Links and Selected Readings
GCC-specific Literature
- by Brian J. Gough.
- , numerous contributors.
- by Andreas Bauer
<>.
- by Hans-Peter Nilsson <>.
-
by Joachim Nadler and Tim Josling
<>.
- .
- is used in GCC releases 3.0 and
above.
- by Dan Kegel.
Chip Documentation
The list below is based on the subdirectory names of the gcc/config
directory, which typically matches with the CPU name in the
configuration name. In some cases, different (but similar) CPUs are
put into one directory; the names in parentheses list such similar CPU
names.
- alpha
Manufacturer: Compaq (DEC)
The Alpha
OEM Documentation Library offers the Alpha Architecture
Handbook, chip hardware manuals, and info on associated core logic
chipsets.
documents the calling conventions for
Digital Unix; chapters 2-4 apply to other Alpha Unix systems as well.
- arc
Manufacturer: ARC Cores (Argonaut)
- arm (armv2, thumb)
Manufacturer: Various, by license from ARM
CPUs include: ARM7 and ARM7T series (eg. ARM7TDMI), ARM9 and StrongARM
ARM Documentation
- AVR
Manufacturer: Atmel
AVR Documentation
- Blackfin
Manufacturer: Analog Devices
Blackfin Documentation
- c4x
Manufacturer: Texas Instruments
Exact chip name: TMS320C4X
- CRIS
Manufacturer: Axis Communications
Acronym stands for: Code Reduced Instruction Set
The CRIS architecture is used in the ETRAX system-on-a-chip series.
Site with CPU documentation
- fr30
Manufacturer: Fujitsu
Acronym stands for: Fujitsu RISC
GDB includes a
generated simulator.
- h8300
Manufacturer: Renesas
Exact chip name: H8/300
GDB includes a simulator.
.
- i386 (i486, i586, i686, i786)
Manufacturer: Intel
Intel®64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manuals
Some information about optimizing for x86 processors, links to
x86 manuals and documentation:
Christian Ludloff's technical x86 processor information.
- i860
Manufacturer: Intel
- m32c
Manufacturer: Renesas
Renesas M16C Family (R32C/M32C/M16C) Site
GDB includes a simulator.
- m32r
Manufacturer: Renesas
GDB includes a CGEN generated simulator.
- m68hc11 (m68hc12)
Manufacturer: Motorola
GDB includes a 68HC11 and a 68HC12 simulator.
- m68k
Manufacturer: Motorola
- mcore
Manufacturer: Motorola
GDB includes a simulator.
- MeP
Manufacturer: Toshiba
SID includes a MeP simulator.
- mips (mipsel, mips64, mips64el)
The *el variants are little-endian configurations.
- MMIX
Manufacturer: none. There is a simulator, see links below.
Acronym stands for: Roman numeral for 2009, pronounced
[EM-micks]. The number stands for the average of numbers of "14
actual computers very similar to MMIX". The name may also be due to a
predecessor appropriately named MIX.
MMIX is used in program examples in Donald E. Knuth's
The Art
of Computer Programming (ISBN 0-201-89683-4).
Knuth's
MMIX page has more information about MMIX. Knuth also wrote a
book
specifically about MMIX (MMIXware, ISBN 3-540-66938-8).
- mn10300
Manufacturer: Matsushita
Alternate chip name: AM30
GDB includes a simulator.
- ns32k
Manufacturer: National Semiconductor
- pa
Manufacturer: HP
is preferred over the older HPPA acronym
(Hewlett-Packard Precision Architecture).
http://parisc-linux.org/documentation/index.html
is another good source of PA-RISC documention.
- pdp11
Manufacturer: DEC
- rs6000 (powerpc, powerpcle)
Manufacturer: IBM, Motorola
Documentation and tools at power.org
- rx
Manufacturer: Renesas
RX610 Hardware Manual
- sh
Manufacturer: Renesas, or various licensed by SuperH Inc
CPUs include: SH1, SH2, SH2-DSP, SH3, SH3-DSP, SH4, SH5 series.
