分类： LINUX
2007-07-21 15:08:25
Emacs is a very powerful editor. It's extensible, customizable by editting .emacs file. I will list the functions which I often use.
- emacs filename
start Emacs from terminal with file filename.
- emacs +n filename
start Emacs from terminal at line n of filename.
- C-x C-f filename/dirname
find (open) file filename/dirname.
- C-x 4 C-f filename
find (open) file filename in new window.
- C-x C-r filename
read file filename to active buffer.
- C-x i RET filename
insert file filename into buffer.
- C-x C-s
save file from active window (buffer).
- C-x s
save some file from inactive window (buffer).
- C-x C-w filename
write active buffer into file filename.
- C-x C-c
exit Emacs with queries.
- C-x C-b
List BUFFERS, then 1 selects highlighted buffer.
- C-x b buffername
switch to buffername.
- C-x 4 b buffername
switch to buffername in separate window.
- C-x k
kill active buffer.
- C-x C-v
kill active buffer, find alternative.
- C-x 2
split display into 2 horizontal windows.
- C-x 3
split display into 2 vertical windows.
- C-x 1
collapse display into one window.
- C-x 0
kill (zero) inactive window.
- C-x o
make other window active.
- C-x p
make previous window active.
- C-x ^
open active vertical window higher.
- C-x }
open active horizontal window wider.
- C-f
forward a character.
- C-b
backward a character.
- C-n
next line.
- C-p
previous line.
- M-f
forward a word.
- M-b
backward a word.
- C-a
beginning of line.
- C-e
end of line.
- M-a
beginning of sentence.
- M-n
beginning of paragraph.
- M-p
end of paragraph.
- M-99 C-l
line 99.
- M-99
enter 99 as argument.
- M-x goto-line RET 99
line 99.
- M-x goto-char RET x
character x.
- M-<
beginning of file.
- M->
end of file.
- C-v
forward 1 screen.
- M-v
backward 1 screen.
- C-M-v
Forward in inactive window.
- C-l
recenter (cursor on same character).
- M-l(downcase-word)
change next word to lowercase.
- M-x upcase-word
change next word to uppercase.
- M-x what-page
print page and line number of point.
- M-x what-line
show what line cursor is on.
- C-(or C-@) set mark at cursor. - C-x C-x exchange mark and cursor. - C-w cut region to clipboard. - M-w copy region to clipboard; no delete. - C-x indent region.
- C-s word
incremental search forward for word
- C-s
continue SEARCH forward.
- C-r word
reverse search for word.
- C-r
reverse search.
- M-x occur RET expression
list all occurrences of expression, cursor on line
in occur-buffer, ^ c ^ c to find.
- M-%
synonym for ~ x query-replace.
- M-x replace-string RET old RET new
replace all old with new.
- M-x query-replace RET old RET new
replace after query oldwith new, Emacs asks.
- C-k
kill & store from cursor to end of line.
- M-k
kill to end of sentence; stored on clipboard.
- C-w
cut region stored on clipboard.
- M-w
copy region to clipboard.
- M-C-w
append kill to previous kill on clipboard.
- C-y
paste (yank) text of last kill (from clipboard).
- M-y
Paste (yank) text of previous kill.
- M-q
fill paragraph containing cursor.
- M-g
fill region (mark - cursor).
- M-1 M-q
Fill and right justify paragraph.
- C-o (oh)
open a blank line here.
- M-u
uppercase next word.
- M-l
lowercase next word.
- M-c
capitalize next word.
- C-x C-u
uppercase region.
- C-x C-l
lowercase region.
- C-t
transpose letters.
- M-t
transpose words.
- C-x TAB
indent region.
- M-$
spellcheck last word.
- M-x spell-buffer
spellcheck buffer.
- M-x spell-region
spellcheck region.
- C-g
abort command in process.
- C-x u
undo last command (repeatable).
- C-h w
find the key for a command
- C-h k
find the command for a key
- C-h C-f
get the description of a command
- C-h a
select you wanted command that matched regexp
- C-h b
see key bindings
- C-h ?
get all the command list
- C-h v
check the value of a variable
- * Repeats the previous regular expression any number of times (including zero times). - + Repeats the previous regular expression any number of times (at least one time). - ? The previous regular expression matches zero or one time. - . Matches any character. - \(...\) Groups the text for later reference or to overcome precedence problems. - [...] Matches any of the characters within the group.
