RHEL5.4关于Xen虚拟化

RHCE学习笔记

 

关于linux下面中Xen虚拟化的讨论，

 

Xen虚拟化的介绍

Xen虚拟化可以提供完全虚拟化和半虚拟化，一些其它的虚拟化，比如说Vmware VPC这些都是完全虚拟化，而半虚拟化可以修改操作系统的内核，半虚拟化更加的优化，大大的节约了系统的开销。

 

下面我们就开始安装Xen虚拟机

在安装Xen虚拟机之前，一定要确保虚拟化这个服务是安装了的。而且必须系统运行在支持Xen虚拟化的内核上面。

现在来看下我的计算机

[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# uname -r

2.6.18-164.el5

[root@localhost ~]#

我的机器现在运行在常规的内核上面。

[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf

# grub.conf generated by anaconda

#

# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file

# NOTICE:  You have a /boot partition.  This means that

#          all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.

#          root (hd0,0)

#          kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda3

#          initrd /initrd-version.img

#boot=/dev/sda

default=0

timeout=5

splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz

hiddenmenu

title Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (2.6.18-164.el5)

        root (hd0,0)

        kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-164.el5 ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet crashkernel=128M@16M

        initrd /initrd-2.6.18-164.el5.img

[root@localhost ~]#

可以看到，我们的grub.conf文件中也没有关于Xen虚拟化的内核。

现在我们就来安装Xen虚拟化服务。

#yum  -y  install  xen

[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install xen

Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

Setting up Install Process

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package xen.i386 0:3.0.3-94.el5 set to be updated

--> Processing Dependency: xen-libs = 3.0.3-94.el5 for package: xen

--> Processing Dependency: xen-hypervisor-abi = 3.1 for package: xen

--> Processing Dependency: libxenctrl.so.3.0 for package: xen

--> Processing Dependency: libSDL-1.2.so.0 for package: xen

--> Processing Dependency: libfsimage.so.1.0 for package: xen

--> Processing Dependency: libxenguest.so.3.0 for package: xen

--> Processing Dependency: python-virtinst for package: xen

--> Processing Dependency: libxenstore.so.3.0 for package: xen

--> Processing Dependency: bridge-utils for package: xen

--> Processing Dependency: libblktap.so.3.0 for package: xen

--> Processing Dependency: libfsimage.so.1.0(libfsimage.so.1.0) for package: xen

--> Running transaction check

---> Package SDL.i386 0:1.2.10-8.el5 set to be updated

---> Package bridge-utils.i386 0:1.1-2 set to be updated

---> Package kernel-xen.i686 0:2.6.18-164.el5 set to be installed

---> Package python-virtinst.noarch 0:0.400.3-5.el5 set to be updated

--> Processing Dependency: libvirt-python >= 0.2.1 for package: python-virtinst

---> Package xen-libs.i386 0:3.0.3-94.el5 set to be updated

--> Running transaction check

---> Package libvirt-python.i386 0:0.6.3-20.el5 set to be updated

--> Processing Dependency: libvirt = 0.6.3-20.el5 for package: libvirt-python

--> Processing Dependency: libvirt.so.0(LIBVIRT_0.6.1) for package: libvirt-python

--> Processing Dependency: libvirt.so.0(LIBVIRT_0.2.3) for package: libvirt-python

--> Processing Dependency: libvirt.so.0(LIBVIRT_0.1.1) for package: libvirt-python

--> Processing Dependency: libvirt.so.0(LIBVIRT_0.1.9) for package: libvirt-python

--> Processing Dependency: libvirt.so.0(LIBVIRT_0.2.1) for package: libvirt-python

--> Processing Dependency: libvirt.so.0(LIBVIRT_0.4.5) for package: libvirt-python

--> Processing Dependency: libvirt.so.0(LIBVIRT_0.2.0) for package: libvirt-python

--> Processing Dependency: libvirt.so.0 for package: libvirt-python

--> Processing Dependency: libvirt.so.0(LIBVIRT_0.1.5) for package: libvirt-python

--> Processing Dependency: libvirt.so.0(LIBVIRT_0.4.1) for package: libvirt-python

--> Processing Dependency: libvirt.so.0(LIBVIRT_0.1.0) for package: libvirt-python

--> Processing Dependency: libvirt.so.0(LIBVIRT_0.3.3) for package: libvirt-python

