编译和链接怎样影响MySQL的速度
下列大多数测试是在Linux上并用MySQL基准进行的，但是它们能对其它操作系统和工作负载给出一些指示。
当你用-static链接时，可以得到最快的可执行文件。
在Linux上，最好用pgcc和-O3编译服务器。为了用这些选项编译“sql_yacc.cc”，需要大约200M内存，因为gcc或pgcc需要大量的内存使所有函数嵌入（inline）。在配置MySQL时，也应该设定CXX=gcc以避免包括libstdc++库(它不需要)。请注意对于某些版本的pgcc，生成的二进制只能运行在真Pentium处理器上，即使你使用编译器选项说明你想让最终的代码在所有x586-类处理器上工作(例如AMD)。
只通过使用一个较好的编译器或较好的编译器选项，在应用中能得到10-30%的加速。如果你自己编译SQL服务器，这特别重要！
当我们测试Cygnus CodeFusion或Fujitsu编译器时，二者均还没足够不出错来让MySQL启用优化进行编译。
标准MySQL二进制分发编译为支持所有字符集。当你自己编译MySQL时，应只包括将使用的字符集的支持。通过configure的--with-charset选项来控制。
这里是我们做过的一些测量表：
· 如果你使用pgcc并用-O6编译，mysqld服务器比用gcc 2.95.2快11%。
· 如果你动态地链接(没有-static)，在Linux中结果慢了13%。注意你仍能在客户应用程序中使用动态链接MySQL库。只有服务器对性能是关键的。
· 如果你用strip mysqld剥离mysqld二进制，生成的二进制可以快4%。
· 对于在同一主机上运行的客户与服务器之间的连接，如果你使用TCP/IP而非Unix套接字文件进行连接，结果慢7.5%。(在Unix中，如果你连接localhost主机，MySQL默认使用一个套接字文件）。
· 对于从客户到服务器的TCP/IP连接，从另一台主机连接一台远程服务器要比连接同一主机上的服务器慢8-11%，即使通过100Mb/s以太网进行连接。
· 当使用安全连接运行我们的基准测试时(所有数据用内部SSL支持进行加密)，性能比未加密连接慢55%。
· 如果你用--with-debug=full编译，大多数查询慢20%。部分查询时间会很长；例如，MySQL基准的运行要慢35%。如果你使用--with-debug(没有=full)，速度只下降15%。对于用--with-debug=full编译的mysqld版本，可以用--skip-safemalloc选项启动以便在运行时禁用内存检查。执行速度则接近用--with-debug配置的时候。
· 在Sun UltraSPARC-Iie上，用Forte 5.0编译的服务器比用gcc 3.2编译的要快4%。
· 在Sun UltraSPARC-Iie上，用Forte 5.0编译的32位模式服务器比64位模式服务器要快4%。
· 用gcc 2.95.2编译带-mcpu=v8 -Wa的UltraSPARC，使用-xarch=v8plusa选项性能会提高4%。
· 在Solaris 2.5.1上，在单个处理器上MIT-pthreads比带原生线程的Solaris慢8-12%。如果有更大的负载/cpus，差别应该更大。
· 在Linux-x86上使用gcc编译而不用帧指针(-fomit-frame-pointer or -fomit-frame-pointer -ffixed-ebp)，可以使mysqld快1-4%。
MySQL AB提供的Linux上的二进制MySQL分发一般用pgcc编译。我们必须返回到常规gcc，因为pgcc中有一个bug，使生成的二进制不能在AMD上运行。我们将继续使用gcc直到该bug被解决。同时，如果你有一个非AMD机，你可以用pgcc编译构建一个更快的二进制。标准MySQL Linux二进制是通过静态链接，以使它更快并且更加易于移植。
[root@mysql1 mysql-5.1.41]# ./configure --help
`configure' configures this package to adapt to many kinds of systems.
Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE. See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.
Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.
Configuration:
-h, --help display this help and exit
--help=short display options specific to this package
--help=recursive display the short help of all the included packages
-V, --version display version information and exit
-q, --quiet, --silent do not print `checking...' messages
--cache-file=FILE cache test results in FILE [disabled]
-C, --config-cache alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'
-n, --no-create do not create output files
--srcdir=DIR find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']
Installation directories:
--prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
[/usr/local]
--exec-prefix=EPREFIX install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
[PREFIX]
By default, `make install' will install all the files in
`/usr/local/bin', `/usr/local/lib' etc. You can specify
an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' using `--prefix',
for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.
For better control, use the options below.
