitly listed as the
# prepare rule.
# To put more focus on warnings, be less verbose as default
# Use 'make V=1' to see the full commands
#是否打印详细过程信息
# make V=0|1 [targets] 0 => quiet build (default), 1 => verbose build
# make V=2 [targets] 2 => give reason for rebuild of target
ifeq ("$(origin V)", "command line")
KBUILD_VERBOSE = $(V)
endif
ifndef KBUILD_VERBOSE
KBUILD_VERBOSE = 0
endif
#是否检查源文件
# make C=1 [targets] Check all c source with $CHECK (sparse by default)
# make C=2 [targets] Force check of all c source with $CHECK
# Call a source code checker (by default, "sparse") as part of the
# C compilation.
#
# Use 'make C=1' to enable checking of only re-compiled files.
# Use 'make C=2' to enable checking of *all* source files, regardless
# of whether they are re-compiled or not.
#
# See the file "Documentation/sparse.txt" for more details, including
# where to get the "sparse" utility.
ifeq ("$(origin C)", "command line")
KBUILD_CHECKSRC = $(C)
endif
ifndef KBUILD_CHECKSRC
KBUILD_CHECKSRC = 0
endif
#确定外部模块编译目录
# Use make M=dir to specify directory of external module to build
# Old syntax make ... SUBDIRS=$PWD is still supported
# Setting the environment variable KBUILD_EXTMOD take precedence
ifdef SUBDIRS
KBUILD_EXTMOD ?= $(SUBDIRS)
endif
ifeq ("$(origin M)", "command line")
KBUILD_EXTMOD := $(M)
Endif
#是否改变输出目录
# make O=dir [targets] Locate all output files in "dir", including .config
# kbuild supports saving output files in a separate directory.
# To locate output files in a separate directory two syntaxes are supported.
# In both cases the working directory must be the root of the kernel src.
# 1) O=
# Use "make O=dir/to/store/output/files/"
#
# 2) Set KBUILD_OUTPUT
# Set the environment variable KBUILD_OUTPUT to point to the directory
# where the output files shall be placed.
# export KBUILD_OUTPUT=dir/to/store/output/files/
# make
#
# The O= assignment takes precedence over the KBUILD_OUTPUT environment
# variable.
# KBUILD_SRC is set on invocation of make in OBJ directory
# KBUILD_SRC is not intended to be used by the regular user (for now)
ifeq ($(KBUILD_SRC),)
# OK, Make called in directory where kernel src resides
# Do we want to locate output files in a separate directory?
ifeq ("$(origin O)", "command line")
KBUILD_OUTPUT := $(O)
endif
#默认编译目标为 _all
# That's our default target when none is given on the command line
PHONY := _all
_all:
# Cancel implicit rules on top Makefile
$(CURDIR)/Makefile Makefile: ;
#检查输出目录是否存在
ifneq ($(KBUILD_OUTPUT),)
# Invoke a second make in the output directory, passing relevant variables
# check that the output directory actually exists
saved-output := $(KBUILD_OUTPUT)
KBUILD_OUTPUT := $(shell cd $(KBUILD_OUTPUT) && /bin/pwd)
$(if $(KBUILD_OUTPUT),, \
$(error output directory "$(saved-output)" does not exist))
PHONY += $(MAKECMDGOALS) sub-make
$(filter-out _all sub-make $(CURDIR)/Makefile, $(MAKECMDGOALS)) _all: sub-make
$(Q)@:
sub-make: FORCE
$(if $(KBUILD_VERBOSE:1=),@)$(MAKE) -C $(KBUILD_OUTPUT) \
KBUILD_SRC=$(CURDIR) \
KBUILD_EXTMOD="$(KBUILD_EXTMOD)" -f $(CURDIR)/Makefile \
$(filter-out _all sub-make,$(MAKECMDGOALS))
# Leave processing to above invocation of make
skip-makefile := 1
endif # ifneq ($(KBUILD_OUTPUT),)
endif # ifeq ($(KBUILD_SRC),)
# We process the rest of the Makefile if this is the final invocation of make
ifeq ($(skip-makefile),)
# If building an external module we do not care about the all: rule
# but instead _all depend on modules
PHONY += all
ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
_all: all
else
_all: modules
endif
srctree := $(if $(KBUILD_SRC),$(KBUILD_SRC),$(CURDIR))
objtree := $(CURDIR)
src := $(srctree)
obj := $(objtree)
VPATH := $(srctree)$(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD),:$(KBUILD_EXTMOD))
export srctree objtree VPATH
# SUBARCH tells the usermode build what the underlying arch is. That is set
# first, and if a usermode build is happening, the "ARCH=um" on the command
# line overrides the setting of ARCH below. If a native build is happening,
# then ARCH is assigned, getting whatever value it gets normally, and
# SUBARCH is subsequently ignored.
SUBARCH := $(shell uname -m | sed -e s/i.86/i386/ -e s/sun4u/sparc64/ \
-e s/arm.*/arm/ -e s/sa110/arm/ \
-e s/s390x/s390/ -e s/parisc64/parisc/ \
-e s/ppc.*/powerpc/ -e s/mips.*/mips/ \
-e s/sh[234].*/sh/ )
# Cross compiling and selecting different set of gcc/bin-utils
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# When performing cross compilation for other architectures ARCH shall be set
# to the target architecture. (See arch/* for the possibilities).
# ARCH can be set during invocation of make:
# make ARCH=ia64
# Another way is to have ARCH set in the environment.
# The default ARCH is the host where make is executed.
# CROSS_COMPILE specify the prefix used for all executables used
# during compilation. Only gcc and related bin-utils executables
# are prefixed with $(CROSS_COMPILE).
# CROSS_COMPILE can be set on the command line
# make CROSS_COMPILE=ia64-linux-
# Alternatively CROSS_COMPILE can be set in the environment.
# Default value for CROSS_COMPILE is not to prefix executables
# Note: Some architectures assign CROSS_COMPILE in their arch/*/Makefile
export KBUILD_BUILDHOST := $(SUBARCH)
ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH)
CROSS_COMPILE ?=
# Architecture as present in compile.h
UTS_MACHINE := $(ARCH)
SRCARCH := $(ARCH)
# Additional ARCH settings for x86
ifeq ($(ARCH),i386)
SRCARCH := x86
endif
ifeq ($(ARCH),x86_64)
SRCARCH := x86
endif
# Additional ARCH settings for sparc
ifeq ($(ARCH),sparc64)
SRCARCH := sparc
endif
# Additional ARCH settings for sh
ifeq ($(ARCH),sh64)
SRCARCH := sh
endif
# Where to locate arch specific headers
hdr-arch := $(SRCARCH)
ifeq ($(ARCH),m68knommu)
hdr-arch := m68k
endif
KCONFIG_CONFIG ?= .config
# SHELL used by kbuild
CONFIG_SHELL := $(shell if [ -x "$$BASH" ]; then echo $$BASH; \
else if [ -x /bin/bash ]; then echo /bin/bash; \
else echo sh; fi ; fi)
