主流服务器UNIX操作系统比较 目录结构

主流服务器UNIX操作系统比较
从网上搜集而来的，本来是分成几个部分，为查找方便合在一起了

主流服务器UNIX操作系统比较目录结构对比

Directory Mappings	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX	LINUX(RedHat)	SOLARIS	Tru64
Root filesystem	/ {/dev/hd4}	/ {/dev/ad0s1a}	/ {/dev/vg00/lvol1}	/ {/dev/sda1}	/ {/dev/vx/dsk/rootvol}	/ {/dev/rz0a}
Home Directory	/home {/dev/hd1}		/home {/dev/vg00/lvol4}		/export/home /dev/vx/dsk/home}
	/tmp {/dev/hd3}		/tmp {/dev/vg00/lvol6}		/tmp /dev/vx/dsk/swapvol}
	/usr {/dev/hd2}	/usr {/dev/ad0s1f}	/usr {/dev/vg00/lvol7}		/usr	/usr {/dev/rz0g}
	/var {/dev/hd9var}	/var {/dev/ad0s1e}	/var {/dev/vg00/lvol8}		/var
Sample configuration files	-		/usr/newconfig

　

主流服务器UNIX操作系统比较（之二）用户帐号的设置

用户账号设置相关	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX	LINUX(RedHat)	Solaris	Tru64
密码文件	/etc/passwd /etc/security/passwd	/etc/passwd /etc/master.passwd	/etc/passwd /tcb/files/auth/r/root	/etc/passwd /etc/shadow	/etc/passwd /etc/shadow	/etc/passwd
组文件	/etc/group /etc/security/group	/etc/group	/etc/group /etc/logingroup	/etc/group	/etc/group	/etc/group
允许的最大用户ID	4294967295	65535	2147483647	65535	2147483647	65535
允许远程登录的用户文件设置	/etc/security/user {rlogin=true}	/etc/ttys {secure}	/etc/securetty {console}	/etc/securetty {ttyp1}	/etc/default/login {CONSOLE=/dev/console}	/etc/securettys {ttyp1}
用户“nobody”的用户ID	4294967294	65534	-2	99	60001 & 65534(nobody4)	65534
“nobody”组的ID号	4294967294	65534	-2(nogroup)	99	60002 & 65534(nogroup)	65534
找回ROOT密码	boot from CD/Tape Installation/Maintenance Start Limited Shell getrootfs hdisk0 vi /etc/security/passwd	ok boot -s passwd root	>boot Interact with IPL ? Y ISL>hpux -iS passwd root	{lilo} control-x linux S passwd root {grub} c kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single ro root=/dev/hda8 initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img boot passwd root	boot cdrom -s mkdir /tmp/a mount /dev/c0t0d0s0 /tmp/a vi /tmp/a/etc/shadow	press the HALT Button or (Control-P) >>>boot -fl s lsmbstartup /sbin/bcheckrc passwd root
创建新用户	mkuser	adduser	useradd	useradd	useradd	useradd
删除用户	rmuser	rmuser	userdel	userdel	userdel	userdel
列出用户	lsuser -f ALL		logins		logins
修改用户帐号	chuser -a		usermod	usermod	usermod	usermod

　

主流服务器UNIX操作系统比较（之三）常用命令

General Commands	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX	LINUX(RedHat)	Solaris	Tru64
Unique host ID	hostid		uname -i	hostid	hostid	hostid
Administrator	smit		sam	linuxconf	admintool
Performance monitor	top monitor	top	top glance	top	top	top
System activity reporter	sar	sa	sar		sar
Virtual Memory statistics	vmstat	vmstat	vmstat	vmstat	vmstat	vmstat
I/O statistics	iostat	iostat	iostat		iostat	iostat
Error logs	alog -o -t boot errpt	dmesg	dmesg	dmesg	dmesg	uerf -R -o full
Physical RAM	1M TB		4TB	64 GB {>2.3.24}	16TB	4TB
Shared Memory	64K TB		8TB	sysctl kernel.shmmax
Process Data Space	384K TB		4TB	900 MB
Swap device	/dev/hd6	/dev/ad0s1b	/dev/vg00/lvol2	/dev/sda2	/dev/vx/dsk/swapvol	/dev/rz0b
Swap file type	/etc/swapspaces	swap	swap	partition type 82	swap	raw
Display swap size	lsps -a	swapinfo	swapinfo -a	free	swap -l	swapon -s
Activate Swap	swapon -a	swapon -a	swapon -a	swapon -a	swap -a	swapon -a