Fine tuning of the installation directories:
--bindir=DIR user executables [EPREFIX/bin]
--sbindir=DIR system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]
--libexecdir=DIR program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]
--sysconfdir=DIR read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]
--sharedstatedir=DIR modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]
--localstatedir=DIR modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]
--libdir=DIR object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]
--includedir=DIR C header files [PREFIX/include]
--oldincludedir=DIR C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]
--datarootdir=DIR read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]
--datadir=DIR read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]
--infodir=DIR info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]
--localedir=DIR locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]
--mandir=DIR man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]
--docdir=DIR documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/PACKAGE]
--htmldir=DIR html documentation [DOCDIR]
--dvidir=DIR dvi documentation [DOCDIR]
--pdfdir=DIR pdf documentation [DOCDIR]
--psdir=DIR ps documentation [DOCDIR]
Program names:
--program-prefix=PREFIX prepend PREFIX to installed program names
--program-suffix=SUFFIX append SUFFIX to installed program names
--program-transform-name=PROGRAM run sed PROGRAM on installed program names
System types:
--build=BUILD configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
--host=HOST cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]
--target=TARGET configure for building compilers for TARGET [HOST]
Optional Features:
--disable-option-checking ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
--disable-FEATURE do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
--enable-FEATURE[=ARG] include FEATURE [ARG=yes]
--disable-dependency-tracking speeds up one-time build
--enable-dependency-tracking do not reject slow dependency extractors
--enable-shared[=PKGS] build shared libraries [default=yes]
--enable-static[=PKGS] build static libraries [default=yes]
--enable-fast-install[=PKGS]
optimize for fast installation [default=yes]
--disable-libtool-lock avoid locking (might break parallel builds)
--disable-community-features
Disable additional features provided by the user
community.
--disable-thread-safe-client
Compile the client without threads.
--enable-assembler Use assembler versions of some string
functions if available.
--enable-profiling Build a version with query profiling code (req.
community-features)
--enable-local-infile Enable LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE (default: disabled)
--disable-grant-options Disables the use of --init-file, --skip-grant-tables and --bootstrap options
--disable-largefile Omit support for large files
--enable-debug-sync Build a version with Debug Sync Facility
Optional Packages:
--with-PACKAGE[=ARG] use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]
--without-PACKAGE do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)
选择字符集
--with-charset=CHARSET
Default character set, use one of:
binary
armscii8 ascii big5 cp1250 cp1251 cp1256 cp1257
cp850 cp852 cp866 cp932 dec8 eucjpms euckr gb2312 gbk geostd8
greek hebrew hp8 keybcs2 koi8r koi8u
latin1 latin2 latin5 latin7 macce macroman
sjis swe7 tis620 ucs2 ujis utf8
--with-collation=COLLATION
Default collation
--with-extra-charsets=CHARSET,CHARSET,...
Use charsets in addition to default (none, complex,
all, or a list selected from the above sets)
--without-uca Skip building of the national Unicode collations.
--with-system-type Set the system type, like "sun-solaris10"
--with-machine-type Set the machine type, like "powerpc"
--with-darwin-mwcc Use Metrowerks CodeWarrior wrappers on OS X/Darwin
--with-pic try to use only PIC/non-PIC objects [default=use
both]
--with-gnu-ld assume the C compiler uses GNU ld [default=no]
--with-other-libc=DIR Link against libc and other standard libraries
installed in the specified non-standard location
overriding default. Originally added to be able to
link against glibc 2.2 without making the user
upgrade the standard libc installation.
--with-server-suffix Append value to the version string.
--with-pthread Force use of pthread library.
--with-named-thread-libs=ARG
Use specified thread libraries instead of
those automatically found by configure.
--with-named-curses-libs=ARG
Use specified curses libraries instead of
those automatically found by configure.
本地连接使用unix套接字
--with-unix-socket-path=SOCKET
Where to put the unix-domain socket. SOCKET must be
an absolute file name.
远程tcp连接使用的端口号（多实例启动时常用）
--with-tcp-port=port-number
Which port to use for MySQL services (default 3306)
--with-mysqld-user=username
What user the mysqld daemon shall be run as.
--with-zlib-dir=no|bundled|DIR
Provide MySQL with a custom location of compression
library. Given DIR, zlib binary is assumed to be in
$DIR/lib and header files in $DIR/include.
--with-libwrap=DIR Compile in libwrap (tcp_wrappers) support
--with-pstack Use the pstack backtrace library
--with-debug Add debug code
--with-debug=full Add debug code (adds memory checker, very slow)
--with-error-inject Enable error injection in MySQL Server
- 与快速，互斥与（默认快速互斥编译被禁用）
--with-fast-mutexes Compile with fast mutexes (default is disabled)
--with-atomic-ops=rwlocks|smp|up
Implement atomic operations using pthread rwlocks or
atomic CPU instructions for multi-processor
(default) or uniprocessor configuration
选择静态编译
--with-mysqld-ldflags Extra linking arguments for mysqld
--with-client-ldflags Extra linking arguments for clients
--with-mysqld-libs Extra libraries to link with for mysqld
--with-lib-ccflags Extra CC options for libraries
--with-low-memory Try to use less memory to compile to avoid
memory limitations.
--with-comment Comment about compilation environment.
支持超大表
--with-big-tables Support tables with more than 4 G rows even on 32
bit platforms
--with-max-indexes=N Sets the maximum number of indexes per table,
default 64
--with-ssl=DIR Include SSL support
选择功能插件和引擎插件
--with-plugins=PLUGIN[[[,PLUGIN..]]]