HOSTCC = gcc
HOSTCXX = g++
HOSTCFLAGS = -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer
HOSTCXXFLAGS = -O2
# Decide whether to build built-in, modular, or both.
# Normally, just do built-in.
KBUILD_MODULES :=
KBUILD_BUILTIN := 1
# If we have only "make modules", don't compile built-in objects.
# When we're building modules with modversions, we need to consider
# the built-in objects during the descend as well, in order to
# make sure the checksums are up to date before we record them.
ifeq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),modules)
KBUILD_BUILTIN := $(if $(CONFIG_MODVERSIONS),1)
endif
# If we have "make modules", compile modules
# in addition to whatever we do anyway.
# Just "make" or "make all" shall build modules as well
ifneq ($(filter all _all modules,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
KBUILD_MODULES := 1
endif
ifeq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),)
KBUILD_MODULES := 1
endif
export KBUILD_MODULES KBUILD_BUILTIN
export KBUILD_CHECKSRC KBUILD_SRC KBUILD_EXTMOD
# Beautify output
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# Normally, we echo the whole command before executing it. By making
# that echo $($(quiet)$(cmd)), we now have the possibility to set
# $(quiet) to choose other forms of output instead, e.g.
#
# quiet_cmd_cc_o_c = Compiling $(RELDIR)/$@
# cmd_cc_o_c = $(CC) $(c_flags) -c -o $@ $<
#
# If $(quiet) is empty, the whole command will be printed.
# If it is set to "quiet_", only the short version will be printed.
# If it is set to "silent_", nothing will be printed at all, since
# the variable $(silent_cmd_cc_o_c) doesn't exist.
#
# A simple variant is to prefix commands with $(Q) - that's useful
# for commands that shall be hidden in non-verbose mode.
#
# $(Q)ln $@ :<
#
# If KBUILD_VERBOSE equals 0 then the above command will be hidden.
# If KBUILD_VERBOSE equals 1 then the above command is displayed.
ifeq ($(KBUILD_VERBOSE),1)
quiet =
Q =
else
quiet=quiet_
Q = @
endif
# If the user is running make -s (silent mode), suppress echoing of
# commands
ifneq ($(findstring s,$(MAKEFLAGS)),)
quiet=silent_
endif
export quiet Q KBUILD_VERBOSE
# Look for make include files relative to root of kernel src
MAKEFLAGS += --include-dir=$(srctree)
# We need some generic definitions (do not try to remake the file).
$(srctree)/scripts/Kbuild.include: ;
include $(srctree)/scripts/Kbuild.include
# Make variables (CC, etc...)
AS = $(CROSS_COMPILE)as
LD = $(CROSS_COMPILE)ld
CC = $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc
CPP = $(CC) -E
AR = $(CROSS_COMPILE)ar
NM = $(CROSS_COMPILE)nm
STRIP = $(CROSS_COMPILE)strip
OBJCOPY = $(CROSS_COMPILE)objcopy
OBJDUMP = $(CROSS_COMPILE)objdump
AWK = awk
GENKSYMS = scripts/genksyms/genksyms
INSTALLKERNEL := installkernel
DEPMOD = /sbin/depmod
KALLSYMS = scripts/kallsyms
PERL = perl
CHECK = sparse
CHECKFLAGS := -D__linux__ -Dlinux -D__STDC__ -Dunix -D__unix__ \
-Wbitwise -Wno-return-void $(CF)
MODFLAGS = -DMODULE
CFLAGS_MODULE = $(MODFLAGS)
AFLAGS_MODULE = $(MODFLAGS)
LDFLAGS_MODULE = -T $(srctree)/scripts/module-common.lds
CFLAGS_KERNEL =
AFLAGS_KERNEL =
CFLAGS_GCOV = -fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage
# Use LINUXINCLUDE when you must reference the include/ directory.
# Needed to be compatible with the O= option
LINUXINCLUDE := -Iinclude \
$(if $(KBUILD_SRC),-Iinclude2 -I$(srctree)/include) \
-I$(srctree)/arch/$(hdr-arch)/include \
-include include/linux/autoconf.h
KBUILD_CPPFLAGS := -D__KERNEL__
KBUILD_CFLAGS := -Wall -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-trigraphs \
-fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common \
-Werror-implicit-function-declaration \
-Wno-format-security \
-fno-delete-null-pointer-checks
KBUILD_AFLAGS := -D__ASSEMBLY__
# Read KERNELRELEASE from include/config/kernel.release (if it exists)
KERNELRELEASE = $(shell cat include/config/kernel.release 2> /dev/null)
KERNELVERSION = $(VERSION).$(PATCHLEVEL).$(SUBLEVEL)$(EXTRAVERSION)
export VERSION PATCHLEVEL SUBLEVEL KERNELRELEASE KERNELVERSION
export ARCH SRCARCH CONFIG_SHELL HOSTCC HOSTCFLAGS CROSS_COMPILE AS LD CC
export CPP AR NM STRIP OBJCOPY OBJDUMP
export MAKE AWK GENKSYMS INSTALLKERNEL PERL UTS_MACHINE
export HOSTCXX HOSTCXXFLAGS LDFLAGS_MODULE CHECK CHECKFLAGS
export KBUILD_CPPFLAGS NOSTDINC_FLAGS LINUXINCLUDE OBJCOPYFLAGS LDFLAGS
export KBUILD_CFLAGS CFLAGS_KERNEL CFLAGS_MODULE CFLAGS_GCOV
export KBUILD_AFLAGS AFLAGS_KERNEL AFLAGS_MODULE
# When compiling out-of-tree modules, put MODVERDIR in the module
# tree rather than in the kernel tree. The kernel tree might
# even be read-only.
export MODVERDIR := $(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD),$(firstword $(KBUILD_EXTMOD))/).tmp_versions
# Files to ignore in find ... statements
RCS_FIND_IGNORE := \( -name SCCS -o -name BitKeeper -o -name .svn -o -name CVS -o -name .pc -o -name .hg -o -name .git \) -prune -o
export RCS_TAR_IGNORE := --exclude SCCS --exclude BitKeeper --exclude .svn --exclude CVS --exclude .pc --exclude .hg --exclude .git
# ===========================================================================
# Rules shared between *config targets and build targets
# Basic helpers built in scripts/
PHONY += scripts_basic
scripts_basic:
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/basic
# To avoid any implicit rule to kick in, define an empty command.
scripts/basic/%: scripts_basic ;
PHONY += outputmakefile
# outputmakefile generates a Makefile in the output directory, if using a
# separate output directory. This allows convenient use of make in the
# output directory.
outputmakefile:
ifneq ($(KBUILD_SRC),)
$(Q)ln -fsn $(srctree) source
$(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/mkmakefile \
$(srctree) $(objtree) $(VERSION) $(PATCHLEVEL)