　

主流服务器UNIX操作系统比较（之四）打印机、TCP/IP相关设置

Printers	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX	LINUX	Solaris	Tru64
Printer Queues	/etc/qconfig	/var/spool/print	/etc/lp/interface/*	/var/spool/lpd/lp/*	/etc/lp/interfaces/*	/usr/spool/lpd
Stop LP	stopsrc -s lpd		lpshut	/etc/init.d/lpd stop	/usr/lib/lp/lpshut	/sbin/init.d/lpd stop
Start LP	startsrc -s lpd	lpd	lpsched	/etc/init.d/lpd start	/usr/lib/lp/lpsched	/sbin/init.d/lpd start
Submit print jobs	enq lp lpr qprt	lp	lp	lpr	lp lpr	lp lpr
LP statistics	enq -A lpq lpstat qchk	lpq	lpstat	lpq	lpstat	lpstat
Remove print jobs	cancel lprm qcan enq -x	cancel lprm	cancel	lprm	cancel lprm	cancel lprm
Add printer queue	smit mkpq		lpadmin -p pq	printtool	lpadmin -p pq	lprsetup
Remove Printer queue	smit rmpq		lpadmin -x pq		lpadmin -x pq	lprsetup
Make default printer	export LPDEST="pq"		lpadmin -d pq		lpadmin -d pq	export PRINTER="lp"

　

TCP/IP	AIX		HP-UX	LINUX(RedHat)	Solaris	Tru64
Network IP configuration	lsattr -E -l inet0	/etc/rc.conf	/etc/rc.config.d/netconf	/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/	/etc/hostname.* /etc/inet/* /etc/defaultrouter	/etc/rc.config
Hosts IP addresses	/etc/hosts	/etc/hosts	/etc/hosts	/etc/hosts	/etc/inet/hosts	/etc/hosts
Name service switch	/etc/netsvc.conf	/etc/host.conf	/etc/nsswitch.conf	/etc/nsswitch.conf	/etc/nsswitch.conf	/etc/svc.conf
Network parameters	no -a	sysctl	ndd -h	sysctl -a | grep net	ndd /dev/[tcp|ip] ?
Routing daemon	gated	routed	gated	routed	in.routed	routed
NIC Configurations	ifconfig -a	ifconfig -a	lanscan -v	ifconfig -a	ifconfig -a	ifconfig -a
Secondary IP Address	ifconfig en0 alias IP	ifconfig xl0 alias IP	ifconfig lan0:1 IP	modprobe ip_alias ifconfig eth0:1 IP	ifconfig hme0:1 IP up	ifconfig ln0 alias
Login prompt	HERALD @ /etc/security/login.cfg		telnetd -b /etc/issue	/etc/issue	BANNER @ /etc/default/telnetd	/etc/issue
Increase the # of pseudo-terminals	odmget -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" PdAt | sed "s/0-64/0-512/" | odmchange -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" -o PdAt chdev -l pty0 -anum=256 -P reboot		rebuild your kernel with these new values NPTY=# NSTRPY=# reboot insf -d ptys -n # insf -d ptym -n # insf -d pts -s # -e -v	cd /dev ./MAKEDEV -v pty	{/etc/system} set pt_cnt = # {SYSV} set npty = # {BSD} {/etc/iu.ap} ptsl 0 # ldterm ttcompat halt boot -r	cd /dev ./MAKEDEV PTY_1
Maximum # of ptys	512		{MAXUSERS}	256	176 {BSD} 3000 {SYSV}	8192
Remote Shell	remsh rsh	rsh	remsh	rsh	rsh	rsh
YP/NIS service binder	/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind	/usr/sbin/ypbind	/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind	/sbin/ypbind	/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind	/usr/sbin/ypbind

　

