[Android] Intent 用法大公開

How to use Intent to send an email, SMS, open a web browser, show map, etc.?

Intent 應該算是 Andorid 中特有的東西。你可以在 Intent 中，指定要應用程式執行的動作 (view, edit, dial)，以及應用程式執行該動作時，所需要的資料。都指定好後，只要透過 startActivity()，Android 系統會自動尋找，最符合你指定要求的應用程式，並喚起執行該應用程式。

不過，這部份的文件還不是很完整。 有列一些。底下是我收集的一些用法，分享出來給有需要的你。有些還沒有實際驗證過，如果發現有錯誤，或有新的用法，也請告訴我。

顯示網頁

Uri uri = Uri.parse("");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(it);

Uri uri = Uri.parse(""); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); startActivity(it);

顯示地圖

Uri uri = Uri.parse("geo:38.899533,-77.036476");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(it);
//其他 geo URI 範例
//geo:latitude,longitude
//geo:latitude,longitude?z=zoom
//geo:0,0?q=my+street+address
//geo:0,0?q=business+near+city
//google.streetview:cbll=lat,lng&cbp=1,yaw,,pitch,zoom&mz=mapZoom

Uri uri = Uri.parse("geo:38.899533,-77.036476"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); startActivity(it); //其他 geo URI 範例 //geo:latitude,longitude //geo:latitude,longitude?z=zoom //geo:0,0?q=my+street+address //geo:0,0?q=business+near+city //google.streetview:cbll=lat,lng&cbp=1,yaw,,pitch,zoom&mz=mapZoom

路徑規劃

Uri uri = Uri.parse("%20startLng&daddr=endLat%20endLng&hl=en");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(it);
//where startLat, startLng, endLat, endLng are a long with 6 decimals like: 50.123456

Uri uri = Uri.parse("%20startLng&daddr=endLat%20endLng&hl=en"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); startActivity(it); //where startLat, startLng, endLat, endLng are a long with 6 decimals like: 50.123456

撥打電話

//叫出撥號程式
Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:[phone]");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, uri);
startActivity(it);

//叫出撥號程式 Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:[phone]"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, uri); startActivity(it);

//直接打電話出去
Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:[phone]");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL, uri);
startActivity(it);
//用這個，要在 AndroidManifest.xml 中，加上
//

//直接打電話出去 Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:[phone]"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL, uri); startActivity(it); //用這個，要在 AndroidManifest.xml 中，加上 //

傳送 SMS/MMS

//叫起簡訊程式
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text");
it.setType("vnd.android-dir/mms-sms");
startActivity(it);

//叫起簡訊程式 Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text"); it.setType("vnd.android-dir/mms-sms"); startActivity(it);

//傳送簡訊
Uri uri = Uri.parse("smsto:0800000123");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);
it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text");
startActivity(it);

//傳送簡訊 Uri uri = Uri.parse("smsto:0800000123"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri); it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text"); startActivity(it);

//傳送 MMS
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://media/external/images/media/23");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
it.putExtra("sms_body", "some text");
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri);
it.setType("image/png");
startActivity(it);

//傳送 MMS Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://media/external/images/media/23"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); it.putExtra("sms_body", "some text"); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri); it.setType("image/png"); startActivity(it);

傳送 Email

Uri uri = Uri.parse("mailto:[e-mail]");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);
startActivity(it);

Uri uri = Uri.parse("mailto:[e-mail]"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri); startActivity(it);

Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, "[e-mail]");
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");
it.setType("text/plain");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));

Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, "[e-mail]"); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text"); it.setType("text/plain"); startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));

Intent it=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
String[] tos={"[e-mail]"};
String[] ccs={"[e-mail]"};
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, tos);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, ccs);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");
it.setType("message/rfc822");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));

Intent it=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); String[] tos={"[e-mail]"}; String[] ccs={"[e-mail]"}; it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, tos); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, ccs); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text"); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text"); it.setType("message/rfc822"); startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));

//傳送附件檔
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "file:///sdcard/mysong.mp3");
sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));

//傳送附件檔 Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text"); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "file:///sdcard/mysong.mp3"); sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3"); startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));

播放多媒體

Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
Uri uri = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/song.mp3");
it.setDataAndType(uri, "audio/mp3");
startActivity(it);

Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); Uri uri = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/song.mp3"); it.setDataAndType(uri, "audio/mp3"); startActivity(it);

Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "1");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(it);

Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "1"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); startActivity(it);

Market 相關

//尋找某個應用程式
Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://search?q=pname:pkg_name");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(it);
//where pkg_name is the full package path for an application

//尋找某個應用程式 Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://search?q=pname:pkg_name"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); startActivity(it); //where pkg_name is the full package path for an application

//顯示某應用程式詳細畫面
Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://details?id=app_id");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(it);
//where app_id is the application ID, find the ID
//by clicking on your application on Market home
//page, and notice the ID from the address bar

//顯示某應用程式詳細畫面 Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://details?id=app_id"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); startActivity(it); //where app_id is the application ID, find the ID //by clicking on your application on Market home //page, and notice the ID from the address bar

Uninstall 應用程式

Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", strPackageName, null);
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uri);
startActivity(it);

Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", strPackageName, null); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uri); startActivity(it);

安裝 APK 檔
方法一：

Uri uri = Uri.parse("url_of_apk_file");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
it.setData(uri);
it.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
it.setClassName("com.android.packageinstaller",
                "com.android.packageinstaller.PackageInstallerActivity");
startActivity(it);
//make sure the url_of_apk_file is readable for all users

方法二：
private void installApk(final String apkPath)
    {
        Intent intent;
        LogUtils.d(TAG, "================ installRuntime ===============: " + apkPath);
        if (VersionUtils.getCurrentVersion() < VersionUtils.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH)
        {
            intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);  
            intent.setDataAndType(Uri.fromFile(new File(apkPath)), "application/vnd.android.package-archive");
        }
        else
        {
            intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_INSTALL_PACKAGE);
            intent.setData(Uri.fromFile(new File(apkPath)));       
            intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_NOT_UNKNOWN_SOURCE, true);
            intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_RETURN_RESULT, true);                
            intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_INSTALLER_PACKAGE_NAME,              
                  getApplicationInfo().packageName);          
        }

        startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_INSTALL);   
    }

@Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data)
    {
        if (requestCode == REQUEST_INSTALL) {     
            if (VersionUtils.getCurrentVersion() < VersionUtils.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH)
            {  
                 if (pkgExists(xxxxx)) //check to see if the package exists or not
                {
                    //Succeedded
                }
                else
                {
                    //Failed or canceled
                } 
     
           }        
           else                  
           {        
                 if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK)
                {
                    //Succeedded
                }
                else if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_CANCELED)
                {                      
                    //Canceled
                 }
                else
                {
                    //Failed
                }       
           }                                                                      
        }
    }


Simple:

Install from native apk
Intent promptInstall = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW)     .setData(Uri.parse("file:///path/to/your.apk"))     .setType("application/vnd.android.package-archive"; startActivity(promptInstall); Install from Market Intent goToMarket = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW)     .setData(Uri.parse("market://details?id=com.package.name")); startActivity(goToMarket);