常用的PC/SC接口函数

转载:http://blog.csdn.net/yxstars/article/details/41522467

 PC/SC规范是一个基于WINDOWS平台的一个标准用户接口（API），提供了一个从个人电脑（Personal Computer）到智能卡（SmartCard）的整合环境，PC/SC规范建立在工业标准-ISO7816和EMV标准的基础上，但它对底层的设备接口和独立于设备的应用API接口（例如用来允许多个应用共享使用系统同一张智能卡的资源管理器）做了更详尽的补充。PC/SC体系由三个主要部件组成，分别规定的操作系统厂商、读写器（IFD）厂商、智能卡（ICC）厂商的职责。PC/SC的API函数由操作系统提供，在微软公司提供的MSDN有相关帮助（路径\\MSDN\Platform SDK\Security\Smart Card），函数声明在Winscard.h中。
   由于经常使用，所以我将PC/SC几个常用函数进行封装，方便调用。

1.载入头文件

#include <WinSCard.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"WinSCard.lib")

#define NUMBER_OF_READERS   4
#define INDEX_LENGTH        2
#define KEY_LENGTH          32
#define NAME_LENGTH         100
#define MAX_INPUT           1024
#define MAX_OUTPUT          4000
#define MAX_RESPONSE        2000

2 建立资源管理器的上下文，并获得读卡器列表

/************************************************************************/
/*
   与读卡器建立连接
   返回：连接失败0，否则返回读卡器列表数目
*/
/************************************************************************/

extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int CardReaderInit(
    char* messageBuffer,                   //_out_ 返回错误信息
    char(*ReaderName)[NAME_LENGTH],        //_out_ 返回读卡器列表信息
    SCARDCONTEXT* ContextHandle            //_out_ 返回读卡器句柄
    )
{
    // extra initialization
    //char  ReaderName[NUMBER_OF_READERS][NAME_LENGTH];
    memset(messageBuffer, 0, NAME_LENGTH);
    memset(ReaderName[0], 0, NAME_LENGTH);
    memset(ReaderName[1], 0, NAME_LENGTH);
    memset(ReaderName[2], 0, NAME_LENGTH);
    memset(ReaderName[3], 0, NAME_LENGTH);

    PBYTE pOutBuffer = (PBYTE)malloc(MAX_OUTPUT);
    int OutBufferLine = 0;

    PBYTE pResponseBuffer = (PBYTE)malloc(MAX_RESPONSE);

    memset(pResponseBuffer, 0x00, MAX_RESPONSE);

    //
    //  Open a context which communication to the Resource Manager
    //
    long ret = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_USER, NULL, NULL, ContextHandle);

    if (ret != SCARD_S_SUCCESS) {
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "Function SCardEstablishContext returned 0x%X error code.", ret);
        return false;
    }

    int ReaderCount = 0;
    unsigned long ResponseLength = MAX_RESPONSE;

    ret = SCardListReaders(*ContextHandle, 0, (char *)pResponseBuffer, &ResponseLength);

    if (ret != SCARD_S_SUCCESS) {
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "Function SCardListReaders returned 0x%X error code.", ret);
        return false;
    }
    else {
        unsigned int        StringLen = 0;
        SCARDHANDLE CardHandle = NULL;
        while (ResponseLength > StringLen + 1) {
            strcpy(ReaderName[ReaderCount], (LPCTSTR)pResponseBuffer + StringLen);
            DWORD   ActiveProtocol = 0;
            ret = SCardConnect(*ContextHandle, ReaderName[ReaderCount], SCARD_SHARE_SHARED, SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0 | SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1, &CardHandle, &ActiveProtocol);
            if (ret != SCARD_E_UNKNOWN_READER)
                ReaderCount++;
            if (ret == SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
                SCardDisconnect(CardHandle, SCARD_EJECT_CARD);
            StringLen += strlen((LPCTSTR)pResponseBuffer + StringLen + 1);
            StringLen += 2;
        }
    }

    if (ReaderCount == 0) {
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "No driver is available for use with the resource manager!");
        return false;
    }

