今天看到同事的代码call_with_throttling,这个函数写的十分tricky。
函数想在其他函数被调用时,能够不至于过快,尤其是爬虫,过快会被封号或者封IP,而让调用次数稳定在需要的次数上。
编写了一些测试代码,明白了这个函数的特性。
函数特性:
在刚开始的600次调用之前,由于smooth函数的作用,logs deque逐渐增长,而且随着队列增加而增长渐缓,不过渐缓的十分平滑,肉眼分辨不出。
只要调用频率超过默认的0.1s每个,smooth函数就会起作用。
调用次数超过600之后,队列会因为wait_for_threshold而sleep,稳定队列,保持600个,这样调用速率也稳定在0.1s每个了。
调整threshold_per_minute的大小,现象无太大变化。
代码:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Author: Yuande Liu
#
#
from collections import deque
import time
def call_with_throttling(func, args=(), kwargs={}, threshold_per_minute=600):
""" calling a func with throttling
Throttling the function call with ``threshold_per_minute`` calls per minute.
This is useful in case where the func calls a remote service having their throttling policy.
We must honor their throttling, otherwise we will be banned shortly.
:param func: the function to be called
:param args: args of that function
:param kwargs: kwargs of that function
:param threshold_per_minute: defines how many calls can be made to the function per minute
"""
if not hasattr(call_with_throttling, 'logs'):
call_with_throttling.logs = deque()
call_with_throttling.started_at = time.time()
call_with_throttling.count = 0
logs = call_with_throttling.logs
started_at = call_with_throttling.started_at
call_with_throttling.count += 1
count = call_with_throttling.count
def remove_outdated():
t = time.time()
while True:
if logs and logs[0] < t - 60:
logs.popleft()
else:
break
def wait_for_threshold():
while len(logs) > threshold_per_minute:
remove_outdated()
time.sleep(0.3)
def smoothen_calling_interval():
average_processing_time = (time.time() - started_at) / count
expected_processing_time = 60. / threshold_per_minute
if expected_processing_time > average_processing_time:
time.sleep((len(logs)+0.8)*expected_processing_time - len(logs)*average_processing_time)
average_processing_time = (time.time() - started_at) / count
expected_processing_time = 60. / threshold_per_minute
print [expected_processing_time, average_processing_time], [count, len(logs)], time.time()-started_at
if logs and len(logs) < threshold_per_minute:
smoothen_calling_interval()
else:
wait_for_threshold()
logs.append(time.time())
return func(*args, **kwargs)
def app():
return
# import Queue
# queue = Queue.Queue()
# list append is about 9 times faster than queue put
def generate_number(queue=[]):
""" generate numbers in the range -2^63 ~ 2^63-1
xrange or range can not take 2 ** 64 as a parameter.
We cut all the numbers into 2 ** 20 (about 1 million) pieces.
"""
begin = - 2 ** 63
end = 2 ** 63 - 1
step = 2 ** 43
while begin < end:
stop = begin + step
if stop > end:
stop = end
# queue.put((begin, stop))
queue.append((begin, stop))
begin = stop
return queue
def run():
queue = generate_number()
print 'generate numbers over.'
while len(queue):
# begin, end = queue.get()
begin, end = queue.pop(0)
for i in xrange(end - begin):
call_with_throttling(app)
if __name__ == '__main__':
run()
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