endif
# To make sure we do not include .config for any of the *config targets
# catch them early, and hand them over to scripts/kconfig/Makefile
# It is allowed to specify more targets when calling make, including
# mixing *config targets and build targets.
# For example 'make oldconfig all'.
# Detect when mixed targets is specified, and make a second invocation
# of make so .config is not included in this case either (for *config).
no-dot-config-targets := clean mrproper distclean \
cscope TAGS tags help %docs check% \
include/linux/version.h headers_% \
kernelrelease kernelversion
config-targets := 0
mixed-targets := 0
dot-config := 1
ifneq ($(filter $(no-dot-config-targets), $(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
ifeq ($(filter-out $(no-dot-config-targets), $(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
dot-config := 0
endif
endif
ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
ifneq ($(filter config %config,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
config-targets := 1
ifneq ($(filter-out config %config,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
mixed-targets := 1
endif
endif
endif
ifeq ($(mixed-targets),1)
# ===========================================================================
# We're called with mixed targets (*config and build targets).
# Handle them one by one.
%:: FORCE
$(Q)$(MAKE) -C $(srctree) KBUILD_SRC= $@
else
ifeq ($(config-targets),1)
# ===========================================================================
# *config targets only - make sure prerequisites are updated, and descend
# in scripts/kconfig to make the *config target
# Read arch specific Makefile to set KBUILD_DEFCONFIG as needed.
# KBUILD_DEFCONFIG may point out an alternative default configuration
# used for 'make defconfig'
include $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile
export KBUILD_DEFCONFIG KBUILD_KCONFIG
config: scripts_basic outputmakefile FORCE
$(Q)mkdir -p include/linux include/config
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/kconfig $@
%config: scripts_basic outputmakefile FORCE
$(Q)mkdir -p include/linux include/config
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/kconfig $@
else
# ===========================================================================
# Build targets only - this includes vmlinux, arch specific targets, clean
# targets and others. In general all targets except *config targets.
ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
# Additional helpers built in scripts/
# Carefully list dependencies so we do not try to build scripts twice
# in parallel
PHONY += scripts
scripts: scripts_basic include/config/auto.conf
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(@)
# Objects we will link into vmlinux / subdirs we need to visit
init-y := init/
drivers-y := drivers/ sound/ firmware/
net-y := net/
libs-y := lib/
core-y := usr/
endif # KBUILD_EXTMOD
ifeq ($(dot-config),1)
# Read in config
-include include/config/auto.conf
ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
# Read in dependencies to all Kconfig* files, make sure to run
# oldconfig if changes are detected.
-include include/config/auto.conf.cmd
# To avoid any implicit rule to kick in, define an empty command
$(KCONFIG_CONFIG) include/config/auto.conf.cmd: ;
# If .config is newer than include/config/auto.conf, someone tinkered
# with it and forgot to run make oldconfig.
# if auto.conf.cmd is missing then we are probably in a cleaned tree so
# we execute the config step to be sure to catch updated Kconfig files
include/config/auto.conf: $(KCONFIG_CONFIG) include/config/auto.conf.cmd
$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Makefile silentoldconfig
else
# external modules needs include/linux/autoconf.h and include/config/auto.conf
# but do not care if they are up-to-date. Use auto.conf to trigger the test
PHONY += include/config/auto.conf
include/config/auto.conf:
$(Q)test -e include/linux/autoconf.h -a -e $@ || ( \
echo; \
echo " ERROR: Kernel configuration is invalid."; \
echo " include/linux/autoconf.h or $@ are missing."; \
echo " Run 'make oldconfig && make prepare' on kernel src to fix it."; \
echo; \
/bin/false)
endif # KBUILD_EXTMOD
else
# Dummy target needed, because used as prerequisite
include/config/auto.conf: ;
endif # $(dot-config)
# The all: target is the default when no target is given on the
# command line.
# This allow a user to issue only 'make' to build a kernel including modules
# Defaults vmlinux but it is usually overridden in the arch makefile
all: vmlinux
ifdef CONFIG_CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Os
else
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -O2
endif
include $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile
ifneq ($(CONFIG_FRAME_WARN),0)
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-Wframe-larger-than=${CONFIG_FRAME_WARN})
endif
# Force gcc to behave correct even for buggy distributions
ifndef CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option, -fno-stack-protector)
endif
ifdef CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-optimize-sibling-calls
else
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -fomit-frame-pointer
endif
ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -g
KBUILD_AFLAGS += -gdwarf-2
endif
ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -pg
endif
# We trigger additional mismatches with less inlining
ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SECTION_MISMATCH
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option, -fno-inline-functions-called-once)
endif
# arch Makefile may override CC so keep this after arch Makefile is included
NOSTDINC_FLAGS += -nostdinc -isystem $(shell $(CC) -print-file-name=include)
CHECKFLAGS += $(NOSTDINC_FLAGS)
# warn about C99 declaration after statement
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-Wdeclaration-after-statement,)
# disable pointer signed / unsigned warnings in gcc 4.0
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-Wno-pointer-sign,)
# disable invalid "can't wrap" optimizations for signed / pointers
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fno-strict-overflow)
# revert to pre-gcc-4.4 behaviour of .eh_frame
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fno-dwarf2-cfi-asm)
# conserve stack if available
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fconserve-stack)
# Add user supplied CPPFLAGS, AFLAGS and CFLAGS as the last assignments
# But warn user when we do so
warn-assign = \
$(warning "WARNING: Appending $$K$(1) ($(K$(1))) from $(origin K$(1)) to kernel $$$(1)")
ifneq ($(KCPPFLAGS),)
$(call warn-assign,CPPFLAGS)
KBUILD_CPPFLAGS += $(KCPPFLAGS)
endif
ifneq ($(KAFLAGS),)
$(call warn-assign,AFLAGS)
KBUILD_AFLAGS += $(KAFLAGS)
endif
ifneq ($(KCFLAGS),)
$(call warn-assign,CFLAGS)
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(KCFLAGS)
endif
# Use --build-id when available.
LDFLAGS_BUILD_ID = $(patsubst -Wl$(comma)%,%,\
$(call cc-ldoption, -Wl$(comma)--build-id,))
LDFLAGS_MODULE += $(LDFLAGS_BUILD_ID)
LDFLAGS_vmlinux += $(LDFLAGS_BUILD_ID)
ifeq ($(CONFIG_STRIP_ASM_SYMS),y)
LDFLAGS_vmlinux += $(call ld-option, -X,)