--> Processing Dependency: libvirt.so.0(LIBVIRT_0.6.3) for package: libvirt-python

--> Processing Dependency: libvirt.so.0(LIBVIRT_0.6.0) for package: libvirt-python

--> Processing Dependency: libvirt.so.0(LIBVIRT_0.4.0) for package: libvirt-python

--> Processing Dependency: libvirt.so.0(LIBVIRT_0.5.0) for package: libvirt-python

--> Processing Dependency: libvirt.so.0(LIBVIRT_0.1.4) for package: libvirt-python

--> Processing Dependency: libvirt.so.0(LIBVIRT_0.3.0) for package: libvirt-python

--> Processing Dependency: libvirt.so.0(LIBVIRT_0.3.2) for package: libvirt-python

--> Processing Dependency: libvirt.so.0(LIBVIRT_0.0.3) for package: libvirt-python

--> Processing Dependency: libvirt.so.0(LIBVIRT_0.0.5) for package: libvirt-python

--> Running transaction check

---> Package libvirt.i386 0:0.6.3-20.el5 set to be updated

--> Processing Dependency: cyrus-sasl-md5 for package: libvirt

--> Processing Dependency: iscsi-initiator-utils for package: libvirt

--> Running transaction check

---> Package cyrus-sasl-md5.i386 0:2.1.22-5.el5 set to be updated

---> Package iscsi-initiator-utils.i386 0:6.2.0.871-0.10.el5 set to be updated

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

 

Dependencies Resolved

 

================================================================================

 Package                   Arch       Version                  Repository  Size

================================================================================

Installing:

 xen                       i386       3.0.3-94.el5             VT            1.9 M

Installing for dependencies:

 SDL                     i386       1.2.10-8.el5               Server      233 k

 bridge-utils            i386       1.1-2                        Server      28 k

 cyrus-sasl-md5     i386        2.1.22-5.el5              Server      45 k

 iscsi-initiator-utils  i386        6.2.0.871-0.10.el5    Server      773 k

 kernel-xen            i686        2.6.18-164.el5          Server      17 M

 libvirt                    i386        0.6.3-20.el5             VT            1.9 M

 libvirt-python        i386       0.6.3-20.el5             VT           132 k

 python-virtinst      noarch     0.400.3-5.el5           VT            378 k

 xen-libs                i386        3.0.3-94.el5             Server       154k

 

Transaction Summary

================================================================================

Install          10 Package(s)         

Update       0 Package(s)        

Remove      0 Package(s)        

 

Total download size: 22 M

Downloading Packages:

(1/10): iscsi-initiator-utils-6.2.0.871-0.10.el5.i386.rp   | 773 kB     00:00    

(2/10): kernel-xen-2.6.18-164.el5.i686.rpm                |  17 MB     00:01    

(3/10): SDL-1.2.10-8.el5.i386.rpm                             | 233 kB     00:00    

(4/10): bridge-utils-1.1-2.i386.rpm                              |  28 kB      00:00    

(5/10): xen-libs-3.0.3-94.el5.i386.rpm                        | 154 kB     00:00    

(6/10): cyrus-sasl-md5-2.1.22-5.el5.i386.rpm            |  45 kB       00:00    

(7/10): xen-3.0.3-94.el5.i386.rpm                              | 1.9 MB     00:00    

(8/10): libvirt-python-0.6.3-20.el5.i386.rpm               | 132 kB     00:00    

(9/10): libvirt-0.6.3-20.el5.i386.rpm                           | 1.9 MB     00:00    

(10/10): python-virtinst-0.400.3-5.el5.noarch.rpm      |178kB       00:00    

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total                                                          9.3 MB/s |  22 MB     00:02     

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Finished Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

  Installing     : xen-libs                                                 1/10

  Installing     : bridge-utils                                            2/10

  Installing     : SDL                                                      3/10

  Installing     : cyrus-sasl-md5                                      4/10

  Installing     : iscsi-initiator-utils                                    5/10

  Installing     : kernel-xen                                              5/10

  Installing     : libvirt                                                      7/10

  Installing     : libvirt-python                                          8/10

  Installing     : python-virtinst                                         9/10

  Installing     : xen                                                         10/10

 

Installed:

  xen.i386 0:3.0.3-94.el5                                                       

 

