(1),
ls -li 显示文件块号;
ls -R dir 递归显示dir目录下的内容,
(2),
# prtconf | grep -v not
(3),(必考)
devfsadm -c device_class
----------------devfsadm 参数汇总----------------------
-c 指定class
-i 检测指定设备名;
-v 检测硬件,更改/dev and /devices目录内容;
-C 检测删除硬件,更改目录内容;
----------------------------------------------------------
(4),
newfs /dev/rdsk/c1t3d0s0
在newfs创建文件系统时,会留出1%-10%的空间给newfs给维护所用,这个参数就是minfree,可用命令fstyp查看minfree的值;在newfs创建文件系统时可以用 newfs -m %free 来指定;
(5),
fstyp -v /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 | head -10 显示free的大小;
如果不加-v参数,则只显示挂接的文件类型:如只显ufs
(6),
如果想修改此参数,可用以下命令:
tunefs -m 1 /dev/rdsk/c1t3d0s0
(7)
可以用prtvtoc 命令把磁盘的VTOC保存到一个文件中:
例如: prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c1t0d0s2 >; /vtoc/c1t0d0
可以把prtvtoc命令的输出内容导入到另外一块硬盘中去:
例如: fmthard -s datafile /dev/rdsk/c #t #d #s2
(
df – Displays the number of free disk blocks
(9)
du – Summarizes disk use
(10)
quot – Summarizes file system ownership
(11),
使用mountall命令:
mountall -l 只mount本地的所有文件系统;
---------------------------------------------------
Using the fstyp Command来查看文件类型:
# fstyp /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s7
ufs
---------------------------------------------------
(12)
使用mount命令的option
Some options used to mount local file systems include: ro, nosetuid,
noatime, nolargefiles, and logging.
----------------------------------------------------
(13)
umount所有文件系统:
#umountall
umount所有本地的文件系统:
#umountall -l
----------------------------------
fuser command – Lists all of the processes that are accessing the file
system and kills them if necessary
----------------------------------------------
(14),
umountall状态为busy的系统:
以下四种情况,文件系统都会显示:umount: file_system_name busy
1 A program is accessing a file or directory in the file system
2 A user is accessing a directory or file in the file system
3 A program has a file open in that file system
4 The file is being shared
有两种方法解决:
(1) 使用fuser命令来确认挂接点有那些进程在访问,然后杀掉
(2) 用umount -f 强制umount;
(15),
--------------------------------------------------------------
volume management两个重要文件:
/etc/vold.conf volume management配置文件,配置一些条目,如插入,弹出设备时的动作,
那些设备被volume management管理,那些设备是不安全弹出等.
/etc/rmmount.conf rmmount命令的配置文件,rmmount是一个被volume management在光盘或
软盘弹出时执行的命令;
(16),
----------------------------------------------
volcheck检测diskette和其它可移动设备.
(17),
-------------------------------------------
停止卷管理服务:
# /etc/init.d/volmgt stop 或 # pkill -9 vold
启动卷管理服务:
# /etc/init.d/volmgt start
-----------------------------------------------
(1,
# pkginfo | more
显示所有软件包的详细信息:
# pkginfo -l | more
显示SUNWman软件包的详细信息:
# pkginfo -l SUNWman
显示系统已安装软件包的数量:
# pkginfo | wc -l
(19),
显示光盘相关目录的软件包:
pkginfo -d /cdrom/cdrom0/s0/Solaris_9/Product |more
提示:光盘CD1of2 中放了core and END USER software Groups
cd2 of 2 中放了Developer, Entire Distribution, and Entire Distribution Plus OEM Support software groups.
(20),
安装软件包从光盘到系统中:
# pkgadd -d . SUNWns6m
(21),
查看软件安装状况:
# pkgchk SUNWcarx
加-v 参数可查看软件包安装在那些目录下放置了文件:
# pkgchk -v SUNWcarx
查看文件状态:
#pkgchk -p /etc/passwd
查看passwd文件什么时候软件包创建,最一次修改时间以及原始文件大小,及现在大小;
#pkgchk -l -p /etc/group
查看此文件被那个软件包创建,以及一些相关信息;
提示:必须使用绝对路径,否则不显示信息;
(22), 删除软件包:
# pkgrm SUNWapchr 删除软件包SUNWapchr
(23),
增加一个软件包spool 路径:
默认情况下,spool路径放在/var/spool/pkg ,
增加方法如下:
# pkgadd -d /cdrom/cdrom0/s0/Solaris_9/Product -s spool SUNWensqr.u
如果想删除spool路径:
# pkgrm -s spool SUNWensqr.u
如果想增加一个spool中径到一个自己指定的目录/export/pkg下,则如下操作:
# pkgadd -d /cdrom/cdrom0/s0/Solaris_9/Product -s /export/pkg SUNWensqr.u
# pkgrm -s /export/pkg SUNWensqr.u
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(24),
安装:
# patchadd 105050-01
# patchrm 105050-01
安装patch cluster:
patch cluster由推荐补丁,安全补丁以及Y2K patch组成;安装时必须在/ /var /usr /opt有至少10M的空间,会把patch存在/var/sadm/pkg目录,也可-nosave,将不能对个别patch进行恢复删除,
# cd patch_cluster_directory
# ./install_cluster
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(25),To display revsion of OpenBoot PROM :
#/usr/platform/'uname -m'/sbin/prtdiag -v
---------------------------------------------------------------------
(26), NVRAM 's noneditable area :
The Ethernet address, such as 8:0:20:5d:6f:9e
The HostID value ,such as 805d6f83
(27),stop + D
stop + N
Stop + A 三个命令的作用
(2,停止在系统运行时stop+A的作用:
/etc/default/kbd
删除KEYBOARD ABORT=disable的注册符;
--------------------------------------------------------------------
(29),Boot PROM command: (必考)
banner---- displays the power-on banner(also list Ethernet address,HostID,model name , boot PROM version,the amount of memory.)
