ubuntu硬盘安装与配置详细图解(2)

二、配置篇

注意：我下面所说的执行蓝色字体的命令要在终端下执行，终端的打开方式是

应用程序 -> 附件 -> 终端

并且是以sudo开头的命令，有可能需要您输入密码，那么就输入您安装系统时给您帐号设置的密码即可。

1、网络配置
安装完了先确定你的网络连接方式，如果是LAN或者路由（或自动拨号的ADSL）的话，这步骤就可以PASS了，如果是需要ADSL虚拟拨号的用户，请在终端下执行如下命令

sudo pppoeconf

然后根据里面的提示设置一下你虚拟拨号。设置完毕应该可以上网了。

2、更换软件源、更新系统
先去网上search一份你使用起来比较快的，网通建议用台湾的源，电信就用cn99
在终端输入

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

懒得搜索的，下面有一份源列表，建议复制一部分使用

from://blog.chinaunix.net/u1/36747/showart_370207.html

# Archive.ubuntu.com 更新服务器（欧洲，此为官方源）
deb feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# Ubuntu.cn99.com 更新服务器（江苏省常州市电信，推荐电信用户使用。）
deb feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty main restricted universe multiverse

# mirror.rootguide.org更新服务器 (上海市 电信):
deb feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty main multiverse restricted universe

# 台湾大学更新服务器（推荐网通用户使用，此源比较完整，较少出现同步问题)
deb feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# Mirror.lupaworld.com 更新服务器（浙江省杭州市电信，亚洲地区官方更新服务器）
deb feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty main restricted universe multiverse

# ubuntu.cnsite.org 更新服务器（福建省福州市 电信）
deb feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty main multiverse restricted universe

# 北京市清华大学 更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）
deb feisty main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty main multiverse restricted universe

将里面乱七八糟的东西删了，将你复制的源列表粘贴到里面，保存退出。
在终端输入

sudo apt-get update
sudu apt-get upgrade

这样便更新以及升级了系统。

3、中文支持安装（包括输入法）
更新完毕后，点击屏幕上方面板中的“系统”（可能是英文，总之是从左边数第三个），在菜单中选择“系统管理”（同样可能是英文，是菜单第2项），打开语言支持（language support）,在这个设置程序中找到chinese一项，将后面的方框点成对号，再点Apply.
系统会自动帮助你安装完中文字体、输入法等。这步完毕后最好重启一下，来看看我们漂亮熟悉的汉字吧！

4、安装解码器、flashplayer、java虚拟机、微软字体
这是ubuntu推出的一个新软件包，将一次性将上面几个东东自动装好
在终端输入

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

即可完成安装

5、安装媒体播放器
我个人还是推荐使用mplayer，它支持的格式很全，功能强大，当然，你也可以用系统自带的播放器，在上一步中已经安装了totem的相关解码器，并且当你用它播放wma之类上面没有安装的解码器的文件时，程序会自动搜索并安装上
我安装的是mplayer
终端输入

sudo apt-get install mplayer mozilla-mplayer totem-xine libxine-extracodecs

另外需要一个w32codecs文件，是用来支持那些私有媒体格式的解码器，源里已经没有w32codecs了，我们可以从这里下载那个后缀为.deb的安装

mplayer调试(视频、字幕)

启动mplayer,右键－>Preferences－>Video
Available drivers选择xv

然后进入Font标签 Font里选择一个中文字体，Encoding里设置为Simplified Chinese charset (CP936)

6、安装下载工具（多线程下载、BT下载、电驴）
还是终端输入

sudo apt-get install d4x amule azureus

即可。

或者把 beryl-manager添加到启动项内