    return ReaderCount;
}

3 读卡器与智能卡连接

/************************************************************************/
/*
    与卡片建立连接
    返回：连接失败0，否则返回1
*/
/************************************************************************/
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) bool CardConnect(
    SCARDCONTEXT ContextHandle,           //_in_  传入读卡器句柄
    char(*ReaderName)[NAME_LENGTH],       //_in_  传入读卡器列表信息(二维数组)
    int actName,                          //_in_  传入选择的列表序号
    SCARDHANDLE *CardHandle,              //_out_ 返回卡片句柄
    long* ProtocolType,                   //_out_ 返回卡片协议
    char* messageBuffer                   //_out_ 返回错误信息
    )
{      // <span style="font-family: 'Courier New';font-size:14px;">ScardTransmit  </span><a target=_blank target="_blank" href="'Courier New';font-size:14px;"> style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:none;background-color:inherit;">
    DWORD   ActiveProtocol = 0;
    *ProtocolType = SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0 | SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1;
    long ret = SCardConnect(ContextHandle, ReaderName[actName], SCARD_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE, *ProtocolType, CardHandle, &ActiveProtocol);

    memset(messageBuffer, 0x00, sizeof(messageBuffer) / sizeof(char));
    if (ret != SCARD_S_SUCCESS){
        GetErrorCode(ret, messageBuffer);
        return false;
    }

    *ProtocolType = ActiveProtocol;

    switch (*ProtocolType) {
    case SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "Function SCardConnect ok\nProtocoltype = T0");
        break;
    case SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "Function SCardConnect ok\nProtocoltype = T1");
        break;
    default:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "Function SCardConnect ok\n%.8x", ActiveProtocol);
        break;
    }

    return true;
}

4 断开与读卡器的连接

/************************************************************************/
/*
    与卡片断开连接
    返回：连接成功0.否则错误(v=vs.85).aspx
*/
/************************************************************************/
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) long CardDisconnect(
    SCARDHANDLE CardHandle               //_in_ 传入卡片句柄
    )
{
    return SCardDisconnect(CardHandle, SCARD_EJECT_CARD);
}

5 释放资源管理上下文

/************************************************************************/
/*
    与读卡器断开连接
    返回：连接成功0.否则错误(v=vs.85).aspx
*/
/************************************************************************/
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) long CardReaderDisconnect(
    SCARDCONTEXT ContextHandle           //_in_ 传入读卡器句柄
    )
{
    return SCardReleaseContext(ContextHandle);
}

6 向智能卡发送指令

int Transmit(byte* cmd,
    long ProtocolType,
    SCARDHANDLE CardHandle
    )
int Transmit(byte* cmd, long ProtocolType, SCARDHANDLE CardHandle)
{
    char    mhstr[MAX_INPUT];
    char    buf[MAX_INPUT / 2];
    PBYTE   pInBuffer;
    PBYTE   pResponseBuffer;
    memset(mhstr, 0, MAX_INPUT);

    sprintf_s(mhstr, MAX_INPUT, "%s", cmd);
    int bufferLen = AToHex((char *)&mhstr, (BYTE *)&buf);
    if (!bufferLen)  {
        return false;
    }

    SCARD_IO_REQUEST IO_Request;
    IO_Request.dwProtocol = ProtocolType;
    IO_Request.cbPciLength = (DWORD) sizeof(SCARD_IO_REQUEST);

    pInBuffer = (PBYTE)malloc(MAX_INPUT);
    memcpy(pInBuffer, buf, bufferLen);
    pResponseBuffer = (PBYTE)malloc(MAX_INPUT);
    memset(pResponseBuffer, 0x00, bufferLen);

    unsigned long ResponseLength = MAX_RESPONSE;

    long ret = SCardTransmit(CardHandle, &IO_Request, pInBuffer, bufferLen, 0, pResponseBuffer, &ResponseLength);

    if (ret != SCARD_S_SUCCESS){
        GetErrorCode(ret, (char*)cmd);
        return false;
    }

