MIPS宏指令手册

最近染指了一点MIPS架构的处理器，发现MIPS的ISA超级精简，感慨颇多啊，学院派的架构不禁让人有相见恨晚的感觉。吐槽一下MIPS的中文资料相比ARM真是凤毛麟角，有点疑问在中文博客论坛区真的不好找，希望龙芯能扛起MIPS大旗，真心盼望MIPS能在Imagination手里找到市场突破点。

之前看国外大学课程《微机原理》的视频都是拿MIPS说事，这真的是个不错的选择，因为MIPS架构的精简非常适合入门，想想现在国内课程大多数人第一次接触的指令往往都是8086或者8051，要把所有的指令分成1,2,3,n,......种字节，光是MOV和LEA就让我绕了一星期，更别提那各种各样的寻址方式，好麻烦的说。

说正题，MIPS的宏指令相对ARM多了不少，而且不同的汇编器肯定有自己特殊的宏指令，找了好久关于MIPS宏指令的文章，终于在这本书的附录里发现了一点系统化统计宏指令的东西，分享一下，同时推荐大家这本学习MIPS不错的书籍：

----《MIPS Assembly Language Programming》 Robert Britton 。

将宏指令的表格重新排版如下。

        Macro Instructions

seq.	Name	Brief	Actual Code	Space/Time	Description
1	abs Rd, Rs	Absolute Value	addu Rd, $0, Rs bgez Rs, 1 sub Rd, $0, Rs	3/3
2	beqz Rs, Label	Branch if Equal to Zero	beq Rs, $0, Label	1/1
3	bge Rs, Rt, Label	Branch if Greater than or Equal	slt $at, Rs, Rt 2/2 beq $at, $0, Label	2/2	If Reg.File[Rs] > = Reg.File[Rt] branch to Label Used to compare values represented in the two's complement number system.
4	bgeu Rs, Rt, Label	Branch if Greater than or Equal Unsigned	sltu $at, Rs, Rt beq $at, $0, Label	2/2	If Reg.File[Rs] > = Reg.File[Rt] branch to Label Used to compare addresses (unsigned values).
5	bgt Rs, Rt, Label	Branch if Greater Than	slt $at, Rt, Rs bne $at, $0, Label	2/2	If Reg.File[Rs] > Reg.File[Rt] branch to Label Used to compare values represented in the two's complement number system.
6	bgtu Rs, Rt, Label	Branch if Greater Than Unsigned	sltu $at, Rt, Rs bne $at, $0, Label	2/2	If Reg.File[Rs] > Reg.File[Rt] branch to Label Used to compare addresses (unsigned values).
7	ble Rs, Rt, Label	Branch if Less Than or Equal	slt $at, Rt, Rs beq $at, $0, Label	2/2	If Reg.File[Rs] < = Reg.File[Rt] branch to Label Used to compare values represented in the two's complement number system.
8	bleu Rs, Rt, Label	Branch if Less Than or Equal Unsigned	sltu $at, Rt, Rs  beq $at, $0, Label	2/2	If Reg.File[Rs] < = Reg.File[Rt] branch to Label Used to compare addresses (unsigned values).
9	blt Rs, Rt, Label	Branch if Less Than	slt $at, Rs, Rt  bne $at, $0, Label	2/2	If Reg.File[Rs] < Reg.File[Rt] branch to Label Used to compare values represented in the two's complement number system
10	bltu Rs, Rt, Label	Branch if Less Than Unsigned	sltu $at, Rs, Rt bne $at, $0, Label	2/2	If Reg.File[Rs] < Reg.File[Rt] branch to Label Used to compare addresses (unsigned values).
11	bnez Rs, Label	Branch if Not Equal to Zero	bne Rs, $0, Label	1/1
12	b Label	Branch Unconditional	bgez $0, Label	1/1
13	div Rd, Rs, Rt	Divide	bne Rt, $0, ok break $0 ok: div Rs, Rt mflo Rd	4/41
14	divu Rd, Rs, Rt	Divide Unsigned	bne Rt, $0, ok break $0 ok: divu Rs, Rt mflo Rd	4/41
15	la Rd, Label	Load Address	lui $at, Upper 16-bits of Label  ori Rd, $at, Lower 16-bits of Label	2/2	Used to initialize pointers
