2.在备库上的操作
2.1 创建参数文件
将步骤1.2生成的主库的参数文件拷贝到$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/下做相应修改,最后修改后的内容如下:
*.db_name=oracl
*.db_unique_name=oraclbak
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(oracl,oraclbak)'
*.log_archive_dest_1=
'location=/u01/app/oracle/duplicate/
valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles)
db_unique_name=oraclbak'
*.log_archive_dest_2=
'service=tar_oracl async
valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role)
db_unique_name=oracl'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
*.remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive
*.log_archive_format=%t_%s_%r.arc
*.log_archive_max_processes=30
*.standby_file_management=auto
*.fal_server=tar_oracl
*.fal_client=dup_oracl
*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata
/oracl/'
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/','/u01/app/oracle/oradat
a/oracl/'
2.2 创建spfile
create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initoracl.ora';
2.3 创建密码文件
cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
orapwd file=orapworaclbak password=sys entries=10 force=y
2.4 设置ORACLE_SID
修改oracle用户下的.bash_profile添加ORACLE_SID=oraclbak,然后重登陆使该环境变量生效.
2.5.启动数据库到nomount状态
startup nomount
在nomount之前需要创建备库初始化参数中定义的所定义的目录事先创建好,否则的话会报如下错误:
SQL> startup nomount
ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 9925
2.6 配置tnsnames.ora文件
将主库上的tnsnames.ora文件拷贝到$ORACLE_HOME/NETWORK/ADMIN目录下.
2.7 复制数据库创建standby database
rman target sys/sys@tar_oracl
connect auxiliary
RMAN>run{
duplicate target database for standby dorecover nofilenamecheck;
}
Starting Duplicate Db at 14-FEB-12
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: sid=156 devtype=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
set until scn 1621751;
restore clone standby controlfile;
sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
Starting restore at 14-FEB-12
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/duplicate/ct_t775282456_s97_p1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/duplicate/ct_t775282456_s97_p1 tag=TAG20120215T041414
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:06
output filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/control01.ctl
output filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/control02.ctl
output filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/control03.ctl
Finished restore at 14-FEB-12
sql statement: alter database mount standby database
released channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
contents of Memory Script:
{
set until scn 1621751;
set newname for tempfile 1 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/temp01.dbf";
switch clone tempfile all;
set newname for datafile 1 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/system01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 2 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/undotbs01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 3 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/sysaux01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 4 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/users01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 5 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/hxl01.dbf";
restore
check readonly
clone database
;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed temporary file 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/temp01.dbf in control file
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting restore at 14-FEB-12
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: sid=156 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/system01.dbf
restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/undotbs01.dbf
restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/sysaux01.dbf
restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/users01.dbf
restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/hxl01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/duplicate/df_t775282365_s95_p1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/duplicate/df_t775282365_s95_p1 tag=TAG20120215T041239
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:18
Finished restore at 14-FEB-12
contents of Memory Script:
{
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=22 stamp=775263983 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=23 stamp=775263984 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=24 stamp=775263984 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=25 stamp=775263984 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=26 stamp=775263984 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/hxl01.dbf
contents of Memory Script:
{
set until scn 1621751;
recover
standby
clone database
delete archivelog
;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
Starting recover at 14-FEB-12
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
starting media recovery
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting archive log restore to default destination
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=55
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=56
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/duplicate/al_t775282475_s98_p1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/duplicate/al_t775282475_s98_p1 tag=TAG20120215T041426
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:06
archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/duplicate/log1_55_769179320.arc thread=1 sequence=55
channel clone_default: deleting archive log(s)
archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/duplicate/log1_55_769179320.arc recid=2 stamp=775264007
archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/duplicate/log1_56_769179320.arc thread=1 sequence=56
channel clone_default: deleting archive log(s)
archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/duplicate/log1_56_769179320.arc recid=1 stamp=775264007
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:11
Finished recover at 14-FEB-12
Finished Duplicate Db at 14-FEB-12
2.8 应用Redo日志
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
3.测试验证
3.1 在备库查看归档日志
SQL> select sequence#, first_time, next_time from v$archived_log order by sequence#;
SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME
---------- --------- ---------
55 15-FEB-12 15-FEB-12
56 15-FEB-12 15-FEB-12
57 15-FEB-12 15-FEB-12
58 15-FEB-12 15-FEB-12
59 15-FEB-12 15-FEB-12
60 15-FEB-12 15-FEB-12
61 15-FEB-12 15-FEB-12
62 15-FEB-12 15-FEB-12
63 15-FEB-12 15-FEB-12
64 15-FEB-12 15-FEB-12
65 15-FEB-12 15-FEB-12
11 rows selected.
