4.3.2 RMAN备份方案
RMAN备份归档模式下损坏（丢失）多个数据文件，进行整个数据库的恢复
1、 连接数据库，创建测试表并插入记录
SQL*Plus: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production on Tue May 6 13:46:32 2003
(c) Copyright 1999 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba;
Connected.
SQL> create table test(a int);
Table created
SQL> insert into test values(1);
1 row inserted
SQL> commit;
Commit complete
2、 备份数据库
DOS下 C:>\ rman cmdfile=bakup.rcv msglog=backup.log;
以下是backup.log内容。
Recovery Manager: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production
RMAN> # script:bakup.rcv
2> # creater:chenjiping
3> # date:5.8.2003
4> # desc:backup all database datafile in archive with rman
5>
6> #connect database
7> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back;
8> connect target internal/virpure;
9>
10> #start backup database
11> run{
12> allocate channel c1 type disk;
13> backup full tag 'dbfull' format 'd:\backup\full%u_%s_%p' database
14> include current controlfile;
15> sql 'alter system archive log current';
16> release channel c1;
17> }
18> #end
19>
RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=1788174720)
RMAN-03022: compiling command: allocate
RMAN-03023: executing command: allocate
RMAN-08030: allocated channel: c1
RMAN-08500: channel c1: sid=15 devtype=DISK
RMAN-03022: compiling command: backup
RMAN-03023: executing command: backup
RMAN-08008: channel c1: starting full datafile backupset
RMAN-08502: set_count=4 set_stamp=494074368 creation_time=15-MAY-03
RMAN-08010: channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00002 name=D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\RBS01.DBF
RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00001 name=D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF
RMAN-08011: including current controlfile in backupset
RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00005 name=D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\TOOLS01.DBF
RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00004 name=D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\TEMP01.DBF
RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00006 name=D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\INDX01.DBF
RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00003 name=D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\USER01.DBF
RMAN-08013: channel c1: piece 1 created
RMAN-08503: piece handle=D:\BACKUP\FULL04EN5UG0_4_1 comment=NONE
RMAN-08525: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:16
RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync
RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog
RMAN-08005: partial resync complete
RMAN-03022: compiling command: sql
RMAN-06162: sql statement: alter system archive log current
RMAN-03023: executing command: sql
RMAN-03022: compiling command: release
RMAN-03023: executing command: release
RMAN-08031: released channel: c1
Recovery Manager complete.
到这里表示备份成功。
3、继续在测试表中插入记录
SQL> insert into test values(2);
1 row inserted
SQL> commit;
Commit complete
SQL> select * from test;
A
---------------------------------------
1
2
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
3、 关闭数据库，模拟丢失数据文件
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down
C:\>del D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF
C:\>del D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\INDX01.DBF
C:\>del D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\TOOLS01.DBF
C:\>del D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\RBS01.DBF
4、 启动数据库，检查错误
SQL> STARTUP
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 102020364 bytes
Fixed Size 70924 bytes
Variable Size 85487616 bytes
Database Buffers 16384000 bytes
Redo Buffers 77824 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF'
查询v$recover_file
SQL> select * from v$recover_file;
FILE# ONLINE ERROR CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------- ------------------ ---------- -----------
1 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0
2 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0
5 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0
6 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0
可以知道有四个数据文件需要恢复
5、 利用RMAN进行恢复
C:\>rman
Recovery Manager: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production
RMAN> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back
RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN> connect target internal/virpure
RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=1788174720)
RMAN> run{
2> allocate channel c1 type disk;
3> restore database;
4> recover database;
5> sql 'alter database open';
6> release channel c1;
7> }
RMAN-03022: compiling command: allocate
RMAN-03023: executing command: allocate
RMAN-08030: allocated channel: c1
RMAN-08500: channel c1: sid=17 devtype=DISK
RMAN-03022: compiling command: restore
RMAN-03025: performing implicit partial resync of recovery catalog
RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync
RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog
RMAN-08005: partial resync complete
RMAN-03022: compiling command: IRESTORE
RMAN-03023: executing command: IRESTORE
RMAN-08016: channel c1: starting datafile backupset restore
RMAN-08502: set_count=4 set_stamp=494074368 creation_time=15-MAY-03
RMAN-08089: channel c1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00001 to D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00002 to D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\RBS01.DBF
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00003 to D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\USER01.DBF
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00004 to D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\TEMP01.DBF
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00005 to D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\TOOLS01.DBF
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00006 to D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\INDX01.DBF
RMAN-08023: channel c1: restored backup piece 1
RMAN-08511: piece handle=D:\BACKUP\FULL04EN5UG0_4_1 tag=DBFULL params=NULL
RMAN-08024: channel c1: restore complete
RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync
RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog
RMAN-08005: partial resync complete
RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover
RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(1)
RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(2)
RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(3)
RMAN-03023: executing command: recover(3)
RMAN-08054: starting media recovery
RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(4)
RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 327 is already on disk as file D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00327.ARC
RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 328 is already on disk as file D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00328.ARC
RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 329 is already on disk as file D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00329.ARC
RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 330 is already on disk as file D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00330.ARC
RMAN-03023: executing command: recover(4)
RMAN-08515: archivelog filename=D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00327.ARC thread=1 sequence=327
RMAN-08515: archivelog filename=D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00328.ARC thread=1 sequence=328
RMAN-08055: media recovery complete
RMAN-03022: compiling command: sql
RMAN-06162: sql statement: alter database open
RMAN-03023: executing command: sql
RMAN-03022: compiling command: release
RMAN-03023: executing command: release
RMAN-08031: released channel: c1
RMAN>
6、 检查数据库的数据（完全恢复）
SQL> select * from test;
A
---------------------------------------
1
2
说明：
1、只要有备份与归档存在，RMAN也可以实现数据库的完全恢复（不丢失数据）
2、同OS备份数据库恢复，适合于丢失大量数据文件，或包含系统数据文件在内的数据库的恢复
3、目标数据库在mount下进行，如果恢复成功，再打开数据库。
4、RMAN的备份与恢复命令相对比较简单并可靠，建议有条件的话，都采用RMAN进行数据库的备份。