boot ---- boots the system(-s boot the system to single-usermode;
-a boot the system interactively;
-v boots the system displaying more detailed info;
-r Performs a reconfigration boot.)
help ---- Lists the main help categories
words ---- displays the FORTH words in the dictionary
sifting text ----- Displays the FORTH commands contianing text
Printenv ---- Dislplays all paramenter's current and default values.
setenv ---- set the specified NVRAM parameter to some value.
reset-all ---- Resets the entire system; similar to a power cycle.
set-defaults ---- Resets all paramter values to the factory defualts.
probe-ide
probe-scsi
probe-fcal-all
probe-scsi-all
probe-ide
probe-pci-slot
test ---- Runs self-test on specified devices;
.version ---- Displays the version and the date of the boot PROM;
.enet-addr ---- Displays the Ethernet address;
.idprom ---- Displays the IP PROM contents.
.speed ---- Displays the speed oft processor and of the buses attached to the sytem;
.registers ----- Displays the contents of the registers;
show-devs ---- view the entire device tree;
devalias ---- To identify the current boot device alias for the system;
nvalias ---- Creat a new device alias name;
nvunalias ---- Remove a custom device alias name;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(30),Identifying RUN level (必考)
0 and S and 1 , this three level differ;
difference between 2 and 3 level;
0 ,PROM monitor
S , single-user mode with critical file systems;
1 , single-user mode with all available local file systems;
2 , multiuser mode, All system daemons are running except NFS and other network resource;
3 , multiuser mode , all system and has NFS ,/etc/inittab file default level;
5 , shutdown and power off;
6 , shutdown and reboots to the default run level.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(31),reboot or shutdown system command
init 5 change run level to 5 and poweroff
init 6 reboot system to default run level;
halt shutdwon system ,stop the solaris OE ,change run level to 0
shutdown shutdown -g 30 -i 5 -y ,have grace period;
poweroff immediate shutdown
reboot immediate shutwon and reinitialization system;
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
(32),
useing the solaris OE Print Manager
/user/sadm/admin/bin/printmgr &
----------------------------------------------------------------------
(33), administering Printer services
lpadmin
lpstat
lpshut
---------------------------------------------------
(34), pinter command;
accept ---- permits print requests to the queued
reject ---- prevents print requests from queued
enable ---- activate the specified printers
disable---- deactivates the specified printers
lpmove ---- moves the print requests
----------------------------------------------------
(35), useing the CDE process manager
/usr/dt/bin/sdtprocess &
-------------------------------------------------------------
(36), prstat command and the option (必考)
-a ---- displays separate reports
-c ---- continuously prints new reports
-n nproc ---- restricts the number of output lines
-p pidlist ---- reports only on processes that have a PID
-s key ---- sort output lines by key in descending
-S key ---- sort output lines bye key in ascending
-t ---- reports total usage summary for ech user
-u euidlist ---- reports only processes that EUID
-U euidlist ---- reports only processes that real UID
----------------------------------------------------------------
(37), kill and pkill command
1 ----- SIGHUP hangup
2 ----- SIGINT interrupt
9 ----- SIGKILL kill
15 ---- SIGTERM terminate
--------------------------------------------------------------
(3,scheduling an Automatic one-time execution
at command
-m ---- sends mail to the user
-r job ---- removes a scheduled at job from the queue
time ---- specifies a time
-l ---- reports all jobs
date ---- specifies an optional date
------------------------------------------------------
(39), at.deny and at.allow file
if at.allow file exists, only the users listed in this at.allow file.
if at.allow file does not exists, all users except for users listed in at.deny;
if neither file exists, only the root can use the at comman;
------------------------------------------------------------------
(40), /var/spool/cron/crontabs
10 3 * * 0 /usr/sbin/log/adm
minute
hour
day
month
day of week
command
cron.allow and cron.deny similar to at.allow and at.deny
-------------------------------------------------------------------
(41), mt command
mt -f tape-device-name command count
mt status ---- displays status information about the tape drive;
mt rewind ---- rewind the tape
mt offline ---- rewinds the tape and ,takes the drive offline
mt fsf count ---- moves the tape forward count records
------------------------------------------------------------------
(42), backing up an Unmounted File systems
ufsdump option argument filesystem_name
0-9 ---- back up level
v ------ verify
S ----- size estimate.
l ---- autoload
o ---- offline
u ---- update
n ---- notify
f device ---- specify.
N ---- incrmental backup
e.g. : ufsdump 0uf /dev/rmt/0 /export/home
-------------------------------------------------------------------
(43), restor a ufs file system
ufsrestore option argument filsystem
t ---- lists the table of contents of the backup media
r ---- restors the entire file system
x file1 file2 ---- restores only the files
i ---- invoke interactive restore
v ---- verbos mode
f device ---- specifies the tape device name
-------------------------------------------------------------
(44),fssnap command
-d ---- delete the snapshot associated with the geiven file system;
if the -o unlink option was used when you built the snapshot,the
backing-store file is deleted together with th snapshot.
-F FSType ---- specifies the file systme type to be used
-i ------ displays the state of the snapshot
-V ------ echoes the complete command line but does note execute
-o ------ enable you to use special_option
-----------------------------------------------------------------
备注:
从做boson来看以上内容是学习中需要掌握的
补充:
第一章的常用目录是必考内容,以及patchadd command error code 也是必考的,38个error code是需要记住的.
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