源端和目的端的操作系统和数据库:
Os:Red Hat Linux As 5
Db Version:10GR2
前期准备,需要备份源数据库,备份脚本可以参考如下,将备份集拷贝到目的机器上.在目的机器恢复的过程中,db_name,oracle_sid,dbid设置必须跟源数据库保持一致,若需要修改的情况下,等待数据库完成后通过nid来修改.
非归档模式下的备份脚本:
- run
- {
- shutdown immediate;
- startup mount; #noarchive mode,must be mount
- allocate channel c1 type disk;
- allocate channel c2 type disk;
- backup database format '/u01/rman_backup/2011/201112/20111201/df_%t_%s_%p.bak';
- release channel c1;
- release channel c2;
- alter database open;
- }
备份完数据库将备份集拷贝到目的机器上后(具体拷贝过程可以通过FTP,我这里备份集拷贝到目的机器存放于/u01/rman_backup/mybak),下面进行在目的机器上的恢复.
步骤1:创建数据库恢复的路径跟源库路径不相同(源库的路径是/u01/app/oracle)
[oracle@hxl01 /]$ mkdir /u01/mydb
步骤2:创建数据库各文件目录
[oracle@hxl01 u01]$ mkdir -p /u01/mydb/oracl/{adump,bdump,cdump,dpdump,udump,pfile}
[oracle@hxl01 u01]$ mkdir -p /u01/mydb/oradata/oracl
[oracle@hxl01 u01]$ mkdir -p /u01/mydb/flash_recovery_area
步骤3:创建口令文件(linux口令文件命名格式为orapwSID,windows口令文件命名格式为pwdSID)
orapwd file=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapworacl.ora password=oracle
步骤4:恢复初始化参数文件(这里需要找到包含初始化参数文件的备份集,在源端数据库可以通过list backup可以找到包含参数文件的备份集)
- [oracle@hxl01 dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=oracl
- [oracle@hxl01 dbs]$ rman target /
- Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 12 11:26:55 2011
- Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
- connected to target database (not started)
- RMAN> startup nomount
- startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
- LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/db s/initoracl.ora'
- starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrival of spfile
- Oracle instance started
- Total System Global Area 159383552 bytes
- Fixed Size 1218268 bytes
- Variable Size 54528292 bytes
- Database Buffers 100663296 bytes
- Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
- RMAN>
- RMAN>restore spfile to pfile '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initoracl.ora' from '/u01/rman_backup/mybak/df_768589735_8_1.bak';
- Starting restore at 12-DEC-11
- using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
- allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
- channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=36 devtype=DISK
- channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: /u01/rman_backup/mybak/df_768589735_8_1.bak
- channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from autobackup complete
- Finished restore at 12-DEC-11
- RMAN> shutdown immediate
- Oracle instance shut down
步骤5:修改初始化参数文件
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/mydb/oracl/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/mydb/oracl/bdump'
*.control_files='/u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/control01.ctl','/u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/control02.ctl','/u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/mydb/oracl/cdump'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/mydb/flash_recovery_area'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/mydb/oracl/udump'
步骤6:使用恢复的初始化参数文件nomount数据库
- [oracle@hxl01 dbs]$ sqlplus /nolog
- SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 12 11:45:19 2011
- Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
- SQL> connect / as sysdba
- Connected to an idle instance.
- SQL> startup nomount pfile=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initoracl.ora
- ORACLE instance started.
- Total System Global Area 524288000 bytes
- Fixed Size 1220360 bytes
- Variable Size 159383800 bytes
- Database Buffers 360710144 bytes
- Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
- SQL>
步骤7:恢复控制文件
- RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/rman_backup/mybak/df_768589733_7_1.bak';
- Starting restore at 12-DEC-11
- using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
- allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
- channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=156 devtype=DISK
- channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
- channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
- output filename=/u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/control01.ctl
- output filename=/u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/control02.ctl
- output filename=/u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/control03.ctl
- Finished restore at 12-DEC-11
- RMAN>
步骤8:启动数据库到mount状态
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
步骤9:将备份集的信息加入到catalog,使目前的控制文件记录有目前的备份信息,以便用户恢复.从远端数据库拷贝过来的备份集存放于目录/u01/rman_backup/mybak.
- RMAN> catalog start with '/u01/rman_backup/mybak';
- Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 12-DEC-11
- allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
- channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=156 devtype=DISK
- Crosschecked 5 objects
- Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 12-DEC-11
- Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 12-DEC-11
- using channel ORA_DISK_1
- Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 12-DEC-11
- searching for all files in the recovery area
- cataloging files...
- no files cataloged
- searching for all files that match the pattern /u01/rman_backup/mybak
- List of Files Unknown to the Database
- =====================================
- File Name: /u01/rman_backup/mybak/bash_profile.txt
- File Name: /u01/rman_backup/mybak/df_768589733_7_1.bak
- File Name: /u01/rman_backup/mybak/df_768589674_5_1.bak
- File Name: /u01/rman_backup/mybak/df_768589674_6_1.bak
- File Name: /u01/rman_backup/mybak/df_768589735_8_1.bak
- Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? YES
- cataloging files...
