oracle数据恢复实际案例 1

4.2.2 RMAN备份方案

RMAN也可以进行联机备份，而且备份与恢复方法将比OS备份更简单可靠。

1、连接数据库，创建测试表并插入记录

SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba;

Connected.

 

SQL> create table test(a int) tablespace users;

Table created

SQL> insert into test values(1);

1 row inserted

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

 

2、 备份数据库表空间users

C:\>rman

Recovery Manager: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production

RMAN> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back

RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database

RMAN> connect target internal/virpure

RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=1788174720)

 

RMAN> run{

2> allocate channel c1 type disk;

3> backup tag 'tsuser' format 'd:\backup\tsuser_%u_%s_%p'

4> tablespace users;

5> release channel c1;

6> }

 

RMAN-03022: compiling command: allocate

RMAN-03023: executing command: allocate

RMAN-08030: allocated channel: c1

RMAN-08500: channel c1: sid=16 devtype=DISK

 

RMAN-03022: compiling command: backup

RMAN-03025: performing implicit partial resync of recovery catalog

RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync

RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog

RMAN-08005: partial resync complete

RMAN-03023: executing command: backup

RMAN-08008: channel c1: starting full datafile backupset

RMAN-08502: set_count=5 set_stamp=494177612 creation_time=16-MAY-03

RMAN-08010: channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00003 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\USER01.DBF

RMAN-08013: channel c1: piece 1 created

RMAN-08503: piece handle=D:\BACKUP\TSUSER_05EN93AC_5_1 comment=NONE

RMAN-08525: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync

RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog

RMAN-08005: partial resync complete

RMAN-03022: compiling command: release

RMAN-03023: executing command: release

RMAN-08031: released channel: c1

RMAN>

 

3、 继续在测试表中插入记录

SQL> insert into test values(2);

1 row inserted

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

SQL> select * from test;

                         A

---------------------------------------

                         1

                         2

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL>r

1* alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

 

4、 关闭数据库，模拟丢失数据文件

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

Oracle instance shut down

 

C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\USER01.DBF

 

5、 启动数据库，检查错误

SQL> startup

Oracle instance started.

Total System Global Area  102020364 bytes

Fixed Size                    70924 bytes

Variable Size              85487616 bytes

Database Buffers           16384000 bytes

Redo Buffers                  77824 bytes

Database mounted.

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 3 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 3: 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\USER01.DBF'

 

6、 先打开数据库

SQL> alter database datafile 3 offline drop;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

 

7、 恢复该表空间

恢复脚本可以是恢复单个数据文件

run{

allocate channel c1 type disk;

restore datafile 3;

recover datafile 3;

sql 'alter database datafile 3 online';

release channel c1;

}

也可以是,恢复表空间

run{

allocate channel c1 type disk;

restore tablespace users;

recover tablespace users;

sql 'alter database datafile 3 online';

release channel c1;

}

过程如下：

C:\>rman

Recovery Manager: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production

RMAN> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back

RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database

RMAN> connect target internal/virpure

RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=1788174720)

 

RMAN> run{

2> allocate channel c1 type disk;

3> restore datafile 3;

4> recover datafile 3;

5> sql 'alter database datafile 3 online';

6> release channel c1;

7> }

 

//输出内容冗长，省略--编者

RMAN>

 

8、 检查数据是否完整

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

 

SQL> select * from test;

                         A

---------------------------------------

                         1

                         2

说明：

1、RMAN也可以实现单个表空间或数据文件的恢复，恢复过程可以在mount下或open方式下，如果在open方式下恢复，可以减少down机时间;

2、如果损坏的是一个数据文件，建议offline并在open方式下恢复;

3、这里可以看到，RMAN进行数据文件与表空间恢复的时候，代码都比较简单，而且能保证备份与恢复的可靠性，所以建议采用RMAN的备份与恢复.

 

4.3丢失多个数据文件，实现整个数据库的恢复.