endif
# Default kernel image to build when no specific target is given.
# KBUILD_IMAGE may be overruled on the command line or
# set in the environment
# Also any assignments in arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile take precedence over
# this default value
export KBUILD_IMAGE ?= vmlinux
#
# INSTALL_PATH specifies where to place the updated kernel and system map
# images. Default is /boot, but you can set it to other values
export INSTALL_PATH ?= /boot
#
# INSTALL_MOD_PATH specifies a prefix to MODLIB for module directory
# relocations required by build roots. This is not defined in the
# makefile but the argument can be passed to make if needed.
#
MODLIB = $(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/modules/$(KERNELRELEASE)
export MODLIB
#
# INSTALL_MOD_STRIP, if defined, will cause modules to be
# stripped after they are installed. If INSTALL_MOD_STRIP is '1', then
# the default option --strip-debug will be used. Otherwise,
# INSTALL_MOD_STRIP will used as the options to the strip command.
ifdef INSTALL_MOD_STRIP
ifeq ($(INSTALL_MOD_STRIP),1)
mod_strip_cmd = $(STRIP) --strip-debug
else
mod_strip_cmd = $(STRIP) $(INSTALL_MOD_STRIP)
endif # INSTALL_MOD_STRIP=1
else
mod_strip_cmd = true
endif # INSTALL_MOD_STRIP
export mod_strip_cmd
ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
core-y += kernel/ mm/ fs/ ipc/ security/ crypto/ block/
vmlinux-dirs := $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, $(init-y) $(init-m) \
$(core-y) $(core-m) $(drivers-y) $(drivers-m) \
$(net-y) $(net-m) $(libs-y) $(libs-m)))
vmlinux-alldirs := $(sort $(vmlinux-dirs) $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, \
$(init-n) $(init-) \
$(core-n) $(core-) $(drivers-n) $(drivers-) \
$(net-n) $(net-) $(libs-n) $(libs-))))
init-y := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(init-y))
core-y := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(core-y))
drivers-y := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(drivers-y))
net-y := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(net-y))
libs-y1 := $(patsubst %/, %/lib.a, $(libs-y))
libs-y2 := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(libs-y))
libs-y := $(libs-y1) $(libs-y2)
# Build vmlinux
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# vmlinux is built from the objects selected by $(vmlinux-init) and
# $(vmlinux-main). Most are built-in.o files from top-level directories
# in the kernel tree, others are specified in arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile.
# Ordering when linking is important, and $(vmlinux-init) must be first.
#
# vmlinux
# ^
# |
# +-< $(vmlinux-init)
# | +--< init/version.o + more
# |
# +--< $(vmlinux-main)
# | +--< driver/built-in.o mm/built-in.o + more
# |
# +-< kallsyms.o (see description in CONFIG_KALLSYMS section)
#
# vmlinux version (uname -v) cannot be updated during normal
# descending-into-subdirs phase since we do not yet know if we need to
# update vmlinux.
# Therefore this step is delayed until just before final link of vmlinux -
# except in the kallsyms case where it is done just before adding the
# symbols to the kernel.
#
# System.map is generated to document addresses of all kernel symbols
vmlinux-init := $(head-y) $(init-y)
vmlinux-main := $(core-y) $(libs-y) $(drivers-y) $(net-y)
vmlinux-all := $(vmlinux-init) $(vmlinux-main)
vmlinux-lds := arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/vmlinux.lds
export KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS := $(vmlinux-all)
# Rule to link vmlinux - also used during CONFIG_KALLSYMS
# May be overridden by arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile
quiet_cmd_vmlinux__ ?= LD $@
cmd_vmlinux__ ?= $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS_vmlinux) -o $@ \
-T $(vmlinux-lds) $(vmlinux-init) \
--start-group $(vmlinux-main) --end-group \
$(filter-out $(vmlinux-lds) $(vmlinux-init) $(vmlinux-main) vmlinux.o FORCE ,$^)
# Generate new vmlinux version
quiet_cmd_vmlinux_version = GEN .version
cmd_vmlinux_version = set -e; \
if [ ! -r .version ]; then \
rm -f .version; \
echo 1 >.version; \
else \
mv .version .old_version; \
expr 0$$(cat .old_version) + 1 >.version; \
fi; \
$(MAKE) $(build)=init
# Generate System.map
quiet_cmd_sysmap = SYSMAP
cmd_sysmap = $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/mksysmap
# Link of vmlinux
# If CONFIG_KALLSYMS is set .version is already updated
# Generate System.map and verify that the content is consistent
# Use + in front of the vmlinux_version rule to silent warning with make -j2
# First command is ':' to allow us to use + in front of the rule
define rule_vmlinux__
:
$(if $(CONFIG_KALLSYMS),,+$(call cmd,vmlinux_version))
$(call cmd,vmlinux__)
$(Q)echo 'cmd_$@ := $(cmd_vmlinux__)' > $(@D)/.$(@F).cmd
$(Q)$(if $($(quiet)cmd_sysmap), \
echo ' $($(quiet)cmd_sysmap) System.map' &&) \
$(cmd_sysmap) $@ System.map; \
if [ $$? -ne 0 ]; then \
rm -f $@; \
/bin/false; \
fi;
$(verify_kallsyms)
endef
ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
# Generate section listing all symbols and add it into vmlinux $(kallsyms.o)
# It's a three stage process:
# o .tmp_vmlinux1 has all symbols and sections, but __kallsyms is
# empty
# Running kallsyms on that gives us .tmp_kallsyms1.o with
# the right size - vmlinux version (uname -v) is updated during this step
# o .tmp_vmlinux2 now has a __kallsyms section of the right size,
# but due to the added section, some addresses have shifted.
# From here, we generate a correct .tmp_kallsyms2.o
# o The correct .tmp_kallsyms2.o is linked into the final vmlinux.
# o Verify that the System.map from vmlinux matches the map from
# .tmp_vmlinux2, just in case we did not generate kallsyms correctly.
# o If CONFIG_KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS is set, do an extra pass using
# .tmp_vmlinux3 and .tmp_kallsyms3.o. This is only meant as a
# temporary bypass to allow the kernel to be built while the
# maintainers work out what went wrong with kallsyms.
ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS
last_kallsyms := 3
else
last_kallsyms := 2
endif
kallsyms.o := .tmp_kallsyms$(last_kallsyms).o
define verify_kallsyms
$(Q)$(if $($(quiet)cmd_sysmap), \
echo ' $($(quiet)cmd_sysmap) .tmp_System.map' &&) \
$(cmd_sysmap) .tmp_vmlinux$(last_kallsyms) .tmp_System.map
$(Q)cmp -s System.map .tmp_System.map || \
(echo Inconsistent kallsyms data; \
echo Try setting CONFIG_KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS; \
rm .tmp_kallsyms* ; /bin/false )
endef
# Update vmlinux version before link
# Use + in front of this rule to silent warning about make -j1
# First command is ':' to allow us to use + in front of this rule
cmd_ksym_ld = $(cmd_vmlinux__)
define rule_ksym_ld
:
+$(call cmd,vmlinux_version)
$(call cmd,vmlinux__)
$(Q)echo 'cmd_$@ := $(cmd_vmlinux__)' > $(@D)/.$(@F).cmd
endef
# Generate .S file with all kernel symbols
quiet_cmd_kallsyms = KSYM $@
cmd_kallsyms = $(NM) -n $< | $(KALLSYMS) \
$(if $(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_ALL),--all-symbols) > $@
.tmp_kallsyms1.o .tmp_kallsyms2.o .tmp_kallsyms3.o: %.o: %.S scripts FORCE
$(call if_changed_dep,as_o_S)
.tmp_kallsyms%.S: .tmp_vmlinux% $(KALLSYMS)
$(call cmd,kallsyms)
# .tmp_vmlinux1 must be complete except kallsyms, so update vmlinux version
.tmp_vmlinux1: $(vmlinux-lds) $(vmlinux-all) FORCE
$(call if_changed_rule,ksym_ld)
.tmp_vmlinux2: $(vmlinux-lds) $(vmlinux-all) .tmp_kallsyms1.o FORCE
$(call if_changed,vmlinux__)
.tmp_vmlinux3: $(vmlinux-lds) $(vmlinux-all) .tmp_kallsyms2.o FORCE
$(call if_changed,vmlinux__)