主流服务器UNIX操作系统比较（之五）系统文件比较

System Files	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX	LINUX(RedHat)	Solaris	Tru64
NFS exported	/etc/exports	/etc/exports	/etc/exports	/etc/exports	/etc/dfs/dfstab /etc/dfs/sharetab	/etc/exports
NFS Client mounted directories	/etc/xtab		/etc/xtab	/var/lib/nfs/xtab	/etc/rmtab	/var/adm/mountdtab
Max File System	128 GB		128 GB	2 TB	1 TB 8000 TB {vxfs}	128 GB {<= 3.2G} 512 GB {>= 4.0} 16 TB {advfs}
Max File Size	64 GB		128 GB	2 GB {512B block size} 8192 GB {8KB block size}	1 TB 2 GB {=<2.5.1}	128 GB {<= 3.2G} 512 GB {>= 4.0} 16 TB {advfs}
Max # File Descriptors	64 K		60~ K	sysctl fs.file-max	64 K	64 K

　

主流服务器UNIX操作系统比较（之六）磁盘与逻辑卷命令比较

DISK/LVM Commands	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX	LINUX(RedHat)	SOLARIS	Tru64
Filesystem table	/etc/filesystems	/etc/fstab	/etc/fstab	/etc/fstab	/etc/vfstab	/etc/fstab
Free disk blocks	df -k	df -k	bdf	df -k	df -k	df -k
Device listing	lsdev -C		/sbin/ioscan	cat /proc/devices	sysdef
Disk information	bootinfo -s hdisk#	fdisk -v ad0	diskinfo /dev/rdsk/c#t#d#	cat /proc/scsi/scsi0/sda/model	format -d c#t#d# format>current format>inquiry	file /dev/rrz0c
Disk Label	lspv -l hdisk#	disklabel ad0	pvdisplay -v /dev/dsk/C#t#d#	fdisk -l	prtvtoc	disklabel -p rz0
LVM Concepts	Partition	sub disk	logical extents	logical extents	sub disk	sub disk
	Volume	Volume	logical volume	logical volume	Volume	Volume
		Plex			Plex	Plex
	Volume group		volume group	volume group	disk group	disk group
Journal Filesystem type	jfs		vxfs	ext2	vxfs	advfs
Default volume group	/dev/rootvg		/dev/vg00		/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg	/dev/vol/rootdg
Display volume group	lsvg -l rootvg		vgdisplay -v vg00	vgdisplay -v	vxprint -l -g rootdg	volprint -l -g rootdg
Modify physical volume	chpv		pvchange	pvchange
Prepare physical disk	mkdev -c disk -l hdisk#		pvcreate	pvcreate	vxdiskadd	voldiskadd
List physical volume	lspv	vinum ld	pvdisplay	pvdisplay	vxprint -dl	volprint -dl
Remove disk from volume group	reducevg		vgreduce	vgreduce	vxdg rmdisk	voldg rmdisk
Move logical volumes to another physical volumes	migratepv	vinum move -f drive object	pvmove	pvmove	vxassist move	volassist move
Create volume group	mkvg		vgcreate	vgcreate	vxdg init	voldg init
Remove volume group			vgremove	vgremove
Volume group availability	chvg varyonvg varyoffvg		vgchange	vgchange
Restore volume group			vgcfgrestore	vgcfgrestore
Exports volume group	exportvg		vgexport	vgexport	vxdg deport	voldg deport
Imports volume group	importvg		vgimport	vgimport	vxdg import	voldg import
Volume group listing	lsvg		vgscan	vgscan
Change logical volume characteristics	chlv		lvchange	lvchange	vxedit set	voledit set
List logical volume	lslv	vinum lv	lvdisplay	lvdisplay	vxprint -vl	volprint -vl
Make logical volume	mklv		lvcreate	lvcreate	vxassist make	volassist make
Extend logical volume	extendlv		lvextend	lvextend	vxassist growto	volassist growto
Reduce logical volume	AIX reduce LV		lvreduce	lvreduce	vxassist shrinkto	volassist shrinkto
Remove logical volume	rmlv	vinum rm vol	lvremove	lvremove	vxedit rm	voledit -g rootdg -rf rm vol1
Prepare boot volumes	bootlist -m normal		lvlnboot	lilo	vxbootsetup
Remove boot volumes			lvrmboot
Extend File system	chfs -a size=# /mt		extendfs /dev/vg00/lvol8 fsadm -F vxfs -b {LE * 1024} /mt	resize2fs	vxva mkfs -M
Reduce/Split mirrors	rmlvcopy		lvsplit	lvsplit
Merge mirrors			lvmerge	lvmerge
Create mirrors	mklv -c 2	vinum mirror drive	lvcreate -m 1		vxassist mirror	volassist make vol 100mb mirror=true
Add mirrors	mklvcopy lv 2		lvextend -m 1
Create striped volumes	mklv -u 3 -S 64K	vinum stripe drive	lvcreate -i 3 -I 64	lvcreate -i 3 -I 64	vxassist make vol 100mb layout=raid5	volassist make vol 100mb layout=stripe
System recovery tape	mksysb -i /dev/rmt0		/opt/ignite/bin/make_recovery			/usr/sys/bin/btcreate
Backup	savevg -i rootvg	vinum saveconfig	fbackup	tar cvf /dev/rst0 /	ufsdump	vdump
Restore	restvg		frecover	tar xvf /dev/rst0	ufsrestore	vrestore