Note that the usual regexp special characters are not special
inside a character set. - [^...] Matches any character not in this group. - ^ Matches the beginning of the line or string. - $ Matches the end of line or string. - \< Matches the beginning of a word. - \> Matches the end of a word. Ex: 1. 1.c 2.c 3.c ... replace with 1.java 2.java 3.java ... M-x query-replace-regexp \([0-9]*\)\.c with \1.java 2. if you want to add " at the beginning, ", at the end M-x query-replace-regexp ^\(.*\)$ with "\1", 3. #define CCE_CONCFM 1 /* Connct confirm */ #define CCE_ADDRIND 2 /* Address Indication */ #define CCE_CNSTIND 3 /* Connection progress status indication */ #define CCE_RELIND 4 /* Connection release indication */ #define CCE_RELCFM 5 /* Connection release confirmation */ #define CCE_RSCCFM 6 /* Resouce Confirm */ #define CCE_REATIND 7 /* Status Indication - Reattempt */ only left CCE_CONFM M-x query-replace-regexp ^#[^ ]* *\([^ ]*\) *.* with \1
- M-x hexl-mode all in current buffer will display in Hex Mode. - C-M-d Insert a byte with a code typed in decimal. - C-M-o Insert a byte with a code typed in octal. - C-M-x Insert a byte with a code typed in hex. - C-x [ Move to the beginning of a 1k-byte "page." - C-x ] Move to the end of a 1k-byte "page. - M-g Move to an address specified in hex. - M-j Move to an address specified in decimal. - C-c C-c Leave Hexl mode
- M-x compile if Makefile exists, you can run make or you can run gcc command. - M-x gdb run the GUD debugger, execute gdb (or dbx ) command. An arrow will indicate the execution line
- find . -name *.[chly] > cscope.files - cscope -b -q -k
- install cscope add the following to .emacs (require 'xcscope) - C-c s s Find symbol. - C-c s d Find global definition. - C-c s g Find global definition (alternate binding). - C-c s G Find global definition without prompting. - C-c s c Find functions calling a function. - C-c s C Find called functions. - C-c s t Find text string. - C-c s e Find egrep pattern. - C-c s f Find a file. - C-c s i Find files #including a file. - C-c s b Display *cscope* buffer. - C-c s B Auto display *cscope* buffer toggle. - C-c s n Next symbol. - C-c s N Next file. - C-c s p Previous symbol. - C-c s P Previous file. - C-c s u Pop mark.
- M-x viper-mode
- M-x eshell
- M-x ediff
note: M-x ediff-toggle-multiframe
M-x ediff
use ediff in multiframe mode.
- ediff-buffers Compare two buffers - ediff-files3 Compare three files - ediff-buffers3 Compare three buffers - ediff-directories Compare files common to two directories. - wa Saves buffer A, if it was modified. - wb Saves buffer B, if it was modified. - a Copies the current difference region from buffer A to buffer B. - b copies the current difference region from buffer B to buffer A - p Makes the previous difference region current - n Makes the next difference region current - ra Restores the old contents of the current difference region in buffer A - rb Restores the old contents of the current difference region in buffer B
- etags *.h *.cpp create TAGS Table - M-x visit-tags-table load TAGS Table - M-. TAGNAME Find TAGNAME - M-* return back
- C-x r m set bookmark at the current point - C-x r m BOOKMARK set bookmark named BOOKMARK - C-x r b BOOKMARK jump to BOOKMARK - C-x r l list all bookmarks - M-x bookmark-save save all book marks in default file - M-x bookmark-load load book marks file - M-x bookmark-write write book marks file - M-x bookmark-delete delete book marks file
- ebrowse *.h *.cpp default generate BROWSE file - c-x c-f BROWSE load a class tree - x display statistic - + expand a class - - collapse a class - T f display the file name - L f list all the function of a class
- Download setnu.el and install it.