 

4.3.1 OS备份方案

OS备份归档模式下损坏（丢失）多个数据文件，进行整个数据库的恢复

1、 连接数据库，创建测试表并插入记录

SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba;

Connected.

 

SQL> create table test(a int);

Table created

SQL> insert into test values(1);

1 row inserted

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

 

2、 备份数据库，备份除临时数据文件后的所数据文件

SQL> @hotbak.sql 或在DOS下 svrmgrl @hotbak.sql

 

3、 继续在测试表中插入记录

SQL> insert into test values(2);

1 row inserted

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

SQL> select * from test;

                         A

---------------------------------------

                         1

                         2

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

 

4、 关闭数据库，模拟丢失数据文件

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

Oracle instance shut down

 

C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF

C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\INDX01.DBF

C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\TOOLS01.DBF

C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\RBS01.DBF

模拟媒体毁坏（这里删除多个数据文件）

 

5、 启动数据库，检查错误

SQL> STARTUP

Oracle instance started.

Total System Global Area  102020364 bytes

Fixed Size                    70924 bytes

Variable Size              85487616 bytes

Database Buffers           16384000 bytes

Redo Buffers                  77824 bytes

Database mounted.

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF'

 

详细信息可以查看报警文件

ORA-1157 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN...

Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003

Errors in file D:\Oracle\admin\test\bdump\testDBW0.TRC:

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF'

ORA-27041: unable to open file

OSD-04002: unable to open file

O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。

 

Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003

Errors in file D:\Oracle\admin\test\bdump\testDBW0.TRC:

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 2 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 2: 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\RBS01.DBF'

ORA-27041: unable to open file

OSD-04002: unable to open file

O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。

 

Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003

Errors in file D:\Oracle\admin\test\bdump\testDBW0.TRC:

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 5 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 5: 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\TOOLS01.DBF'

ORA-27041: unable to open file

OSD-04002: unable to open file

O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。

 

Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003

Errors in file D:\Oracle\admin\test\bdump\testDBW0.TRC:

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 6: 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\INDX01.DBF'

ORA-27041: unable to open file

OSD-04002: unable to open file

O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。

 

通过查询v$recover_file可以看到

SQL> select * from v$recover_file;

 

     FILE# ONLINE  ERROR                 CHANGE# TIME

---------- ------- ------------------ ---------- -----------

         1 ONLINE  FILE NOT FOUND              0

         2 ONLINE  FILE NOT FOUND              0

         5 ONLINE  FILE NOT FOUND              0

         6 ONLINE  FILE NOT FOUND              0

有四个数据文件需要恢复

 

6、 拷贝备份回到原地点(restore)，开始恢复数据库(recover)

restore过程:

C:\>copy D:\DATABAK\SYSTEM01.DBF D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\

C:\>copy D:\DATABAK\TEST\INDX01.DBF D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\

C:\>copy D:\DATABAK\TEST\TOOLS01.DBF D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\

C:\>copy D:\DATABAK\TEST\RBS01.DBF.DBF D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\

 

Recover过程:

SQL> recover database;

 

ORA-00279: change 1073849 generated at 05/08/2003 08:58:35 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00311.ARC

ORA-00280: change 1073849 for thread 1 is in sequence #311

 

Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

auto

ORA-00279: change 1073856 generated at 05/08/2003 09:03:27 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00312.ARC

ORA-00280: change 1073856 for thread 1 is in sequence #312

ORA-00278: log file 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00311.ARC' no

longer needed for this recovery

 

ORA-00279: change 1073858 generated at 05/08/2003 09:11:43 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00313.ARC

ORA-00280: change 1073858 for thread 1 is in sequence #313

ORA-00278: log file 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00312.ARC' no

longer needed for this recovery

 

ORA-00279: change 1073870 generated at 05/08/2003 09:11:46 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00314.ARC

ORA-00280: change 1073870 for thread 1 is in sequence #314

ORA-00278: log file 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00313.ARC' no

longer needed for this recovery

 

Log applied.