# Needs to visit scripts/ before $(KALLSYMS) can be used.
$(KALLSYMS): scripts ;
# Generate some data for debugging strange kallsyms problems
debug_kallsyms: .tmp_map$(last_kallsyms)
.tmp_map%: .tmp_vmlinux% FORCE
($(OBJDUMP) -h $< | $(AWK) '/^ +[0-9]/{print $$4 " 0 " $$2}'; $(NM) $<) | sort > $@
.tmp_map3: .tmp_map2
.tmp_map2: .tmp_map1
endif # ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
# Do modpost on a prelinked vmlinux. The finally linked vmlinux has
# relevant sections renamed as per the linker script.
quiet_cmd_vmlinux-modpost = LD $@
cmd_vmlinux-modpost = $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -r -o $@ \
$(vmlinux-init) --start-group $(vmlinux-main) --end-group \
$(filter-out $(vmlinux-init) $(vmlinux-main) FORCE ,$^)
define rule_vmlinux-modpost
:
+$(call cmd,vmlinux-modpost)
$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modpost $@
$(Q)echo 'cmd_$@ := $(cmd_vmlinux-modpost)' > $(dot-target).cmd
endef
# vmlinux image - including updated kernel symbols
vmlinux: $(vmlinux-lds) $(vmlinux-init) $(vmlinux-main) vmlinux.o $(kallsyms.o) FORCE
ifdef CONFIG_HEADERS_CHECK
$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Makefile headers_check
endif
ifdef CONFIG_SAMPLES
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=samples
endif
ifdef CONFIG_BUILD_DOCSRC
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=Documentation
endif
$(call vmlinux-modpost)
$(call if_changed_rule,vmlinux__)
$(Q)rm -f .old_version
# build vmlinux.o first to catch section mismatch errors early
ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
.tmp_vmlinux1: vmlinux.o
endif
modpost-init := $(filter-out init/built-in.o, $(vmlinux-init))
vmlinux.o: $(modpost-init) $(vmlinux-main) FORCE
$(call if_changed_rule,vmlinux-modpost)
# The actual objects are generated when descending,
# make sure no implicit rule kicks in
$(sort $(vmlinux-init) $(vmlinux-main)) $(vmlinux-lds): $(vmlinux-dirs) ;
# Handle descending into subdirectories listed in $(vmlinux-dirs)
# Preset locale variables to speed up the build process. Limit locale
# tweaks to this spot to avoid wrong language settings when running
# make menuconfig etc.
# Error messages still appears in the original language
PHONY += $(vmlinux-dirs)
$(vmlinux-dirs): prepare scripts
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$@
# Build the kernel release string
#
# The KERNELRELEASE value built here is stored in the file
# include/config/kernel.release, and is used when executing several
# make targets, such as "make install" or "make modules_install."
#
# The eventual kernel release string consists of the following fields,
# shown in a hierarchical format to show how smaller parts are concatenated
# to form the larger and final value, with values coming from places like
# the Makefile, kernel config options, make command line options and/or
# SCM tag information.
#
# $(KERNELVERSION)
# $(VERSION) eg, 2
# $(PATCHLEVEL) eg, 6
# $(SUBLEVEL) eg, 18
# $(EXTRAVERSION) eg, -rc6
# $(localver-full)
# $(localver)
# localversion* (files without backups, containing '~')
# $(CONFIG_LOCALVERSION) (from kernel config setting)
# $(localver-auto) (only if CONFIG_LOCALVERSION_AUTO is set)
# ./scripts/setlocalversion (SCM tag, if one exists)
# $(LOCALVERSION) (from make command line if provided)
#
# Note how the final $(localver-auto) string is included *only* if the
# kernel config option CONFIG_LOCALVERSION_AUTO is selected. Also, at the
# moment, only git is supported but other SCMs can edit the script
# scripts/setlocalversion and add the appropriate checks as needed.
pattern = ".*/localversion[^~]*"
string = $(shell cat /dev/null \
`find $(objtree) $(srctree) -maxdepth 1 -regex $(pattern) | sort -u`)
localver = $(subst $(space),, $(string) \
$(patsubst "%",%,$(CONFIG_LOCALVERSION)))
# If CONFIG_LOCALVERSION_AUTO is set scripts/setlocalversion is called
# and if the SCM is know a tag from the SCM is appended.
# The appended tag is determined by the SCM used.
#
# .scmversion is used when generating rpm packages so we do not loose
# the version information from the SCM when we do the build of the kernel
# from the copied source
ifdef CONFIG_LOCALVERSION_AUTO
ifeq ($(wildcard .scmversion),)
_localver-auto = $(shell $(CONFIG_SHELL) \
$(srctree)/scripts/setlocalversion $(srctree))
else
_localver-auto = $(shell cat .scmversion 2> /dev/null)
endif
localver-auto = $(LOCALVERSION)$(_localver-auto)
endif
localver-full = $(localver)$(localver-auto)
# Store (new) KERNELRELASE string in include/config/kernel.release
kernelrelease = $(KERNELVERSION)$(localver-full)
include/config/kernel.release: include/config/auto.conf FORCE
$(Q)rm -f $@
$(Q)echo $(kernelrelease) > $@
# Things we need to do before we recursively start building the kernel
# or the modules are listed in "prepare".
# A multi level approach is used. prepareN is processed before prepareN-1.
# archprepare is used in arch Makefiles and when processed asm symlink,
# version.h and scripts_basic is processed / created.
# Listed in dependency order
PHONY += prepare archprepare prepare0 prepare1 prepare2 prepare3
# prepare3 is used to check if we are building in a separate output directory,
# and if so do:
# 1) Check that make has not been executed in the kernel src $(srctree)
# 2) Create the include2 directory, used for the second asm symlink
prepare3: include/config/kernel.release
ifneq ($(KBUILD_SRC),)
@$(kecho) ' Using $(srctree) as source for kernel'
$(Q)if [ -f $(srctree)/.config -o -d $(srctree)/include/config ]; then \
echo " $(srctree) is not clean, please run 'make mrproper'";\
echo " in the '$(srctree)' directory.";\
/bin/false; \
fi;
$(Q)if [ ! -d include2 ]; then \
mkdir -p include2; \
ln -fsn $(srctree)/include/asm-$(SRCARCH) include2/asm; \
fi
endif
# prepare2 creates a makefile if using a separate output directory
prepare2: prepare3 outputmakefile
prepare1: prepare2 include/linux/version.h include/linux/utsrelease.h \
include/asm include/config/auto.conf
$(cmd_crmodverdir)
archprepare: prepare1 scripts_basic
prepare0: archprepare FORCE
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=.