1. place it under /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp
2. Add the following to .emacs
(require 'setnu)
- M-x setnu-mode
The line number will display at the beginning of the line
- Download browse-kill-ring.el and install it.
1. place it under /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp
2. Add the following to .emacs
(require 'browse-kill-ring)
(global-set-key [(control c)(k)] 'browse-kill-ring)
(browse-kill-ring-default-keybindings)
- M-x browse-kill-ring (or C-c k)
Display the kill ring
- Download hide-lines.el and install it.
1. place it under /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp
2. Add the following to .emacs
(require 'hide-lines)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c l") 'hide-lines)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c L") 'show-all-invisible)
- M-x hide-lines (or C-c l)
Hide the lines matching REGEXP
- M-x show-all-invisible(or C-c L)
Show all the lines hidden
- Download hide-region.el and install it.
1. place it under /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp
2. Add the following to .emacs
(require 'hide-region)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c r") 'hide-region-hide)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c R") 'hide-region-unhide)
- M-x hide-region (or C-c r)
Hide the region
- M-x hide-region-unhide(or C-c L)
unhide the region
- M-x auto-fill-mode
Enable or disable Auto Fill mode
- C-x f (set-fill-column)
Set the fill column(C-u 70 C-x f)
- C-x . (set-fill-prefix)
Set the fill prefix
- M-q (fill-paragraph)
Fill a paragraph using current fill prefix
- Download table.el and install it.
1. place it under /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp
2. Add the following to .emacs
(require 'table)
- Oprerations on table
- M-x table-insert
insert a table at the current point.
- C->
widen the current cell
- C-<
narrow the current cell
- C-}
Heighten the current cell
- C-{
Widen the current cell
- C-+
insert row or columns
- table-delete-row
delete the current row
- table-delete-column
delete the current column
- table-forward-cell
move the cursor to the next cell
- table-backward-cell
move the cursor to the next cell
- Download rect-mark.el and install it.
1. place it under /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp
2. Add the following to .emacs
(require 'rect-mark)
(define-key ctl-x-map "r\C-@" 'rm-set-mark)
(define-key ctl-x-map [?r ?\C-\ ] 'rm-set-mark)
(define-key ctl-x-map "r\C-x" 'rm-exchange-point-and-mark)
(define-key ctl-x-map "r\C-w" 'rm-kill-region)
(define-key ctl-x-map "r\M-w" 'rm-kill-ring-save)
(define-key global-map [S-down-mouse-1] 'rm-mouse-drag-region)
- Operations on a rect
- C-x r C-@
set the rect mark
- C-x r C-w
cut the selected rect
- C-x r M-w
copy the selected rect
- Download tabbar.el and install it.
1. place it under /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp
2. Add the following to .emacs
(require 'tabbar)
(tabbar-mode)
- define the key to switch tab in .emacs
(global-set-key [C-down] 'tabbar-backward-group)
(global-set-key [C-up] 'tabbar-forward-group)
(global-set-key [C-left] 'tabbar-backward)
(global-set-key [C-right] 'tabbar-forward)
- Download ibuffer.el and install it.
1. place it under /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp
2. Add the following to .emacs
(require 'ibuffer)
(tabbar-mode)
- Operations on marked buffers
- S
Save the marked buffers.
- v
View the marked buffers in this frame.
- H
View the marked buffers in another frame.
- D
Kill the marked buffers.
- U
Replace by regexp in each of the marked buffers.
- Q
Query replace in each of the marked buffers.
- P
Print the marked buffers.
- O
List lines in all marked buffers which match
a given regexp (like the function `occur').
- X
Run a shell command on the contents of marked buffers.
- N
Replace the contents of the marked
buffers with the output of a shell command.
-x
Kill all buffers marked for deletion.
-m
Mark the buffer at point.
-t
Unmark all currently marked buffers, and mark
all unmarked buffers.
-u
Unmark the buffer at point.
- * *
Unmark all marked buffers.
- d
Mark the buffer at point for deletion.
- % n
Mark buffers by their name, using a regexp.
- % m
Mark buffers by their major mode, using a regexp.
- % f
Mark buffers by their filename, using a regexp.
- =
View the differences between this buffer
and its associated file.
- f
View the buffer on this line.
- o
As above, but in another window.
