使用Java操作文本文件的方法详解
摘要: 最初java是不支持对文本文件的处理的,为了弥补这个缺憾而引入了Reader和Writer两个类
最初java是不支持对文本文件的处理的,为了弥补这个缺憾而引入了Reader和Writer两个类,这两个类都是抽象类,Writer中 write(char[] ch,int off,int
length),flush()和close()方法为抽象方法,Reader中read(char[] ch,int off,int length)和close()方法是抽象方法。子类应该分别实现他们。
当我们读写文本文件的时候,采用Reader是非常方便的,比如FileReader,InputStreamReader和BufferedReader。其中最重要的类是InputStreamReader,
它是字节转换为字符的桥梁。你可以在构造器重指定编码的方式,如果不指定的话将采用底层操作系统的默认编码方式,例如GBK等。当使用FileReader读取文件
的时候。
- FileReader fr = new FileReader("ming.txt");
- int ch = 0;
- while((ch = fr.read())!=-1 )
- {
- System.out.print((char)ch);
- }
FileReader fr = new FileReader("ming.txt");
int ch = 0;
while((ch = fr.read())!=-1 )
{
System.out.print((char)ch);
}
其中read()方法返回的是读取得下个字符。当然你也可以使用read(char[] ch,int off,int length)这和处理二进制文件的时候类似,不多说了。如果使用
InputStreamReader来读取文件的时候
while((ch = isr.read())!=-1)
{
System.out.print((char)ch);
}
这和FileReader并没有什么区别,事实上在FileReader中的方法都是从InputStreamReader中继承过来的。read()方法是比较好费时间的,如果为了提高效率
我们可以使用BufferedReader对Reader进行包装,这样可以提高读取得速度,我们可以一行一行的读取文本,使用readLine()方法。
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("ming.txt")));
String data = null;
while((data = br.readLine())!=null)
{
System.out.println(data);
}
当你明白了如何用Reader来读取文本文件的时候那么用Writer写文件同样非常简单。有一点需要注意,当你写文件的时候,为了提高效率,写入的数据会先
放入缓冲区,然后写入文件。因此有时候你需要主动调用flush()方法。与上面对应的写文件的方法为:
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- FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("hello.txt");
- String s = "hello world";
- fw.write(s,0,s.length());
- fw.flush();
- OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("hello2.txt"));
- osw.write(s,0,s.length());
- osw.flush();
- PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("hello3.txt")),true);
- pw.println(s);
FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("hello.txt");
String s = "hello world";
fw.write(s,0,s.length());
fw.flush();
OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("hello2.txt"));
osw.write(s,0,s.length());
osw.flush();
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("hello3.txt")),true);
pw.println(s);
不要忘记用完后关闭流!下面是个小例子,帮助新手理解。其实有的时候java的IO系统是需要我们多记记的,不然哪天就生疏了。
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- import java.io.*;
- public class TestFile2
- {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
- {
- FileReader fr = new FileReader("ming.txt");
- char[] buffer = new char[1024];
- int ch = 0;
- while((ch = fr.read())!=-1 )
- {
- System.out.print((char)ch);
- }
- InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("ming.txt"));
- while((ch = isr.read())!=-1)
- {
- System.out.print((char)ch);
- }
- BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("ming.txt")));
- String data = null;
- while((data = br.readLine())!=null)
- {
- System.out.println(data);
- }
- FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("hello.txt");
- String s = "hello world";
- fw.write(s,0,s.length());
- fw.flush();
- OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("hello2.txt"));
- osw.write(s,0,s.length());
- osw.flush();
- PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("hello3.txt")),true);
- pw.println(s);
- fr.close();
- isr.close();
- br.close();
- fw.close();
- osw.close();
- pw.close();
- }
- }
import java.io.*;
public class TestFile2
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
{
FileReader fr = new FileReader("ming.txt");
char[] buffer = new char[1024];
int ch = 0;
while((ch = fr.read())!=-1 )
{
System.out.print((char)ch);
}
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("ming.txt"));
while((ch = isr.read())!=-1)
{
System.out.print((char)ch);
}
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("ming.txt")));
String data = null;
while((data = br.readLine())!=null)
{
System.out.println(data);
}
FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("hello.txt");
String s = "hello world";
fw.write(s,0,s.length());
fw.flush();
OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("hello2.txt"));
osw.write(s,0,s.length());
osw.flush();
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("hello3.txt")),true);
pw.println(s);
fr.close();
isr.close();
br.close();
fw.close();
osw.close();
pw.close();
}
}
java中多种方式读文件
一、多种方式读文件内容。
1、按字节读取文件内容
2、按字符读取文件内容
3、按行读取文件内容
4、随机读取文件内容
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- import java.io.BufferedReader;
- import java.io.File;
- import java.io.FileInputStream;
- import java.io.FileReader;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.io.InputStreamReader;
- import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
- import java.io.Reader;
- public class ReadFromFile {
-
-
-
-
- public static void readFileByBytes(String fileName){
- File file = new File(fileName);
- InputStream in = null;