    DataX::AscToHex(pResponseBuffer, ResponseLength, cmd);
    cmd[ResponseLength * 2] = 0x00;
    return ResponseLength * 2;
}

7 获取错误信息

void GetErrorCode(long ret, char* messageBuffer)
{
    switch (ret) {
    case SCARD_E_CANCELLED:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The action was cancelled by an SCardCancel request.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_CANT_DISPOSE:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The system could not dispose of the media in the requested manner.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_CARD_UNSUPPORTED:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The smart card does not meet minimal requirements for support.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_DUPLICATE_READER:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The reader driver didn't produce a unique reader name.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The data buffer to receive returned data is too small for the returned data.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_INVALID_ATR:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "An ATR obtained from the registry is not a valid ATR string.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The supplied handle was invalid.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "One or more of the supplied parameters could not be properly interpreted.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_INVALID_TARGET:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "Registry startup information is missing or invalid.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "One or more of the supplied parameters?values could not be properly interpreted.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_NOT_READY:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The reader or card is not ready to accept commands.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_NOT_TRANSACTED:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "An attempt was made to end a non-existent transaction.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "Not enough memory available to complete this command.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The Smart card resource manager is not running.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_NO_SMARTCARD:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The operation requires a smart card but no smart card is currently in the device.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_PCI_TOO_SMALL:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The PCI Receive buffer was too small.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_PROTO_MISMATCH:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The requested protocols are incompatible with the protocol currently in use with the card.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The specified reader is not currently available for use.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_READER_UNSUPPORTED:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The reader driver does not meet minimal requirements for support.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_SERVICE_STOPPED:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The Smart card resource manager has shut down.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_SHARING_VIOLATION:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The card cannot be accessed because of other connections outstanding.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_SYSTEM_CANCELLED:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The action was cancelled by the system presumably to log off or shut down.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_TIMEOUT:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The user-specified timeout value has expired.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_UNKNOWN_CARD:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The specified card name is not recognized.");
        break;
    case SCARD_E_UNKNOWN_READER:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The specified reader name is not recognized.");
        break;
    case SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "An internal communications error has been detected.");
        break;
    case SCARD_F_INTERNAL_ERROR:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "An internal consistency check failed.");
        break;
    case SCARD_F_UNKNOWN_ERROR:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "An internal error has been detected but the source is unknown.");
        break;
    case SCARD_F_WAITED_TOO_LONG:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "An internal consistency timer has expired.");
        break;
    case SCARD_S_SUCCESS:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "OK");
        break;
    case SCARD_W_REMOVED_CARD:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The card has been removed so that further communication is not possible.");
        break;
    case SCARD_W_RESET_CARD:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The card has been reset so any shared state information is invalid.");
        break;
    case SCARD_W_UNPOWERED_CARD:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "Power has been removed from the card so that further communication is not possible.");
        break;
    case SCARD_W_UNRESPONSIVE_CARD:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The card is not responding to a reset.");
        break;
    case SCARD_W_UNSUPPORTED_CARD:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The reader cannot communicate with the card due to ATR configuration conflicts.");
        break;
    default:
        sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "Function returned unknown error code: #%ld", ret);
        break;
    }
}

8 复位卡片

bool CpuReset(SCARDHANDLE CardHandle, byte* atr)
{
    CHAR            szReader[200];
    DWORD           cch = 200;
    BYTE            bAttr[32];
    DWORD           cByte = 32;
    DWORD           dwState, dwProtocol;
    LONG            lReturn;
    string          AtrValue;

    memset(bAttr, 0, 32);
    memset(szReader, 0, 200);

    // Determine the status.
    // hCardHandle was set by an earlier call to SCardConnect.
    lReturn = SCardStatus(CardHandle,
        szReader,
        &cch,
        &dwState,
        &dwProtocol,
        (LPBYTE)&bAttr,
        &cByte);

    if (SCARD_S_SUCCESS != lReturn)
        return FALSE;

    DataX::AscToHex(bAttr, cByte, atr);
    return TRUE;
}