Dependency Installed:

  SDL.i386 0:1.2.10-8.el5                                                      

  bridge-utils.i386 0:1.1-2                                                    

  cyrus-sasl-md5.i386 0:2.1.22-5.el5                                            

  iscsi-initiator-utils.i386 0:6.2.0.871-0.10.el5                              

  kernel-xen.i686 0:2.6.18-164.el5                                             

  libvirt.i386 0:0.6.3-20.el5                                                   

  libvirt-python.i386 0:0.6.3-20.el5                                           

  python-virtinst.noarch 0:0.400.3-5.el5                                       

  xen-libs.i386 0:3.0.3-94.el5                                                 

 

Complete!

[root@localhost ~]#

现在我们的虚拟化服务就安装成功了。

现在我们来看看grub.conf文件中是否有Xen虚拟化的内核。

[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf

# grub.conf generated by anaconda

#

# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file

# NOTICE:  You have a /boot partition.  This means that

#          all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.

#          root (hd0,0)

#          kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda3

#          initrd /initrd-version.img

#boot=/dev/sda

default=1

timeout=5

splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz

hiddenmenu

title Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (2.6.18-164.el5xen)

        root (hd0,0)

        kernel /xen.gz-2.6.18-164.el5

        module /vmlinuz-2.6.18-164.el5xen ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet crashkernel=128M@16M

        module /initrd-2.6.18-164.el5xen.img

title Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (2.6.18-164.el5)

        root (hd0,0)

        kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-164.el5 ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet crashkernel=128M@16M

        initrd /initrd-2.6.18-164.el5.img

[root@localhost ~]#

可以看到，我们的grub.conf文件中就已经有了Xen的内核，现在我们重启计算机，选择Xen的内核启动。

现在我们来查看一下我们是不是运行在Xen的内核上面呢

[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# uname -r

2.6.18-164.el5xen

[root@localhost ~]#

我们的确是运行在Xen的内核上面。

现在我们使用图形界面来管理我们的虚拟机。必须要安装virt-manager这个包

[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install virt-manager

Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

Setting up Install Process

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package virt-manager.i386 0:0.6.1-8.el5 set to be updated

--> Processing Dependency: gnome-python2-gnomekeyring >= 2.15.4 for package: virt-manager

--> Processing Dependency: gtk-vnc-python >= 0.3.8 for package: virt-manager

--> Running transaction check

---> Package gnome-python2-gnomekeyring.i386 0:2.16.0-3.el5 set to be updated

---> Package gtk-vnc-python.i386 0:0.3.8-3.el5 set to be updated

--> Processing Dependency: gtk-vnc = 0.3.8-3.el5 for package: gtk-vnc-python

--> Processing Dependency: libgtk-vnc-1.0.so.0 for package: gtk-vnc-python

--> Running transaction check

---> Package gtk-vnc.i386 0:0.3.8-3.el5 set to be updated

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

 

Dependencies Resolved

 

================================================================================

 Package                         Arch      Version            Repository   Size

================================================================================

Installing:

 virt-manager                              i386      0.6.1-8.el5        VT            1.5 M

Installing for dependencies:

 gnome-python2-gnomekeyring  i386       2.16.0-3.el5       Server        16 k

 gtk-vnc                                     i386      0.3.8-3.el5         Server        80 k

 gtk-vnc-python                        i386      0.3.8-3.el5        Server        12 k

 

Transaction Summary

================================================================================

Install          4 Package(s)        

Update        0 Package(s)        

Remove       0 Package(s)        

 

Total download size: 1.6 M

Downloading Packages:

(1/4): gtk-vnc-0.3.8-3.el5.i386.rpm                                       |  80 kB     00:00    

(2/4): gtk-vnc-python-0.3.8-3.el5.i386.rpm                           |  12 kB     00:00    

(3/4): gnome-python2-gnomekeyring-2.16.0-3.el5.i386.rpm   |  16 kB     00:00    

(4/4): virt-manager-0.6.1-8.el5.i386.rpm                                | 1.5 MB    00:00    

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total                                                                      3.4 MB/s | 1.6 MB    00:00    

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Finished Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

  Installing     : gtk-vnc                                                        1/4

  Installing     : gtk-vnc-python                                            2/4

  Installing     : gnome-python2-gnomekeyring                     3/4

  Installing     : virt-manager                                                4/4

 

Installed:

  virt-manager.i386 0:0.6.1-8.el5                                              

 

Dependency Installed:

  gnome-python2-gnomekeyring.i386 0:2.16.0-3.el5   gtk-vnc.i386 0:0.3.8-3.el5 

  gtk-vnc-python.i386 0:0.3.8-3.el5              

 

Complete!