- cataloging done
- List of Cataloged Files
- =======================
- File Name: /u01/rman_backup/mybak/df_768589733_7_1.bak
- File Name: /u01/rman_backup/mybak/df_768589674_5_1.bak
- File Name: /u01/rman_backup/mybak/df_768589674_6_1.bak
- File Name: /u01/rman_backup/mybak/df_768589735_8_1.bak
- List of Files Which Where Not Cataloged
- =======================================
- File Name: /u01/rman_backup/mybak/bash_profile.txt
- RMAN-07517: Reason: The file header is corrupted
步骤10:恢复数据文件,因为恢复的路径跟源库的数据文件路径不一致,需要用set newname转换路径.
- RMAN> run{
- set newname for datafile 1 to '/u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/system01.dbf';
- set newname for datafile 2 to '/u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/undotbs01.dbf';
- set newname for datafile 3 to '/u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/sysaux01.dbf';
- set newname for datafile 4 to '/u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/users01.dbf';
- set newname for datafile 5 to '/u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/hxl01.dbf';
- restore database;
- switch datafile all;
- }
- executing command: SET NEWNAME
- executing command: SET NEWNAME
- executing command: SET NEWNAME
- executing command: SET NEWNAME
- executing command: SET NEWNAME
- Starting restore at 12-DEC-11
- using channel ORA_DISK_1
- channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
- channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
- restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/system01.dbf
- restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/users01.dbf
- channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/rman_backup/mybak/df_768589674_5_1.bak
- channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
- piece handle=/u01/rman_backup/mybak/df_768589674_5_1.bak tag=TAG20111130T170752
- channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:38
- channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
- channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
- restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/undotbs01.dbf
- restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/sysaux01.dbf
- restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/hxl01.dbf
- channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/rman_backup/mybak/df_768589674_6_1.bak
- channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
- piece handle=/u01/rman_backup/mybak/df_768589674_6_1.bak tag=TAG20111130T170752
- channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:26
- Finished restore at 12-DEC-11
- datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
- input datafile copy recid=6 stamp=769694142 filename=/u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/system01.dbf
- datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
- input datafile copy recid=7 stamp=769694142 filename=/u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/undotbs01.dbf
- datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
- input datafile copy recid=8 stamp=769694142 filename=/u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/sysaux01.dbf
- datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
- input datafile copy recid=9 stamp=769694142 filename=/u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/users01.dbf
- datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
- input datafile copy recid=10 stamp=769694142 filename=/u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/hxl01.dbf
步骤11:打开数据库
- SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
- alter database open resetlogs
- *
- ERROR at line 1:
- ORA-00344: unable to re-create online log
- '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/redo01.log'
- ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file
- Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
这里报找不到redo日志文件的错误,因为数据库是非归档的,日志文件没有备份,在新库中也没有redo日志文件,这里需要重新创建日志文件组.
alter database drop logfile group 1;
alter database add logfile group 1 '/u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/redo01.log' size 50m;
alter database drop logfile group 2;
alter database add logfile group 2 '/u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/redo02.log' size 50m;
日志组1和组2能顺利的删除并重新创建.
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 3;
alter database drop logfile group 3
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01623: log 3 is current log for instance oracl (thread 1) - cannot drop
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/redo03.log'
呵呵,日志组3是当前日志组,当然删除不了.下面试着切换日志组,也不行,因为数据库未打开.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
alter system switch logfile
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01109: database not open
下面试着修改日志文件的在控制文件中的路径(restore回来的控制文件中记录的日志文件路径是源端日志文件的路径)
SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/redo03.log' TO '/u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/redo03.log';
Database altered.
SQL>alter database open resetlogs;
步骤12:处理临时表空间文件
- SQL> connect / as sysdba
- Connected to an idle instance.
- SQL> startup
- ORACLE instance started.
- Total System Global Area 524288000 bytes
- Fixed Size 1220360 bytes
- Variable Size 159383800 bytes
- Database Buffers 360710144 bytes
- Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
- Database mounted.
- Database opened.
- SQL> select * from dba_temp_files;
- Select * From Dba_Temp_Files
- *
- ERROR at line 1:
- ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 201 - see DBWR trace file
- ORA-01110: data file 201: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/temp01.dbf'
- SQL> shutdown immediate
- Database closed.
- Database dismounted.
- ORACLE instance shut down.
- SQL> startup mount
- ORACLE instance started.
- Total System Global Area 524288000 bytes
- Fixed Size 1220360 bytes
- Variable Size 159383800 bytes
- Database Buffers 360710144 bytes
- Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
- Database mounted.
- SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/temp01.dbf' TO '/u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/temp01.dbf';
- Database altered.
- SQL> select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_temp_files;
- FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
- ----------------------------------- ------------------------------
- /u01/mydb/oradata/oracl/temp01.dbf TEMP
步骤13:创建spfile
SQL> connect / as sysdba
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initoracl.ora';
步骤14:配置监听器
可以使用netca配置监听器,想必大家都比较熟悉配置过程,这里具体过程省略.
总结:目的端数据文件若跟源端数据文件不一致的情况下,在restore的时候需要使用set newname改变目的端数据文件的路径,同时日志文件和临时表空间文件与源端路径不一致的情况下,需要修改控制文件的中信息,以便控制文件能够识别目的端的路径.
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