- Download table.el and install it.
1. place it under /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp
2. Add the following to .emacs
(require 'table)
- Oprerations on table
- M-x table-insert
insert a table at the current point.
- C->
widen the current cell
- C-<
narrow the current cell
- C-}
Heighten the current cell
- C-{
Widen the current cell
- C-+
insert row or columns
- table-delete-row
delete the current row
- table-delete-column
delete the current column
- table-forward-cell
move the cursor to the next cell
- table-backward-cell
move the cursor to the next cell
- Oprations on Files or Directories
- M-x dired(C-x d)
start dired(manage files in current directory)
- C-n, C-p
put the cursor to next(or prev) file name
- d
Flag this file for deletion(mark with D )
- u
Remove deletion flag on this line
- x
Delete the files that are flagged for deletion
- #
Flag all auto-save files ( #FILENAME# )
- ~
Flag all backup files ( FILENAME~ )
- %d REGEXP
Flag for deletion all files whose names match REGEXP
- f
Visit the file described on the current line
- v
View the file described on the current line
- ^
Visit the parent directory of the current directory
- m
Mark the current file with *
- u
Remove any mark on this line
- * *
Mark all executable files with *
- * @
Mark all symbolic links with *
- * /
Mark directories with * except . and ..
- * s
Mark all the files in the current subdirectory. except . and ..
- * !
remove all marks.
- % m REGEXP ( * % REGEXP )
Mark all files whose names match REGEXP
- C NEW
Copy the specified files. The variable dired-recursive-copies
controls whether directories are copied recursively. NEW
is directory or a specific file.
- D
Delete the specified files
- R NEW
Rename the specified files
- H NEW
Make hard links to the specified files
- S NEW
Make symbolic links to the specified files
- M MODESPEC
Change the mode of the specified files
- G NEWGROUP
Change the group of the specified files to NEWGROUP
- P COMMAND
Print the specified files
- Z
Compress the specified files
- L
Load the specified Emacs Lisp files
- B
Byte compile the specified Emacs Lisp files
- A REGEXP
Search all the specified files for REGEXP
- Q REGEXP TO
Perform query-replace-regexp on each of the specified files
- !
runs that shell command in the minibuffer on all the specified files
- % u
Rename each of the selected files to an upper-case name
- % l
Rename each of the selected files to a lower-case name
- % R(C, H, S) FROM TO
rename, copy, make hard links soft links, computing the
new name by REXEXP from the old name
- =
Compare the current file with another file
- M-=
Compare the current file with its latest backup file
- >
Move to the next directory
- <
Move to the prev directory
- $
Hide or reveal the current subdirectory
- M-$
Hide all subdirectories in this Dired buffer
- g
Update the entire contents of the Dired buffer
- l
Update the specified files
- M-x find-name-dired
search for files with names matching a wildcard pattern
- M-x find-grep-dired
chooses all the files in DIRECTOR that contain a match
for REGEXP
- M-x find-dired
lets you specify any condition that **find** can test
- Download emacs-wiki.el, emacs-wiki-menu.el, emacs-wiki-srctag,
emacs-wiki-table.el and install it.