16	li Rd, value	Load Immediate	lui $at, Upper 16-bits of value ori Rd, $at, Lower 16-bits of value	2/2	Initialize registers with negative constants and values greater than 32767.
17	li Rd, value	Load Immediate	ori Rt, $0, value	1/1	Initialize registers with positive constants less than 32768.
18	move Rd, Rs	Move	addu Rd, $0, Rs	1/1
19	mul Rd, Rs, Rt	Multiply	mult Rs, Rt mflo Rd	2/33
20	mulo Rd, Rs, Rt	Multiply (with overflow exception)	mult Rs, Rt mfhi $at mflo Rd sra Rd, Rd, 31 beq $at, Rd, ok break $0 ok: mflo Rd	7/37
21	mulou Rd, Rs, Rt	Multiply Unsigned (with overflow exception)	multu Rs, Rt  mfhi $at beq $at, $0, ok ok: break $0 mflo Rd	5/35
22	neg Rd, Rs	Negate	sub Rd, $0, Rs	1/1	Two's complement negation. An exception is generated when there is an attempt to negate the most negative value: 2,147,483,648.
23	negu Rd, Rs	Negate Unsigned	subu Rd, $0, Rs	1/1
24	nop	Nop	or $0, $0, $0	1/1
25	not Rd, Rs	Not	nor Rd, Rs, $0	1/1	A bit-wise Boolean complement.
26	rem Rd, Rs, Rt	Remainder	bne Rt, $0, 8 break $0 div Rs, Rt mfhi Rd	4/40
27	remu Rd, Rs, Rt	Remainder Unsigned	bne Rt, $0, ok break $0 ok: divu Rs, Rt mfhi Rd	4/40
28	rol Rd, Rs, Rt	Rotate Left Variable	subu $at, $0, Rt srlv $at, Rs, $at sllv Rd, Rs, Rt or Rd, Rd, $at	4/4	The lower 5-bits in Rt specifys the shift amount.
29	ror Rd, Rs, Rt	Rotate Right Variable	subu $at, $0, Rt sllv $at, Rs, $at srlv Rd, Rs, Rt or Rd, Rd, $at	4/4
30	rol Rd, Rs, sa	Rotate Left Constant	srl $at, Rs, 32-sa sll Rd, Rs, sa or Rd, Rd, $at	3/3
31	ror Rd, Rs, sa	Rotate Right Constant	sll $at, Rs, 32-sa srl Rd, Rs, sa or Rd, Rd, $at	3/3
32	seq Rd, Rs, Rt	Set if Equal	beq Rt, Rs, yes ori Rd, $0, 0 beq $0, $0, skip yes: ori Rd, $0, 1 skip:	4/4
33	sge Rd, Rs, Rt	Set if Greater Than or Equal	bne Rt, Rs, yes ori Rd, $0, 1 beq $0, $0, skip yes: slt Rd, Rt, Rs skip:	4/4
34	sgeu Rd, Rs, Rt	Set if Greater Than or Equal Unsigned	bne Rt, Rs, yes  ori Rd, $0, 1 beq $0, $0, skip yes: sltu Rd, Rt, Rs skip:	4/4
35	sgt Rd, Rs, Rt	Set if Greater Than	slt Rd, Rt, Rs	1/1
36	sgtu Rd, Rs, Rt	Set if Greater Than Unsigned	sltu Rd, Rt, Rs	1/1
37	sle Rd, Rs, Rt	Set if Less Than or Equal	bne Rt, Rs, yes ori Rd, $0, 1 beq $0, $0, skip yes: slt Rd, Rs, Rt skip:	4/4
38	sleu Rd, Rs, Rt	Set if Less Than or Equal Unsigned	bne Rt, Rs, yes  ori Rd, $0, 1 beq $0, $0, skip yes: sltu Rd, Rs, Rt skip:	4/4
39	sne Rd, Rs, Rt	Set if Not Equal	beq Rt, Rs, yes ori Rd, $0, 1 beq $0, $0, skip yes: ori Rd, $0, 0 skip:	4/4
40	ulh Rd, 3(Rs)	Unaligned Load Halfword Unsigned	lb Rd, 4(Rs)  lbu $at, 3(Rs) sll Rd, Rd, 8 or Rd, Rd, $at	4/4
41	ulhu Rd, 3(Rs)	Unaligned Load Halfword	lbu Rd, 4(Rs) lbu $at, 3(Rs) sll Rd, Rd, 8 or Rd, Rd, $at	4/4
42	ulw Rd, 3(Rs)	Unaligned Load Word	lwl Rd, 6(Rs) lwr Rd, 3(Rs)	2/2
43	ush Rd, 3(Rs)	Unaligned Store Halfword	sb Rd, 3(Rs) srl $at, Rd, 8 sb $at, 4(Rs)	3/3
44	usw Rd, 3(Rs)	Unaligned Store Word	swl Rd, 6(Rs)  swr Rd, 3(Rs)	2/2