3. Booting and Shutting Down

3. Booting and Shutting Down
3.1 Bootstrapping
Recovery boot to a shell
Steps in the boot process
1>Reading of the boot loader from the master boot record
2>Loading and initialization of the kernel
3>Device detection and configuration
4>Creation of kernel processes
5>Administrator intervention(single-user mode only)
6>Execution of system startup scripts
Kernel initialization
/unix, /vmunix, /boot/vmlinuz
Hardware configuration
Creation of kernel processes
Operator interventon(recovery mode only)
Execution of startup scripts
Boot process completion
3.2 Booting PCs
BIOS
MBR
3.3 GRUB: The Grand Unified Boot Loader
GRUB's job is to choose a kernel from a previously assembled list and to load that kernel with options specified by the administrator.
/boot/grub/menu.lst, /boot/grub/grub.conf
GRUB command-line options
reboot, find, root, kernel, help, boot
Kernel options
Multibooting
3.4 Booting to single-user mode
Single-user mode with GRUB
grub append> ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet single
Single-user mode on SPARC
HP-UX single-user mode
AIX single-user mode
3.5 Working with startup scripts
init and its run levels
Overview of startup scripts
Red Hat startup scripts
SUSE startup scripts
Ubuntu startup scripts and the Upstart daemon
HP-UX startup scripts
AIX startup
3.6 Booting Solaris
The Solaris service management facility
A brave new world: booting with SMF
3.7 Rebooting and shutting down
shutdown: the genteel way to halt the system
halt and reboot: simpler ways to shutdown
3.8 Exercises