分类: Oracle
2006-04-01 14:38:26
----关于字符集更改的内部操作
这部分并未包含于itpub技术丛书《Oracle数据库DBA专题技术精粹》中,是后来补充的内容.
前面我们提到,通过修改props$的方式更改字符集在Oracle7之后是一种极其危险的方式,应该尽量避免。
我们又知道,通过ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET更改字符集虽然安全可靠,但是有严格的子集和超集的约束,实际上我们很少能够
用到这种方法。
实际上Oracle还存在另外一种更改字符集的方式.
如果你注意过的话,在Oracle的alert
alter database character set INTERNAL_CONVERT ZHS16GBK
Updating character set in controlfile to ZHS16GBK
SYS.SNAP$ (REL_QUERY) - CLOB representation altered
SYS.METASTYLESHEET (STYLESHEET) - CLOB representation altered
SYS.EXTERNAL_TAB$ (PARAM_CLOB) - CLOB representation altered
XDB.XDB$RESOURCE (SYS_NC00027$) - CLOB representation altered
ODM.ODM_PMML_DTD (DTD) - CLOB representation altered
OE.WAREHOUSES (SYS_NC00003$) - CLOB representation altered
PM.ONLINE_MEDIA (SYS_NC00042$) - CLOB representation altered
PM.ONLINE_MEDIA (SYS_NC00062$) - CLOB representation altered
PM.ONLINE_MEDIA (PRODUCT_TEXT) - CLOB representation altered
PM.ONLINE_MEDIA (SYS_NC00080$) - CLOB representation altered
PM.PRINT_MEDIA (AD_SOURCETEXT) - CLOB representation altered
PM.PRINT_MEDIA (AD_FINALTEXT) - CLOB representation altered
Completed: alter database character set INTERNAL_CONVERT ZHS1
在这里面,我们看到这样一条重要的,Oracle非公开的命令:
alter database character set INTERNAL_CONVERT/ INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK
这个命令是当你选择了使用典型方式创建了种子数据库以后,Oracle会根据你选择的字符集设置,把当前种子数据库的字符集更改为期望字符
集,这就是这条命令的作用.
在使用这个命令时,Oracle会跳过所有子集及超集的检查,在任意字符集之间进行强制转换,所以,使用这个命令时你必须十分小心,你必须
清楚这一操作会带来的风险.
我们之前讲过的内容仍然有效,你可以使用csscan扫描整个数据库,如果在转换的字符集之间确认没有严重的数据损坏,或者你可以使用有效
的方式更改,你就可以使用这种方式进行转换.
我们来看一下具体的操作过程及Oracle的内部操作:
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 135337420 bytes
Fixed Size 452044 bytes
Variable Size 109051904 bytes
Database Buffers 25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
Database altered.
SQL> alter session set events '10046 trace name context forever,level 12';
Session altered.
SQL> alter database character set INTERNAL_USE ZHS16CGB231280
Database altered.
SQL>
这是alert.log文件中的记录信息:
Tue Oct 19 16:26:30 2004
Database Characterset is ZHS16GBK
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
Completed: ALTER DATABASE OPEN
Tue Oct 19 16:27:07 2004
alter database character set INTERNAL_USE ZHS16CGB231280
Updating character set in controlfile to ZHS16CGB231280
Tue Oct 19 16:27:15 2004
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 118
Current log# 2 seq# 118 mem# 0: /opt/oracle/oradata/primary/redo02.log
Tue Oct 19 16:27:15 2004
ARC0: Evaluating archive log 3 thread 1 sequence 117
ARC0: Beginning to archive log 3 thread 1 sequence 117
Creating archive destination LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1: '/opt/oracle/oradata/primary/archive/1_117.dbf'
ARC0: Completed archiving log 3 thread 1 sequence 117
Tue Oct 19 16:27:20 2004
Completed: alter database character set INTERNAL_USE ZHS16CGB231280
Shutting down instance: further logons disabled
Shutting down instance (immediate)
License high water mark = 1
Tue Oct 19 16:29:06 2004
ALTER DATABASE CLOSE NORMAL
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