[root@localhost ~]#

安装完成了虚拟机的图形管理工具以后，我们打开这个图形的管理工具。

 

利用图形界面安装虚拟机的过程如下：

打开虚拟机图形管理界面，

使用virt-manager命令，

点击新建按钮，新建一个虚拟机，

这个是开始新建的说明，点击下一步，

给虚拟机启一个名字，点击下一步，

选择半虚拟化，点击下一步，

选择要安装系统的类型，这里我们选择RHEL5，然后点击下一步，

指定安装介质的路径，并且还支持kickstart无人值守的安装脚本。点击下一步，

指定虚拟机存放在那里，/dev/vg01/lv01代表我把虚拟机存放在一个逻辑卷上面。点击下一步，

选择网卡的模式，选择桥接模式，点击下一步，

指定虚拟内存的大小和CPU的数量，点击下一步，

这里就是刚才定义的虚拟机的配置，确定没有问题后，点击完成。

在正在创建虚拟机，稍等，

下面系统就会根据刚才定义的kickstart脚本进行无人值守的安装了。

 

刚才是通过图形界面来安装xen虚拟机，同样也可以在字符界面下面来安装我们的xen虚拟机。

使用virt-install命令来进行字符界面安装虚拟机，

#virt-install

 

当我们安装完虚拟机以后，系统会自动的创建一个关于虚拟机的配置文件，

在/etc/xen下面就有关于虚拟机的配置文件，

[root@server1 ~]#

[root@server1 ~]# cd /etc/xen/

[root@server1 xen]# ls

auto       virt1                    xend-pci-quirks.sxp  xmexample.hvm

qemu-ifup  xend-config.sxp          xmexample1           xmexample.vti

scripts    xend-pci-permissive.sxp  xmexample2

[root@server1 xen]#

下面我打开virt1这个配置文件看看，

Vim  /etc/xen/virt1

name = "virt1"

uuid = "9e72edfa-939c-aa2b-f289-8d3ba8f49bb1"

maxmem = 512

memory = 512

vcpus = 1

bootloader = "/usr/bin/pygrub"

on_poweroff = "destroy"

on_reboot = "restart"

on_crash = "restart"

vfb = [ "type=vnc,vncunused=1,keymap=en-us" ]

disk = [ "phy:/dev/vg01/lv01,xvda,w" ]

vif = [ "mac=00:16:36:76:ad:ef,bridge=xenbr0,script=vif-bridge" ]

这里面就有虚拟机的名字，uuid，最大内存，虚拟内存，CPU的数量，引导程序，关机，重启，磁盘，虚拟的mac地址，网卡等等。

 

当我们安装完成虚拟机以后，通过virt-manager命令可以看到，

#virt-manager

这里面就可以看到Domain-0就是我们的物理机，virt1就是刚才创建的虚拟机，在这个节目里可以启动，删除，停止等等对虚拟机做一些操作。

 

如何去管理虚拟机呢？

可以使用XM工具来管理虚拟机，

#xm  shutdown virt1

关闭虚拟机（正常关闭虚拟机）

#xm  destroy  virt1

强制关闭虚拟机（非正常关闭虚拟机，相当于拨出电源）

#xm  create  –c virt1

-c  代表查看启动过程，可以看到grub界面

启动虚拟机

#xm  pauser  virt1

暂停虚拟机

#xm  unpauser  virt1

取消暂停虚拟机

#xm  save  virt1  /var/ftp/pub/virt1.bak

将虚拟机的系统设置成休眠状态

#xm  restore /var/ftp/pub/virt.bak

将处于休眠状态的虚拟机修复回来

#vm  reboot  virt1

重启虚拟机

#vm  list

查看运行在后台的虚拟机

#vm  console  virt1

通过控制台的方式连接到虚拟机

退出虚拟机利用Ctrl+]方式退出虚拟机

 

关于Linux下面Xen虚拟化得讨论就到这里了。