- try {
- System.out.println("以字节为单位读取文件内容,一次读一个字节:");
-
- in = new FileInputStream(file);
- int tempbyte;
- while((tempbyte=in.read()) != -1){
- System.out.write(tempbyte);
- }
- in.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- return;
- }
- try {
- System.out.println("以字节为单位读取文件内容,一次读多个字节:");
-
- byte[] tempbytes = new byte[100];
- int byteread = 0;
- in = new FileInputStream(fileName);
- ReadFromFile.showAvailableBytes(in);
-
- while ((byteread = in.read(tempbytes)) != -1){
- System.out.write(tempbytes, 0, byteread);
- }
- } catch (Exception e1) {
- e1.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- if (in != null){
- try {
- in.close();
- } catch (IOException e1) {
- }
- }
- }
- }
-
-
-
-
- public static void readFileByChars(String fileName){
- File file = new File(fileName);
- Reader reader = null;
- try {
- System.out.println("以字符为单位读取文件内容,一次读一个字节:");
-
- reader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file));
- int tempchar;
- while ((tempchar = reader.read()) != -1){
-
-
-
- if (((char)tempchar) != 'r'){
- System.out.print((char)tempchar);
- }
- }
- reader.close();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- try {
- System.out.println("以字符为单位读取文件内容,一次读多个字节:");
-
- char[] tempchars = new char[30];
- int charread = 0;
- reader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(fileName));
-
- while ((charread = reader.read(tempchars))!=-1){
-
- if ((charread == tempchars.length)&&(tempchars[tempchars.length-1] != 'r')){
- System.out.print(tempchars);
- }else{
- for (int i=0; i
- if(tempchars[i] == 'r'){
- continue;
- }else{
- System.out.print(tempchars[i]);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- } catch (Exception e1) {
- e1.printStackTrace();
- }finally {
- if (reader != null){
- try {
- reader.close();
- } catch (IOException e1) {
- }
- }
- }
- }
-
-
-
-
- public static void readFileByLines(String fileName){
- File file = new File(fileName);
- BufferedReader reader = null;
- try {
- System.out.println("以行为单位读取文件内容,一次读一整行:");
- reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
- String tempString = null;
- int line = 1;
-
- while ((tempString = reader.readLine()) != null){
-
- System.out.println("line " + line + ": " + tempString);
- line++;
- }
- reader.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- if (reader != null){
- try {
- reader.close();
- } catch (IOException e1) {
- }
- }
- }
- }
-
-
-
-
- public static void readFileByRandomAccess(String fileName){
- RandomAccessFile randomFile = null;
- try {
- System.out.println("随机读取一段文件内容:");
-
- randomFile = new RandomAccessFile(fileName, "r");
-
- long fileLength = randomFile.length();
-
- int beginIndex = (fileLength > 4) ? 4 : 0;
-
- randomFile.seek(beginIndex);
- byte[] bytes = new byte[10];
- int byteread = 0;
-
-
- while ((byteread = randomFile.read(bytes)) != -1){
- System.out.write(bytes, 0, byteread);
- }
- } catch (IOException e){
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- if (randomFile != null){
- try {
- randomFile.close();
- } catch (IOException e1) {
- }
- }
- }
- }
-
-
-
-
- private static void showAvailableBytes(InputStream in){
- try {
- System.out.println("当前字节输入流中的字节数为:" + in.available());
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- String fileName = "C:/temp/newTemp.txt";
- ReadFromFile.readFileByBytes(fileName);
- ReadFromFile.readFileByChars(fileName);
- ReadFromFile.readFileByLines(fileName);
- ReadFromFile.readFileByRandomAccess(fileName);
- }
- }
- 二、将内容追加到文件尾部
- import java.io.FileWriter;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
-
-
-
- public class AppendToFile {
-
-
-
-
-
- public static void appendMethodA(String fileName,
-
- String content){
- try {
-
- RandomAccessFile randomFile = new RandomAccessFile(fileName, "rw");
-
- long fileLength = randomFile.length();
-
- randomFile.seek(fileLength);
- randomFile.writeBytes(content);
- randomFile.close();
- } catch (IOException e){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
-
-
-
-
-
- public static void appendMethodB(String fileName, String content){
- try {
-
- FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(fileName, true);
- writer.write(content);
- writer.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- String fileName = "C:/temp/newTemp.txt";
- String content = "new append!";
-
- AppendToFile.appendMethodA(fileName, content);
- AppendToFile.appendMethodA(fileName, "append end. n");
-
- ReadFromFile.readFileByLines(fileName);
-
- AppendToFile.appendMethodB(fileName, content);
- AppendToFile.appendMethodB(fileName, "append end. n");
-
- ReadFromFile.readFileByLines(fileName);
- }
- }
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