Renesas SuperH Processors
GDB includes a simulator.
- sparc (sparclite, sparc64)
Manufacturer: Sun
Acronym stands for: Scalable Processor ARChitecture
UltraSPARC
Processors Documentation
- v850
Manufacturer: NEC
- vax
Manufacturer: DEC
- xtensa
Manufacturer: Tensilica
- z/Architecture (S/390)
Manufacturer: IBM
Collected Papers/Sites on Standards, Compilers, Optimization, Etc.
C information
- C standards information:
- Sequence point rules in C:
- C historical information:
- , by Dennis M. Ritchie (also in
and ).
- An early .
C++ information
Objective-C Information
Fortran information
- Fortran standards information:
-
(includes references to the current draft of the Fortran standard)
- Fortran historical information:
- Testing and Validation -
Some packages aimed at Fortran compiler validation.
-
by the NIST Information Technology Laboratory
()
The test suite contains legal and operational Fortran 77 code.
-
IDRIS
. It tests some Fortran 95
intrinsics.
-
The g77 testsuite (which is part of GCC).
-
Test suite of
, included in
its distribution. It contains some illegal code and therefore makes it
possible to stress the compiler error handling.
-
by
Arjen Markus (source provided).
-
test suite.
-
Tests of run-time checking capabilities
-
-
by H. Knoble & A. Desitter
- Other resources:
-
contains a "Tests and
Benchmarks" section mentioning commercial test suites.
-
Herman
D. Knoble's Fortran Resources contain some sections on compiler
validation and benchmarking.
-
Complying with Fortran 90, How does the current crop of
Fortran 90 compilers measure up to the standard?, Steven
Baker, Dr Dobb's, January 1995. It described the results of several
commercial test suites.
- Fortran packages -
Some packages containing (mostly) legal Fortan code.
-
Books with source code:
-
of Introducing Fortran 95 by Ian
Chivers and Jane Sleightholme.
-
of
Essential Fortran 90 & 95 by Loren Meissner.
-
of Introduction To Fortran 90/95 by Stephen
Chapman.
-
of Fortran 90/95 for Scientists and Engineers
by Stephen Chapman.
-
Michel Olagnon's
.
-
from Alan
J. Miller.
- Historical material -
A few links for your enjoyment.
Ada information
- Ada standards information:
- Related standards:
- Compiler validation:
- Other resources:
Modula 3 information
Miscellaneous information
-
by David Goldberg, including Doug Priest's supplement (PDF format)
-
by Doug Priest (included in the PostScript-format document above)
- , an
ongoing revision to the IEEE 754 floating point standard.
- EG3 maintains a list of compiler Internet resources, including FAQ's,
papers, hot list pages, potential software/shareware, all known companies, etc.:
- These resource pages are published as part of EG3's Free Electronic Engineers' Toolbox at:
- Steven Muchnick (1997) "Advanced Compiler Design and Implementation".
880pp. ISBN: 1-55860-320-4.
- Robert Morgan (1998) "Building an Optimizing Compiler".
300pp. ISBN: 1-55558-179-X.
- has quite a bit
on .
- and .
Chip Documentation of Obsolete Ports
Below is the list of ports that GCC used to support.
- 1750a
Exact chip name: MIL-STD-1750A processor
Manufacturers: various
- a29k
Manufacturer: AMD
- clipper
Manufacturer: Intergraph
Exact machine name: CLIPPER
- convex (c1, c2, c3[248])
Manufacturer: Convex (HP)
- d30v
Manufacturer: Mitsubishi
There is no longer any reference to this chip anywhere on the
manufacturer's web site; it may be dead.
GDB includes a simulator.
- dsp16xx
Manufacturer: AT&T
- i960
Manufacturer: Intel
GDB includes a simulator.
- m88k
Manufacturer: Motorola
- mn10200
Manufacturer: Matsushita
GDB includes a simulator.
- pj (picoJava)
Manufacturer: Sun
- romp
Manufacturer: IBM
Acronym stands for: Research/Office Products MicroProcessor
The ROMP was the processor inside the IBM PC/RT.
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