1. place them under /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp
2. Add the following to .emacs
(require 'emacs-wiki)
(require 'emacs-wiki-menu)
(require 'emacs-wiki-srctag)
(require 'emacs-wiki-table)
(add-hook 'emacs-wiki-mode-hook
(lambda ()
(define-key emacs-wiki-mode-map (kbd "C-c C-h") 'emacs-wiki-preview-html)
(define-key emacs-wiki-mode-map (kbd "C-c C-c") 'emacs-wiki-preview-source)
(define-key emacs-wiki-mode-map (kbd "C-c C-v") 'emacs-wiki-change-project)
))
(setq emacs-wiki-publishing-directory "~/public_html")
(setq emacs-wiki-style-sheet "")
'(emacs-wiki-mode-hook (quote (emacs-wiki-use-font-lock flyspell-mode footnote-mode)))
(setq emacs-wiki-inline-relative-to 'emacs-wiki-directories)
(defun emacs-wiki-preview-source ()
(interactive)
(emacs-wiki-publish-this-page)
(find-file (emacs-wiki-published-file)))
(defun emacs-wiki-preview-html ()
(interactive)
(emacs-wiki-publish-this-page)
(browse-url (emacs-wiki-published-file)))
(setq emacs-wiki-projects
`(("default" . ((emacs-wiki-directories . ("~/wiki/"))))
("work" . ((fill-column . 65)
(emacs-wiki-directories . ("~/wiki/read/"))))))
- Operations that emacs-wiki often used
- M-x emacs-wiki-find-file
find a file to edit using emacs-wiki
- C-c C-a
jump to an index of all the Wiki pages
- C-c C-b
show all pages that reference this page
- C-c C-s
search for a word in your Wiki pages
- C-c C-f
jump to another Wiki page; prompts for the name
- C-c C-l
highlight/refresh the current buffer
- C-c C-p
publish any Wiki pages that have changed as HTML
- C-c C-r
rename wiki link at point
- C-c C-v
change wiki project
- C-c C-D
delete wiki link at point (binding will only work on X)
- C-c =
diff this page against the last backup version
- TAB
move to the next Wiki reference
- S-TAB
move to the previous Wiki reference
- Download folding.el and install it.
1. place it under /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp
2. Add the following to .emacs
(autoload 'folding-mode "folding"
"Minor mode that simulates a folding editor" t)
(autoload 'turn-off-folding-mode "folding" "Folding mode" t)
(autoload 'turn-on-folding-mode "folding" "Folding mode" t)
(defun folding-mode-find-file-hook ()
"One of the hooks called whenever a `find-file' is successful."
(and (assq 'folded-file (buffer-local-variables))
folded-file
(folding-mode 1)
(kill-local-variable 'folded-file)))
(load-library "folding")
(declare (special fold-fold-on-startup
fold-keys-already-setup
))
(setq fold-fold-on-startup t)
(folding-mode-add-find-file-hook)
(setq fold-keys-already-setup nil)
(add-hook 'folding-mode-hook
(function (lambda()
(unless fold-keys-already-setup
(setq fold-keys-already-setup t)
(define-prefix-command 'ctl-t-folding-mode-prefix)
(define-key 'ctl-t-folding-mode-prefix "f" 'fold-fold-region)
(define-key 'ctl-t-folding-mode-prefix "e" 'fold-enter)
(define-key 'ctl-t-folding-mode-prefix "x" 'fold-exit)
(define-key 'ctl-t-folding-mode-prefix "b" 'fold-whole-buffer)
(define-key 'ctl-t-folding-mode-prefix "o" 'fold-open-buffer)
(define-key 'ctl-t-folding-mode-prefix "h" 'fold-hide)
(define-key 'ctl-t-folding-mode-prefix "s" 'fold-show)
(define-key 'ctl-t-folding-mode-prefix "t" 'fold-top-level)
(define-key 'ctl-t-folding-mode-prefix "f" 'fold-fold-region)
)
(local-set-key "\C-f" 'ctl-t-folding-mode-prefix))))
(fold-add-to-marks-list 'sgml-mode
"" " --> ")
(fold-add-to-marks-list 'c-mode "/* <" "/* > */" "*/")
(fold-add-to-marks-list 'c++-mode
"//<" "//>" "")
(fold-add-to-marks-list 'LaTeX-mode "%%% {{{" "%%% }}}" " ")
(fold-add-to-marks-list 'latex2e-mode "%%% {{{" "%%% }}}" " ")
(fold-add-to-marks-list 'latex-mode "%%%% {{{" "%%%% }}}" " ")
(fold-add-to-marks-list 'BibTeX-mode "%%% {{{" "%%% }}}" " ")
(fold-add-to-marks-list 'lisp-mode ";;; {" ";;; }" "")
(fold-add-to-marks-list 'lex-mode" /* {{{ " " /* }}} */ " "*/")
(fold-add-to-marks-list 'html-mode "" "-->")
(fold-add-to-marks-list 'shell-script-mode "# {{{" "# }}}" nil)
(fold-add-to-marks-list 'sh-mode "# {{{ " "# }}}" nil)
- Operations
- M-x folding-mode
start folding mode
- C-@
define a mark, then move the cursor to define a region.