3.2 在主库上切换日志
alter system switch logfile;
3.3 在备库查看归档日志
SQL> select sequence#, first_time, next_time from v$archived_log order by sequence#;
SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME
---------- --------- ---------
55 15-FEB-12 15-FEB-12
56 15-FEB-12 15-FEB-12
57 15-FEB-12 15-FEB-12
58 15-FEB-12 15-FEB-12
59 15-FEB-12 15-FEB-12
60 15-FEB-12 15-FEB-12
61 15-FEB-12 15-FEB-12
62 15-FEB-12 15-FEB-12
63 15-FEB-12 15-FEB-12
64 15-FEB-12 15-FEB-12
65 15-FEB-12 15-FEB-12
SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME
---------- --------- ---------
66 15-FEB-12 15-FEB-12
12 rows selected.
归档日志数由11个变成了12个,说明主库上的归档日志已经传送到备库.
3.4 查看备库的日志应用情况
SQL> select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log order by sequence#;
SEQUENCE# APP
---------- ---
55 YES
56 YES
57 YES
58 YES
59 YES
60 YES
61 YES
62 YES
63 YES
64 YES
65 YES
SEQUENCE# APP
---------- ---
66 YES
12 rows selected.
3.5 查看主库的保护模式
sql> select protection_mode from v$database;
protection_mode
--------------------
maximum performance
配置过程总结:
1.使用duplicate创建standby database不用单独创建standby的控制文件,步骤相对简单些.
2.log_archive_dest_2中的service参数中需要填写的是tnsnames.ora文件中配置的别名,而不是服务名.fal_server配置的也是tnsnames.ora文件中配置的别名,而不是服务名(service_name).一开始的时候log_archive_dest_2中的service填写的是服务名,主库的日志文件无法传送到目的库,最后修改为tns中配置的别名就没问题了.
3.如果在主库执行 alter database clear unarchived logfile或alter database open resetlogs ,则dataguard要重建.
4.在连续恢复模式下工作之前，需要保证之前所有的归档日志己经应用到备用库上。因为在连续恢复模式的情况下，oracle不会应用之前的归档日志，而只会应用后面陆续到来的归档日志.
5.出现归档日志gap时，需要找出相应的归档日志，然后将这些归档日志copy到备用节点的standby_archive_dest和log_archive_dest目录下面。需要注意的是log_archive_dest目录下也需要copy。然后ALTER DATABASE RECOVER AUTOMATIC STANDBY DATABASE;
6.新建表、表空间、datafile都能通过日志应用到备库，但新建一个临时表空间,rename datafile 均不能应用到备库上.
7.应当实时察看standby库的alert文件，就能清晰明了地知道主备更新的情况。这也是排错的重要方法,切记!!
8.failover和switchover
Failover:将主数据库offline,备用数据库online,这种操作由系统和软件失败引起。 即使在备用数据库上应用重做日志，也可能出现数据丢失的现象，除非备用数据库运行在guaranteed protection 模式。原主数据库重新使用时必须重新启动实例。其它的备用数据库也需重新启动实例。
Switchover:故意将主数据库offline,而将另一备用数据库online,它能够切换到备用数据库而不需同步操作。如：可使用 Switchover 完成系统的平滑升级.即使在备用数据库上不应用重做日志，也不会造成数据的丢失。 数据库不需重新启动实例。这使主数据库几乎能立即在备用数据库上恢复它的功能，因此可经常进行定期维护而不需中断操作。Failover和Switchover的区别为：当Failover发生，备用数据库切换为主数据库之后，它丢失了备用数据库的所有能力，也就是说，不能再返回到备用模式；而Switchover可以，备用数据库可切换为主数据库，也可从主数据库再切换回备用数据库。
9.相关视图
DBA_LOGSTDBY_EVENTS (Logical Standby Databases Only)
DBA_LOGSTDBY_LOG (Logical Standby Databases Only)
DBA_LOGSTDBY_NOT_UNIQUE (Logical Standby Databases Only)
DBA_LOGSTDBY_PARAMETERS (Logical Standby Databases Only)
DBA_LOGSTDBY_PROGRESS (Logical Standby Databases Only)
DBA_LOGSTDBY_SKIP (Logical Standby Databases Only)
DBA_LOGSTDBY_SKIP_TRANSACTION (Logical Standby Databases Only)
DBA_LOGSTDBY_UNSUPPORTED (Logical Standby Databases Only)
V$ARCHIVE_DEST
V$ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS
V$ARCHIVE_GAP
V$ARCHIVED_LOG
V$DATABASE
V$DATAFILE
V$DATAGUARD_STATUS
V$LOG
V$LOGFILE
V$LOG_HISTORY
V$LOGSTDBY (Logical Standby Databases Only)
V$LOGSTDBY_STATS (Logical Standby Databases Only)
V$MANAGED_STANDBY (Physical Standby Databases Only)
V$STANDBY_LOG
参数说明:
以下两个参数若不做主备库切换,只需要在备库的参数文件中配置即可.
db_file_name_convert='主库目录,备库目录'
如:
db_file_name_convert='/u02/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/', '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/oraclbak/'
在主库目录'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/下创建的数据文件会自动传输到备库的目录'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/oraclbak/',如主库上创建的数据文件不在'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/下,则传过来的数据文件会保留在'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/oracl/', 这里有点不明白ORACLE为什么这么处理.
log_file_name_convert='主库目录,备库目录'
--The End--