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=. missing-syscalls
# All the preparing..
prepare: prepare0
# The asm symlink changes when $(ARCH) changes.
# Detect this and ask user to run make mrproper
# If asm is a stale symlink (point to dir that does not exist) remove it
define check-symlink
set -e; \
if [ -L include/asm ]; then \
asmlink=`readlink include/asm | cut -d '-' -f 2`; \
if [ "$$asmlink" != "$(SRCARCH)" ]; then \
echo "ERROR: the symlink $@ points to asm-$$asmlink but asm-$(SRCARCH) was expected"; \
echo " set ARCH or save .config and run 'make mrproper' to fix it"; \
exit 1; \
fi; \
test -e $$asmlink || rm include/asm; \
elif [ -d include/asm ]; then \
echo "ERROR: $@ is a directory but a symlink was expected";\
exit 1; \
fi
endef
# We create the target directory of the symlink if it does
# not exist so the test in check-symlink works and we have a
# directory for generated filesas used by some architectures.
define create-symlink
if [ ! -L include/asm ]; then \
$(kecho) ' SYMLINK $@ -> include/asm-$(SRCARCH)'; \
if [ ! -d include/asm-$(SRCARCH) ]; then \
mkdir -p include/asm-$(SRCARCH); \
fi; \
ln -fsn asm-$(SRCARCH) $@; \
fi
endef
include/asm: FORCE
$(Q)$(check-symlink)
$(Q)$(create-symlink)
# Generate some files
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# KERNELRELEASE can change from a few different places, meaning version.h
# needs to be updated, so this check is forced on all builds
uts_len := 64
define filechk_utsrelease.h
if [ `echo -n "$(KERNELRELEASE)" | wc -c ` -gt $(uts_len) ]; then \
echo '"$(KERNELRELEASE)" exceeds $(uts_len) characters' >&2; \
exit 1; \
fi; \
(echo \#define UTS_RELEASE \"$(KERNELRELEASE)\";)
endef
define filechk_version.h
(echo \#define LINUX_VERSION_CODE $(shell \
expr $(VERSION) \* 65536 + $(PATCHLEVEL) \* 256 + $(SUBLEVEL)); \
echo '#define KERNEL_VERSION(a,b,c) (((a) << 16) + ((b) << 8) + (c))';)
endef
include/linux/version.h: $(srctree)/Makefile FORCE
$(call filechk,version.h)
include/linux/utsrelease.h: include/config/kernel.release FORCE
$(call filechk,utsrelease.h)
PHONY += headerdep
headerdep:
$(Q)find include/ -name '*.h' | xargs --max-args 1 scripts/headerdep.pl
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
PHONY += depend dep
depend dep:
@echo '*** Warning: make $@ is unnecessary now.'
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Firmware install
INSTALL_FW_PATH=$(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/firmware
export INSTALL_FW_PATH
PHONY += firmware_install
firmware_install: FORCE
@mkdir -p $(objtree)/firmware
$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.fwinst obj=firmware __fw_install
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Kernel headers
#Default location for installed headers
export INSTALL_HDR_PATH = $(objtree)/usr
hdr-inst := -rR -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.headersinst obj
# Find out where the Kbuild file is located to support
# arch/$(ARCH)/include/asm
hdr-dir = $(strip \
$(if $(wildcard $(srctree)/arch/$(hdr-arch)/include/asm/Kbuild), \
arch/$(hdr-arch)/include/asm, include/asm-$(hdr-arch)))
# If we do an all arch process set dst to asm-$(hdr-arch)
hdr-dst = $(if $(KBUILD_HEADERS), dst=include/asm-$(hdr-arch), dst=include/asm)
PHONY += __headers
__headers: include/linux/version.h scripts_basic FORCE
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts scripts/unifdef
PHONY += headers_install_all
headers_install_all:
$(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/headers.sh install
PHONY += headers_install
headers_install: __headers
$(if $(wildcard $(srctree)/$(hdr-dir)/Kbuild),, \
$(error Headers not exportable for the $(SRCARCH) architecture))
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(hdr-inst)=include
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(hdr-inst)=$(hdr-dir) $(hdr-dst)
PHONY += headers_check_all
headers_check_all: headers_install_all
$(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/headers.sh check
PHONY += headers_check
headers_check: headers_install
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(hdr-inst)=include HDRCHECK=1
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(hdr-inst)=$(hdr-dir) $(hdr-dst) HDRCHECK=1
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Modules
ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
# By default, build modules as well
all: modules
# Build modules
#
# A module can be listed more than once in obj-m resulting in
# duplicate lines in modules.order files. Those are removed
# using awk while concatenating to the final file.
PHONY += modules
modules: $(vmlinux-dirs) $(if $(KBUILD_BUILTIN),vmlinux)
$(Q)$(AWK) '!x[$$0]++' $(vmlinux-dirs:%=$(objtree)/%/modules.order) > $(objtree)/modules.order
@$(kecho) ' Building modules, stage 2.';
$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modpost
$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.fwinst obj=firmware __fw_modbuild
# Target to prepare building external modules
PHONY += modules_prepare
modules_prepare: prepare scripts
# Target to install modules
PHONY += modules_install
modules_install: _modinst_ _modinst_post
PHONY += _modinst_
_modinst_:
@if [ -z "`$(DEPMOD) -V 2>/dev/null | grep module-init-tools`" ]; then \
echo "Warning: you may need to install module-init-tools"; \
echo "See ";\
sleep 1; \
fi
@rm -rf $(MODLIB)/kernel
@rm -f $(MODLIB)/source
@mkdir -p $(MODLIB)/kernel
@ln -s $(srctree) $(MODLIB)/source
@if [ ! $(objtree) -ef $(MODLIB)/build ]; then \
rm -f $(MODLIB)/build ; \
ln -s $(objtree) $(MODLIB)/build ; \
fi
@cp -f $(objtree)/modules.order $(MODLIB)/
$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modinst
# This depmod is only for convenience to give the initial
# boot a modules.dep even before / is mounted read-write. However the
# boot script depmod is the master version.
PHONY += _modinst_post
_modinst_post: _modinst_
$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.fwinst obj=firmware __fw_modinst
$(call cmd,depmod)
else # CONFIG_MODULES
# Modules not configured
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
modules modules_install: FORCE
@echo
@echo "The present kernel configuration has modules disabled."
@echo "Type 'make config' and enable loadable module support."
@echo "Then build a kernel with module support enabled."