Media recovery complete.

 

7、 打开数据库，检查数据库的数据（完全恢复）

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> select * from test;

                         A

---------------------------------------

                         1

                         2

 

说明：

1、只要有备份与归档存在，就可以实现数据库的完全恢复（不丢失数据）;

2、适合于丢失大量数据文件，或包含系统数据文件在内的数据库的恢复;

3、恢复过程在mount下进行，如果恢复成功，再打开数据库，down机时间可能比较长一些。

 

4.3.2 RMAN备份方案

RMAN备份归档模式下损坏（丢失）多个数据文件，进行整个数据库的恢复

1、连接数据库，创建测试表并插入记录

 

SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba;

Connected.

SQL> create table test(a int);

Table created

SQL> insert into test values(1);

1 row inserted

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

 

2、备份数据库

DOS下 C:>\ rman cmdfile=bakup.rcv msglog=backup.log;

 

以下是backup.log内容。

Recovery Manager: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production

RMAN> #     script:bakup.rcv

2> #     creater:chenjiping

3> #     date:5.8.2003

4> #     desc:backup all database datafile in archive with rman

5>

6> #connect database

7> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back;

8> connect target internal/virpure;

9>

10> #start backup database

11> run{

12> allocate channel c1 type disk;

13> backup full tag 'dbfull' format 'd:\backup\full%u_%s_%p' database

14> include current controlfile;

15> sql 'alter system archive log current';

16> release channel c1;

17> }

18> #end

19>

 

RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database

RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=1788174720)

RMAN-03022: compiling command: allocate

RMAN-03023: executing command: allocate

RMAN-08030: allocated channel: c1

RMAN-08500: channel c1: sid=15 devtype=DISK

RMAN-03022: compiling command: backup

RMAN-03023: executing command: backup

RMAN-08008: channel c1: starting full datafile backupset

RMAN-08502: set_count=4 set_stamp=494074368 creation_time=15-MAY-03

RMAN-08010: channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00002 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\RBS01.DBF

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00001 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF

RMAN-08011: including current controlfile in backupset

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00005 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\TOOLS01.DBF

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00004 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\TEMP01.DBF

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00006 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\INDX01.DBF

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00003 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\USER01.DBF

RMAN-08013: channel c1: piece 1 created

RMAN-08503: piece handle=D:\BACKUP\FULL04EN5UG0_4_1 comment=NONE

RMAN-08525: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:16

RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync

RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog

RMAN-08005: partial resync complete

RMAN-03022: compiling command: sql

RMAN-06162: sql statement: alter system archive log current

RMAN-03023: executing command: sql

RMAN-03022: compiling command: release

RMAN-03023: executing command: release

RMAN-08031: released channel: c1

Recovery Manager complete.

到这里表示备份成功。

 

3、 继续在测试表中插入记录

SQL> insert into test values(2);

1 row inserted

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

SQL> select * from test;

                         A

---------------------------------------

                         1

                         2

SQL>alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

 

4、 关闭数据库，模拟丢失数据文件

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

Oracle instance shut down

C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF

C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\INDX01.DBF

C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\TOOLS01.DBF

C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\RBS01.DBF

 

5、启动数据库，检查错误

SQL> STARTUP

Oracle instance started.

Total System Global Area  102020364 bytes

Fixed Size                    70924 bytes

Variable Size              85487616 bytes

Database Buffers           16384000 bytes

Redo Buffers                  77824 bytes

Database mounted.

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF'

 

查询v$recover_file

SQL> select * from v$recover_file;

 

     FILE# ONLINE  ERROR                 CHANGE# TIME

---------- ------- ------------------ ---------- -----------

         1 ONLINE  FILE NOT FOUND              0

         2 ONLINE  FILE NOT FOUND              0

         5 ONLINE  FILE NOT FOUND              0

         6 ONLINE  FILE NOT FOUND              0

可以知道有四个数据文件需要恢复.