- C-f f
fold this region
- C-f x
exit this fold
- C-f e
enter this fold
- C-f h
hide this fold
- C-f s
Show this fold
- get a source code copy in terminal cvs checkout MODULE - M-x cvs-examine invoke PCL-CVS, create a *cvs* buffer will run cvs update
- n, p, C-n, C-p move the cursor - f, o, RET open the current file - l display log information - s show status info in *cvs-info* buffer - z, q close the *cvs* buffer - a add selected files, need commit - r delete selected files, need commit - M-s display all file status - M-u run cvs update - M-e run cvs examine - m mark a file - u unmark a file - % mark a file according to REGEXP - t set tag name - x remove all 'up-to-date' file in *cvs* buffer - U undo changes - M mark all files - M-unmark all files - c, C committing changes, input log then C-c C-c - =, d = diff between the selected files and the based version - d b diff between the selected files and the conflict version - d h diff between the selected files and the head revision - d v diff between the selected files and the head revision of vendor branch - O updata all selected files - ?, h display help information
- C-x v g Display the result of the CVS annotate command using colors - C-x v l Display version control state and change history - C-x v = Compare the current buffer contents with the latest checked-in version of the file. - C-u C-x v = FILEOLDVERS NEWVERS Compare the specified two versions of FILE. - C-x v u Revert the buffer and the file to the last checked-in version. - C-x v c Remove the last-entered change from the master for the visited file. This undoes your last check-in. - C-u C-x C-q switch another branch.
- install aspell and add the following to .emacs (setq ispell-program-name "aspell") - M-x ispell check for spelling errors - M-x ispell-buffer check the current buffer for errors
- M-x speedbar start speedbar to summarize the local - Q Quit speedbar, and kill the frame - q Quit speedbar, and hide the frame - g refresh the speedbar - n, p move to the next or previous item - +/= Expand the current group, displaying sub items - - Contract the current group, hiding sub items. - M-x speedbar-get-focus RET Change frame focus to or from the speedbar frame.
- C-\ start input method - C-X RET f change the coding of file. It can save a file into UTF-8 format
- C-q + C-M
input ^M in emacs
- M-x hl-line-mode
highlight the current line in Emacs
- C-x Esc Esc
get the command executed last time
- C-M-a
go to the head of function definition
- C-M-e
go to the end of function definition
- C-M-f
Move forward across one balanced expression
- C-M-b
Move backward across one balanced expression
- C-M-d
Move forward down one level of parentheses
- C-M-u
Move backward out of one level of parentheses.
- C-c C-u
go to the begining a conditional(such as #ifdef)
- C-c C-p
backward a conditional(#ifdef)
- C-c C-n
forward a conditional
-M-/
hippie-expand the sentence have entered.
-M-x dos2unix
Transformat dos text file to unix
Add the following to .emacs
(defun dos2unix ()
(interactive)
(goto-char (point-min))
(while (search-forward "\r" nil t) (replace-match "")))
- M-x unix2dos
Tranformat unix text file dos
Add the following to .emacs
(defun unix2dos ()
(interactive)
(goto-char (point-min))
(while (search-forward "\n" nil t) (replace-match "\r\n")))
- M-x ascii-table
get the ascii table
Add the following to .emacs
(defun ascii-table ()
"Print the ascii table. Based on a defun by Alex Schroeder "
(interactive)
(switch-to-buffer "*ASCII*")
(erase-buffer)
(insert (format "ASCII characters up to number %d.\n" 254))
(let ((i 0))
(while (< i 254)
(setq i (+ i 1))
(insert (format "%4d %c\n" i i))))
(beginning-of-buffer))
- M-x match-paren ( % )
Add the following to .emacs
(show-paren-mode t)
(setq show-paren-style 'parentheses)
(global-set-key "%" 'match-paren)
(defun match-paren (arg)
"Go to the matching paren if on a paren; otherwise insert %."
(interactive "p")
(cond ((looking-at "\\s\(") (forward-list 1) (backward-char 1))
((looking-at "\\s\)") (forward-char 1) (backward-list 1))
(t (self-insert-command (or arg 1)))))
- M-x untabify
change the tabs into spaces