@echo
@exit 1
endif # CONFIG_MODULES
###
# Cleaning is done on three levels.
# make clean Delete most generated files
# Leave enough to build external modules
# make mrproper Delete the current configuration, and all generated files
# make distclean Remove editor backup files, patch leftover files and the like
# Directories & files removed with 'make clean'
CLEAN_DIRS += $(MODVERDIR)
CLEAN_FILES += vmlinux System.map \
.tmp_kallsyms* .tmp_version .tmp_vmlinux* .tmp_System.map
# Directories & files removed with 'make mrproper'
MRPROPER_DIRS += include/config include2 usr/include include/generated
MRPROPER_FILES += .config .config.old include/asm .version .old_version \
include/linux/autoconf.h include/linux/version.h \
include/linux/utsrelease.h \
include/linux/bounds.h include/asm*/asm-offsets.h \
Module.symvers Module.markers tags TAGS cscope*
# clean - Delete most, but leave enough to build external modules
#
clean: rm-dirs := $(CLEAN_DIRS)
clean: rm-files := $(CLEAN_FILES)
clean-dirs := $(addprefix _clean_,$(srctree) $(vmlinux-alldirs) Documentation)
PHONY += $(clean-dirs) clean archclean
$(clean-dirs):
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(clean)=$(patsubst _clean_%,%,$@)
clean: archclean $(clean-dirs)
$(call cmd,rmdirs)
$(call cmd,rmfiles)
@find . $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
\( -name '*.[oas]' -o -name '*.ko' -o -name '.*.cmd' \
-o -name '.*.d' -o -name '.*.tmp' -o -name '*.mod.c' \
-o -name '*.symtypes' -o -name 'modules.order' \
-o -name 'Module.markers' -o -name '.tmp_*.o.*' \
-o -name '*.gcno' \) -type f -print | xargs rm -f
# mrproper - Delete all generated files, including .config
#
mrproper: rm-dirs := $(wildcard $(MRPROPER_DIRS))
mrproper: rm-files := $(wildcard $(MRPROPER_FILES))
mrproper-dirs := $(addprefix _mrproper_,Documentation/DocBook scripts)
PHONY += $(mrproper-dirs) mrproper archmrproper
$(mrproper-dirs):
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(clean)=$(patsubst _mrproper_%,%,$@)
mrproper: clean archmrproper $(mrproper-dirs)
$(call cmd,rmdirs)
$(call cmd,rmfiles)
# distclean
#
PHONY += distclean
distclean: mrproper
@find $(srctree) $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
\( -name '*.orig' -o -name '*.rej' -o -name '*~' \
-o -name '*.bak' -o -name '#*#' -o -name '.*.orig' \
-o -name '.*.rej' -o -size 0 \
-o -name '*%' -o -name '.*.cmd' -o -name 'core' \) \
-type f -print | xargs rm -f
# Packaging of the kernel to various formats
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# rpm target kept for backward compatibility
package-dir := $(srctree)/scripts/package
%pkg: include/config/kernel.release FORCE
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(package-dir) $@
rpm: include/config/kernel.release FORCE
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(package-dir) $@
# Brief documentation of the typical targets used
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
boards := $(wildcard $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/configs/*_defconfig)
boards := $(notdir $(boards))
board-dirs := $(dir $(wildcard $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/configs/*/*_defconfig))
board-dirs := $(sort $(notdir $(board-dirs:/=)))
help:
@echo 'Cleaning targets:'
@echo ' clean - Remove most generated files but keep the config and'
@echo ' enough build support to build external modules'
@echo ' mrproper - Remove all generated files + config + various backup files'
@echo ' distclean - mrproper + remove editor backup and patch files'
@echo ''
@echo 'Configuration targets:'
@$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/kconfig/Makefile help
@echo ''
@echo 'Other generic targets:'
@echo ' all - Build all targets marked with [*]'
@echo '* vmlinux - Build the bare kernel'
@echo '* modules - Build all modules'
@echo ' modules_install - Install all modules to INSTALL_MOD_PATH (default: /)'
@echo ' firmware_install- Install all firmware to INSTALL_FW_PATH'
@echo ' (default: $$(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/firmware)'
@echo ' dir/ - Build all files in dir and below'
@echo ' dir/file.[ois] - Build specified target only'
@echo ' dir/file.ko - Build module including final link'
@echo ' modules_prepare - Set up for building external modules'
@echo ' tags/TAGS - Generate tags file for editors'
@echo ' cscope - Generate cscope index'
@echo ' kernelrelease - Output the release version string'
@echo ' kernelversion - Output the version stored in Makefile'
@echo ' headers_install - Install sanitised kernel headers to INSTALL_HDR_PATH'; \
echo ' (default: $(INSTALL_HDR_PATH))'; \
echo ''
@echo 'Static analysers'
@echo ' checkstack - Generate a list of stack hogs'
@echo ' namespacecheck - Name space analysis on compiled kernel'
@echo ' versioncheck - Sanity check on version.h usage'
@echo ' includecheck - Check for duplicate included header files'
@echo ' export_report - List the usages of all exported symbols'
@echo ' headers_check - Sanity check on exported headers'
@echo ' headerdep - Detect inclusion cycles in headers'; \
echo ''
@echo 'Kernel packaging:'
@$(MAKE) $(build)=$(package-dir) help
@echo ''
@echo 'Documentation targets:'
@$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Documentation/DocBook/Makefile dochelp
@echo ''
@echo 'Architecture specific targets ($(SRCARCH)):'
@$(if $(archhelp),$(archhelp),\
echo ' No architecture specific help defined for $(SRCARCH)')
@echo ''
@$(if $(boards), \
$(foreach b, $(boards), \
printf " %-24s - Build for %s\\n" $(b) $(subst _defconfig,,$(b));) \
echo '')
@$(if $(board-dirs), \
$(foreach b, $(board-dirs), \
printf " %-16s - Show %s-specific targets\\n" help-$(b) $(b);) \
printf " %-16s - Show all of the above\\n" help-boards; \
echo '')
@echo ' make V=0|1 [targets] 0 => quiet build (default), 1 => verbose build'
@echo ' make V=2 [targets] 2 => give reason for rebuild of target'
@echo ' make O=dir [targets] Locate all output files in "dir", including .config'
@echo ' make C=1 [targets] Check all c source with $$CHECK (sparse by default)'
@echo ' make C=2 [targets] Force check of all c source with $$CHECK'
@echo ''
@echo 'Execute "make" or "make all" to build all targets marked with [*] '
@echo 'For further info see the ./README file'
help-board-dirs := $(addprefix help-,$(board-dirs))
help-boards: $(help-board-dirs)
boards-per-dir = $(notdir $(wildcard $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/configs/$*/*_defconfig))
$(help-board-dirs): help-%:
@echo 'Architecture specific targets ($(SRCARCH) $*):'
@$(if $(boards-per-dir), \
$(foreach b, $(boards-per-dir), \
printf " %-24s - Build for %s\\n" $*/$(b) $(subst _defconfig,,$(b));) \
echo '')
# Documentation targets
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
%docs: scripts_basic FORCE
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=Documentation/DocBook $@
else # KBUILD_EXTMOD
###
# External module support.
# When building external modules the kernel used as basis is considered
# read-only, and no consistency checks are made and the make
# system is not used on the basis kernel. If updates are required
# in the basis kernel ordinary make commands (without M=...) must
# be used.
#
# The following are the only valid targets when building external
# modules.
# make M=dir clean Delete all automatically generated files
# make M=dir modules Make all modules in specified dir
# make M=dir Same as 'make M=dir modules'
# make M=dir modules_install
# Install the modules built in the module directory
# Assumes install directory is already created
# We are always building modules
KBUILD_MODULES := 1
PHONY += crmodverdir
crmodverdir:
$(cmd_crmodverdir)
PHONY += $(objtree)/Module.symvers
$(objtree)/Module.symvers:
@test -e $(objtree)/Module.symvers || ( \
echo; \
echo " WARNING: Symbol version dump $(objtree)/Module.symvers"; \
echo " is missing; modules will have no dependencies and modversions."; \
echo )
module-dirs := $(addprefix _module_,$(KBUILD_EXTMOD))
PHONY += $(module-dirs) modules
$(module-dirs): crmodverdir $(objtree)/Module.symvers
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(patsubst _module_%,%,$@)
modules: $(module-dirs)
@$(kecho) ' Building modules, stage 2.';
$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modpost
PHONY += modules_install
modules_install: _emodinst_ _emodinst_post
install-dir := $(if $(INSTALL_MOD_DIR),$(INSTALL_MOD_DIR),extra)
PHONY += _emodinst_
_emodinst_:
$(Q)mkdir -p $(MODLIB)/$(install-dir)
$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modinst
PHONY += _emodinst_post
_emodinst_post: _emodinst_
$(call cmd,depmod)
clean-dirs := $(addprefix _clean_,$(KBUILD_EXTMOD))
PHONY += $(clean-dirs) clean
$(clean-dirs):
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(clean)=$(patsubst _clean_%,%,$@)
clean: rm-dirs := $(MODVERDIR)
clean: rm-files := $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)/Module.symvers \
$(KBUILD_EXTMOD)/Module.markers \
$(KBUILD_EXTMOD)/modules.order
clean: $(clean-dirs)
$(call cmd,rmdirs)
$(call cmd,rmfiles)
@find $(KBUILD_EXTMOD) $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
\( -name '*.[oas]' -o -name '*.ko' -o -name '.*.cmd' \
-o -name '.*.d' -o -name '.*.tmp' -o -name '*.mod.c' \
-o -name '*.gcno' \) -type f -print | xargs rm -f
help:
@echo ' Building external modules.'