Plugins to include in mysqld. (default is: none)
Must be a configuration name or a comma separated
list of plugins.
Available configurations are: none max max-no-ndb
all.
Available plugins are: partition daemon_example
ftexample archive blackhole csv example federated
heap ibmdb2i innobase innodb_plugin myisam myisammrg
ndbcluster.
--without-plugin-PLUGIN Disable the named plugin from being built.
Otherwise, for plugins which are not selected for
inclusion in mysqld will be built dynamically (if
supported)
--with-plugin-PLUGIN Forces the named plugin to be linked into mysqld
statically.
--with-ndb-sci=DIR Provide MySQL with a custom location of sci library.
Given DIR, sci library is assumed to be in $DIR/lib
and header files in $DIR/include.
--with-ndb-test Include the NDB Cluster ndbapi test programs
--with-ndb-docs Include the NDB Cluster ndbapi and mgmapi documentation
--with-ndb-port Port for NDB Cluster management server
--with-ndb-port-base Base port for NDB Cluster transporters
--without-ndb-debug Disable special ndb debug features
--with-ndb-ccflags=CFLAGS
Extra CFLAGS for ndb compile
--without-ndb-binlog Disable ndb binlog
仅安装客户端
--without-server Only build the client.
--with-embedded-server Build the embedded server (libmysqld).
--without-query-cache Do not build query cache.
--without-geometry Do not build geometry-related parts.
--with-embedded-privilege-control
Build parts to check user's privileges.
Only affects embedded library.
--with-mysqlmanager Build the mysqlmanager binary: yes/no (default:
build if server is built.)
--without-docs Skip building of the documentation.
--without-man Skip building of the man pages.
--without-readline Use system readline instead of bundled copy.
--without-libedit Use system libedit instead of bundled copy.
Some influential environment variables:
CC C compiler command
CFLAGS C compiler flags
LDFLAGS linker flags, e.g. -L if you have libraries in a
nonstandard directory
LIBS libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l
CPPFLAGS C/C++/Objective C preprocessor flags, e.g. -I if
you have headers in a nonstandard directory
CXX C++ compiler command
CXXFLAGS C++ compiler flags
CPP C preprocessor
CXXCPP C++ preprocessor
CCAS assembler compiler command (defaults to CC)
CCASFLAGS assembler compiler flags (defaults to CFLAGS)
Use these variables to override the choices made by `configure' or to help
it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.
请关注Supports build，有些插件是不支持静态编译的需要在性能和功能之间取舍
Description of plugins:
=== Partition Support ===
Plugin Name: partition
Description: MySQL Partitioning Support
Supports build: static
Configurations: max, max-no-ndb
=== Daemon Example Plugin ===
Plugin Name: daemon_example
Description: This is an example plugin daemon.
Supports build: dynamic
=== Simple Parser ===
Plugin Name: ftexample
Description: Simple full-text parser plugin
Supports build: dynamic
=== Archive Storage Engine ===
Plugin Name: archive
Description: Archive Storage Engine
Supports build: static and dynamic
Configurations: max, max-no-ndb
=== Blackhole Storage Engine ===
Plugin Name: blackhole
Description: Basic Write-only Read-never tables
Supports build: static and dynamic
Configurations: max, max-no-ndb
=== CSV Storage Engine ===
Plugin Name: csv
Description: Stores tables in text CSV format
Supports build: static
Status: mandatory 强制安装
=== Example Storage Engine ===
Plugin Name: example
Description: Example for Storage Engines for developers
Supports build: dynamic
Configurations: max, max-no-ndb
=== Federated Storage Engine ===
Plugin Name: federated
Description: Connects to tables on remote MySQL servers
Supports build: static and dynamic
Configurations: max, max-no-ndb
=== Memory Storage Engine ===
Plugin Name: heap
Description: Volatile memory based tables
Supports build: static
Status: mandatory
=== IBM DB2 for i Storage Engine ===
Plugin Name: ibmdb2i
Description: IBM DB2 for i Storage Engine
Supports build: dynamic
Configurations: max, max-no-ndb
=== InnoDB Storage Engine ===
Plugin Name: innobase
Description: Transactional Tables using InnoDB
Supports build: static and dynamic
Configurations: max, max-no-ndb
=== InnoDB Storage Engine ===
Plugin Name: innodb_plugin
Description: Transactional Tables using InnoDB
Supports build: dynamic
Configurations: max, max-no-ndb
=== MyISAM Storage Engine ===
Plugin Name: myisam
Description: Traditional non-transactional MySQL tables
Supports build: static
Status: mandatory
=== MyISAM MERGE Engine ===
Plugin Name: myisammrg
Description: Merge multiple MySQL tables into one
Supports build: static
Status: mandatory
=== Cluster Storage Engine ===
Plugin Name: ndbcluster
Description: High Availability Clustered tables
Supports build: static
Configurations: max
