rman学习笔记（2）-转载

1、打开和关闭数据库：

基础知识回顾：

Oracle的启动过程分为三个阶段：

① 启动数据库实例：读取定义启动参数的文件、分配SGA区、启动后台进程

② 加载数据库文件：读取参数文件指定的控制文件、将数据库文件与已启动实例关联

③ 打开数据库：打开联机数据文件、日志文件

数据库启动可分为：

① startup：正常方式启动实例、加载数据库文件、打开数据库

② startup force：强制打开数据库

③ startup mount：只启动实例，不打开数据库(用于切换模式、恢复数据等)

④ alter database open：startup mount后打开数据库

数据库关闭可分为：

① shutdown normal：正常关闭，必须等所有用户退出后才关闭

② shutdown immediate：立即关闭，所有正在处理的事务回退

③ shutdown abort：异常关闭，马上关闭数据库，但不对事务进行处理

由于备份一般需要在关闭数据库的情况下操作，所以RMAN具有直接打开和关闭数据库的功能。

所有操作指令与sqlplus下的命令完全相同。

2、常用命令

① 要使用操作系统命令：

RMAN> host;

Microsoft Windows XP [版本 5.1.2600]
(C) 版权所有 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp.

C:\Documents and Settings\wangxiaoqi>

与SqlPlus中不同的是，RMAN中host后面必须加“;”

② 使用SQL命令：

RMAN> SQL 'ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL';

但是使用SQL命令的限制比较多，主要是针对数据库级的操作，很多的SQL语句都是无法使用的

因此最好的方法是：

RMAN> host;

Microsoft Windows XP [版本 5.1.2600]
(C) 版权所有 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp.

C:\Documents and Settings\wangxiaoqi>sqlplus wangxiaoqi/wangxiaoqi

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Sep 18 14:30:03 2008

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production

SQL>

3、 首先列出所有指标：

RMAN> show all;

using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog
RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO 'D:\ORACLE\ORA92\DATABASE\SNCFDODO.ORA';# default

4、 配置自动通道数：

RMAN> show device type;

RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1; # default

RMAN> configure device type disk parallelism 2;

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete

RMAN> show device type;

RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2;

若要清除对通道数的设置：

RMAN> configure device type disk clear;

old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2;
RMAN configuration parameters are successfully reset to default value
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete

5、制定自动通道默认设备：

RMAN> show default device type;

RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default

RMAN> configure default device type to sbt; --磁带备份

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO 'SBT_TAPE';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete

RMAN> configure default device type clear; --还原默认设置

old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO 'SBT_TAPE';
RMAN configuration parameters are successfully reset to default value
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete

6、配置磁盘：

RMAN> show channel;

RMAN configuration parameters are:
RMAN configuration has no stored or default parameters

RMAN> configure channel device type disk format 'D:\oracle\oradata\dodo\rmanback\ora_%t_%s_%p';

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT 'D:\oracle\oradata\dodo\rmanback\ora_%t_%s_%p';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete

RMAN> configure channel 2 device type disk format 'D:\oracle\oradata\dodo\rmanback\ora_%t_%s_%p';

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT 'D:\oracle\oradata\dodo\rmanback\ora_%t_%s_%p';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete

RMAN> show channel;

RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT 'D:\oracle\oradata\dodo\rmanback\ora_%t_%s_%p';
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT 'D:\oracle\oradata\dodo\rmanback\ora_%t_%s_%p';

注：%t代替时间戳；%s代替备份组号；%p代替备份片号

取消：

RMAN> configure channel 2 device type disk clear;

old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT 'D:\oracle\oradata\dodo\rmanback\ora_%t_%s_%p';
old RMAN configuration parameters are successfully deleted
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete

7、控制文件配置：

启动控制文件的自动备份：

RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on;

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete

RMAN> show controlfile autobackup;

RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

设置控制文件、服务器参数文件备份文件格式路径：

RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to 'D:\oracle
\oradata\dodo\rmanback\ctl_%F'; --F必须大写

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 'D:\oracle\orada
ta\dodo\rmanback\ctl_%F';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete

8、保存策略：

保存策略分两种

时间策略：决定至少有一个备份能恢复到指定的日期

RMAN> configure retention policy to recovery window of 3 days;

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 3 DAYS;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete

注：保证至少有一个备份能恢复到3天前的时间点上，之前备份标注为obsolete

冗余策略：决定至少有几个冗余的备份：

RMAN> configure retention policy to redundancy 3;

old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 3 DAYS;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 3;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete

注：至少需要有3个冗余备份，若多于3个，则以前备份标记为obsolete

RMAN> show retention policy

RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 3;