　

主流服务器UNIX操作系统比较（之七）安装与卸载

Software	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX	LINUX(RedHat)	SOLARIS	Tru64
Install Software	installp -a	pkg_add	swinstall	rpm -i package	pkgadd	setld -l
Uninstall software	installp -u	pkg_delete	swremove	rpm -e package	pkgrm	setld -d
List installed software	lslpp -L all	pkg_info -a	swlist	rpm -qa	pkginfo	setld -i
Verify installed software	lppchk -v		swlist -l fileset -a state	rpm -V package	pkginfo -i pkginfo -p	setld -v
List all files	lslpp -f fileset	pkg_info -L package	swlist -l file fileset	rpm -ql package	pkgchk -l package	setld -i package
List installed patches	instfix -i		swlist -l patch what /stand/vmunix		patchadd -p	dupatch -track -type patch
Package owner	lslpp -w path		swlist -l file | grep path	rpm -qf file	pkgchk -l -p path
SW Directory	/usr/lpp	/var/db/pkg	/var/adm/sw/	/var/lib/rpm	/var/sadm	/var/adm/smlogs

　

主流服务器UNIX操作系统比较（之八）其它命令

MISC	AIX	FreeBSD	HP-UX	LINUX(RedHat)	SOLARIS	Tru64
Startup script	/etc/rc	/etc/rc	/sbin/rc	/etc/rc.d/rc	/sbin/init.d	/sbin/init.d
Kernel	/usr/lib/boot/unix_up	/kernel	/stand/vmunix	/boot/vmlinuz	/kernel/genunix	/vmunix
Kernel Parameters	lsattr -E -l sys0	sysctl -a	sysdef kmtune kmsystem	sysctl -a	sysdef -i	sysconfig dxkerneltuner
Reconfigure the kernel	chdev -l sys0 -a	cd /sys/i386/conf vi KERNEL config KERNELcd ../../compile /KERNEL make depend make make install	cd /stand/build /usr/lbin/sysadm /system_prep -v -s system vi system mk_kernel -s system cd /stand mv system system.prev mv vmunix vmunix.prev mv dlkm dlkm.prevmv /stand/build /system systemkmupdate /stand/build /vmunix_test	cd /usr/src/linux make mrproper make menuconfig make dep make clean make bzimage make install make modules make modules_install cp arch/i386 /boot/bzImage /boot /vmlinuz-2.2.16 mkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.2.16.img 2.2.16 vi /etc/lilo.conf lilo	vi /etc/system reboot	doconfig
List modules	genkex	kldstat	kmadmin -s	lsmod	modinfo
Load module		kldload	kmadmin -L	insmod	modload
Unload module		kldunload	kmadmin -U	rmmod	modunload
Initialize system	install_assist	/stand/sysinstall	set_parms initial	netconf	sys-unconfig	netsetup
Physical RAM	bootinfo -r	sysctl hw.physmem	grep -i Physical /var/adm/syslog /syslog.log	free	prtconf	uerf | grep memory
Kernel Bits	bootinfo -k		getconf KERNEL_BITS	getconf WORD_BIT	isainfo -kv	64
Crash utility	crash	crash	adb		crash	kdbx
Trace System Calls	syscalls	truss	tusc	strace	truss
Machine model	uname -m bootinfo -m	uname -m	model uname -m	uname -m	uname -imp	uname -p