@echo ' Syntax: make -C path/to/kernel/src M=$$PWD target'
@echo ''
@echo ' modules - default target, build the module(s)'
@echo ' modules_install - install the module'
@echo ' clean - remove generated files in module directory only'
@echo ''
# Dummies...
PHONY += prepare scripts
prepare: ;
scripts: ;
endif # KBUILD_EXTMOD
# Generate tags for editors
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
quiet_cmd_tags = GEN $@
cmd_tags = $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/tags.sh $@
tags TAGS cscope: FORCE
$(call cmd,tags)
# Scripts to check various things for consistency
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
includecheck:
find * $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
-name '*.[hcS]' -type f -print | sort \
| xargs $(PERL) -w $(srctree)/scripts/checkincludes.pl
versioncheck:
find * $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
-name '*.[hcS]' -type f -print | sort \
| xargs $(PERL) -w $(srctree)/scripts/checkversion.pl
namespacecheck:
$(PERL) $(srctree)/scripts/namespace.pl
export_report:
$(PERL) $(srctree)/scripts/export_report.pl
endif #ifeq ($(config-targets),1)
endif #ifeq ($(mixed-targets),1)
PHONY += checkstack kernelrelease kernelversion
# UML needs a little special treatment here. It wants to use the host
# toolchain, so needs $(SUBARCH) passed to checkstack.pl. Everyone
# else wants $(ARCH), including people doing cross-builds, which means
# that $(SUBARCH) doesn't work here.
ifeq ($(ARCH), um)
CHECKSTACK_ARCH := $(SUBARCH)
else
CHECKSTACK_ARCH := $(ARCH)
endif
checkstack:
$(OBJDUMP) -d vmlinux $$(find . -name '*.ko') | \
$(PERL) $(src)/scripts/checkstack.pl $(CHECKSTACK_ARCH)
kernelrelease:
$(if $(wildcard include/config/kernel.release), $(Q)echo $(KERNELRELEASE), \
$(error kernelrelease not valid - run 'make prepare' to update it))
kernelversion:
@echo $(KERNELVERSION)
# Single targets
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Single targets are compatible with:
# - build with mixed source and output
# - build with separate output dir 'make O=...'
# - external modules
#
# target-dir => where to store outputfile
# build-dir => directory in kernel source tree to use
ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
build-dir = $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $@))
target-dir = $(dir $@)
else
zap-slash=$(filter-out .,$(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $@)))
build-dir = $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)$(if $(zap-slash),/$(zap-slash))
target-dir = $(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD),$(dir $<),$(dir $@))
endif
%.s: %.c prepare scripts FORCE
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(build-dir) $(target-dir)$(notdir $@)
%.i: %.c prepare scripts FORCE
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(build-dir) $(target-dir)$(notdir $@)
%.o: %.c prepare scripts FORCE
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(build-dir) $(target-dir)$(notdir $@)
%.lst: %.c prepare scripts FORCE
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(build-dir) $(target-dir)$(notdir $@)
%.s: %.S prepare scripts FORCE
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(build-dir) $(target-dir)$(notdir $@)
%.o: %.S prepare scripts FORCE
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(build-dir) $(target-dir)$(notdir $@)
%.symtypes: %.c prepare scripts FORCE
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(build-dir) $(target-dir)$(notdir $@)
# Modules
/: prepare scripts FORCE
$(cmd_crmodverdir)
$(Q)$(MAKE) KBUILD_MODULES=$(if $(CONFIG_MODULES),1) \
$(build)=$(build-dir)
%/: prepare scripts FORCE
$(cmd_crmodverdir)
$(Q)$(MAKE) KBUILD_MODULES=$(if $(CONFIG_MODULES),1) \
$(build)=$(build-dir)
%.ko: prepare scripts FORCE
$(cmd_crmodverdir)
$(Q)$(MAKE) KBUILD_MODULES=$(if $(CONFIG_MODULES),1) \
$(build)=$(build-dir) $(@:.ko=.o)
$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modpost
# FIXME Should go into a make.lib or something
# ===========================================================================
quiet_cmd_rmdirs = $(if $(wildcard $(rm-dirs)),CLEAN $(wildcard $(rm-dirs)))
cmd_rmdirs = rm -rf $(rm-dirs)
quiet_cmd_rmfiles = $(if $(wildcard $(rm-files)),CLEAN $(wildcard $(rm-files)))
cmd_rmfiles = rm -f $(rm-files)
# Run depmod only if we have System.map and depmod is executable
quiet_cmd_depmod = DEPMOD $(KERNELRELEASE)
cmd_depmod = \
if [ -r System.map -a -x $(DEPMOD) ]; then \
$(DEPMOD) -ae -F System.map \
$(if $(strip $(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)), -b $(INSTALL_MOD_PATH) ) \
$(KERNELRELEASE); \
fi
# Create temporary dir for module support files
# clean it up only when building all modules
cmd_crmodverdir = $(Q)mkdir -p $(MODVERDIR) \
$(if $(KBUILD_MODULES),; rm -f $(MODVERDIR)/*)
a_flags = -Wp,-MD,$(depfile) $(KBUILD_AFLAGS) $(AFLAGS_KERNEL) \
$(NOSTDINC_FLAGS) $(LINUXINCLUDE) $(KBUILD_CPPFLAGS) \
$(modkern_aflags) $(EXTRA_AFLAGS) $(AFLAGS_$(basetarget).o)
quiet_cmd_as_o_S = AS $@
cmd_as_o_S = $(CC) $(a_flags) -c -o $@ $<
# read all saved command lines
targets := $(wildcard $(sort $(targets)))
cmd_files := $(wildcard .*.cmd $(foreach f,$(targets),$(dir $(f)).$(notdir $(f)).cmd))
ifneq ($(cmd_files),)
$(cmd_files): ; # Do not try to update included dependency files
include $(cmd_files)
endif
# Shorthand for $(Q)$(MAKE) -f scripts/Makefile.clean obj=dir
# Usage:
# $(Q)$(MAKE) $(clean)=dir
clean := -f $(if $(KBUILD_SRC),$(srctree)/)scripts/Makefile.clean obj
endif # skip-makefile
PHONY += FORCE
FORCE:
# Declare the contents of the .PHONY variable as phony. We keep that
# information in a variable so we can use it in if_changed and friends.
.PHONY: $(PHONY)
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