C++中的目录操作详解

总结一下：
1. Linux下的C——用C 中的函数，在direct.h中
2. Windows平台——windows.h
3. Linux平台——sys/stat.h

---

原型：
#include  
DIR *opendir(const char *dirname); 
struct dirent *readdir(DIR *dirp); 
int closedir(DIR *dirp);

DIR是directory stream，opendir函数返回dir流类型并供读取函数readdir调用；

readdir返回dirent结构体：
struct dirent
{
#ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
    __ino_t d_ino;
    __off_t d_off;
#else
    __ino64_t d_ino;
    __off64_t d_off;
#endif
    unsigned short int d_reclen;
    unsigned char d_type;
    char d_name[256];  /* We must not include limits.h! */
};
d_reclen表示记录长度，d_type表示文件类型（具体见后面），d_name表示文件名；

closedir返回0表示关闭成功，-1表示失败。

dirent结构体中的d_tpye的值可以为以下枚举成员：
enum
{
    DT_UNKNOWN = 0,     //未知类型
# define DT_UNKNOWN DT_UNKNOWN
    DT_FIFO = 1,        //管道
# define DT_FIFO DT_FIFO
    DT_CHR = 2,         //字符设备文件
# define DT_CHR  DT_CHR
    DT_DIR = 4,         //目录
# define DT_DIR  DT_DIR
    DT_BLK = 6,         //块设备文件
# define DT_BLK  DT_BLK
    DT_REG = 8,         //普通文件
# define DT_REG  DT_REG
    DT_LNK = 10,        //连接文件
# define DT_LNK  DT_LNK
    DT_SOCK = 12,       //套接字类型
# define DT_SOCK DT_SOCK
    DT_WHT = 14         //
# define DT_WHT  DT_WHT
};

示例：
#include

  string testPath;
  DIR* pDir = NULL;
  struct dirent* ent = NULL;
  pDir = opendir(testPath.c_str());
  if (NULL == pDir){
    return false;
  }
  while (NULL != (ent=readdir(pDir)))
  {
    if(ent->d_type == 8) //普通文件
    {
      ...
    }
  }
  ...
  closedir(pDir);
  pDir = NULL;

---

 windows平台下：
#include

CreateDirectory (char *DirName, SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES Attribs);

 linux平台下：
#include

mkdir (const char *path, mode_t mode);

windows下创建目录的一个例子（VC）
using namespace System;
using namespace System::IO;
int main()
{

   // Specify the directories you want to manipulate.
   String^ path = "c:\\MyDir";
   String^ target = "c:\\TestDir";
   try
   {

      // Determine whether the directory exists.
      if (  !Directory::Exists( path ) )
      {

         // Create the directory it does not exist.
         Directory::CreateDirectory( path );
      }
      if ( Directory::Exists( target ) )
      {

         // Delete the target to ensure it is not there.
         Directory::Delete( target, true );
      }

      // Move the directory.
      Directory::Move( path, target );

      // Create a file in the directory.
      File::CreateText( String::Concat( target, "" ) );

      // Count the files in the target directory.
      Console::WriteLine( "The number of files in {0} is {1}", target, Directory::GetFiles( target )->Length );
   }
   catch ( Exception^ e )
   {
      Console::WriteLine( "The process failed: {0}", e );
   }

}

VC实现计算该目录以及子目录下文件大小(byte)
// The following example calculates the size of a directory
// and its subdirectories, if any, and displays the total size
// in bytes.
using namespace System;
using namespace System::IO;
long DirSize( DirectoryInfo^ d )
{
   long Size = 0;

   // Add file sizes.
   array^fis = d->GetFiles();
   System::Collections::IEnumerator^ myEnum = fis->GetEnumerator();
   while ( myEnum->MoveNext() )
   {
      FileInfo^ fi = safe_cast(myEnum->Current);
      Size += (long)fi->Length;
   }

   array^dis = d->GetDirectories();
   while ( myEnum->MoveNext() )
   {
      DirectoryInfo^ di = safe_cast(myEnum->Current);
      Size += DirSize( di );
   }

   return Size;
}

int main()
{
   array^args = Environment::GetCommandLineArgs();
   if ( args->Length != 2 )
   {
      Console::WriteLine( "You must provide a directory argument at the command line." );
   }
   else
   {
      DirectoryInfo^ d = gcnew DirectoryInfo( args[ 1 ] );
      Console::WriteLine( "The size of {0} and its subdirectories is {1} bytes.", d, DirSize( d ) );
   }
}

 

linux下创建目录的例子：

#include
#include

int status;
...
status = mkdir("/home/cnd/mod1", S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH);

 还可以使用boost的跨平台方案：

 

#include "boost/filesystem.hpp" // includes all needed Boost.Filesystem declarations
#include // for std::cout
using boost::filesystem; // for ease of tutorial presentation;
// a namespace alias is preferred practice in real code
create_directory( "foobar" );