linux命令详解

COMMAND 命令 DESCRIPTION 注解 System information
系统信息 arch show architecture of machine
显示主机的体系结构 uname -r show used kernel version
显示kernel版本信息 dmidecode -q show hardware system components - (SMBIOS / DMI)
显示硬件系统部件 hdaparm -i /dev/hda displays the characteristics of a hard-disk
显示某一硬盘特点 hdparm -tT /dev/sda perform test reading on a hard-disk
执行某一硬盘读取测试 cat /proc/cpuinfo show information CPU info
显示CPU信息 cat /proc/interrupts show interrupts
显示中断信息 cat /proc/meminfo verify memory use
核实内存使用情况 cat /proc/swaps show file(s) swap
显示文件swap情况 cat /proc/version show version of the kernel
显示kernel版本信息 cat /proc/net/dev show network adpters and statistics
显示网络信息 cat /proc/mounts show mounted file system(s)
显示挂载系统信息 lspci -tv display PCI devices
显示PCI设备 lsusb -tv show USB devices
显示USB设备 date show system date
显示系统日期 cal 2007 show the timetable of 2007
显示2007年日历 date 041217002007.00 set date and time
- MonthDayhoursMinutesYear.Second
设置时间和日期 - 格式：月日时分年.秒 clock -w
save changes on BIOS
保存BIOS设置
Files and Directory
文件及目录 cd /home enter to directory '/ home'
进入/home目录 cd .. go back one level
向上返回一个目录 cd ../.. go back two levels
向上返回两个目录 cd go to home directory
前往/home目录 cd ~utente go to home directory
前往/home目录 cd - go to previous directory
进入先前所在目录 pwd show the path of work directory
显示目录路径 ls view files of directory
显示目录内包含的文件 ls -F view files of directory
显示目录内包含的文件 ls -l show details of files and directory
显示目录内文件的详细信息 ls -a show hidden files
显示隐藏文件 ls *[0-9]* show files and directory containing number
显示目录内包含有数字的文件 lstree show files and directories in a tree starting from root
以树形显示文件 mkdir dir1 create a directory called 'dir1'
建立dir1目录 mkdir dir1 dir2 create two directories simultaneously
建立两个目录 mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2 create a directory tree
建立目录树 rm -f file1 delete file called 'file1'
删除名为file1的文件 rmdir dir1 delete directory called 'dir1'
删除名为dir1的目录 rm -rf dir1 remove a directory called 'dir1' and contents recursively
删除dir1目录及所含文件 rm -rf dir1 dir2 remove two directories and their contents recursively
删除dir1 dir 2两个目录及所含文件 mv dir1 new_dir rename / move a file or directory
重命名/移动 文件或文件夹 cp file1 file2 copying a file
复制文件 cp dir/* . copy all files of a directory within the current work directory
复制目录及目录内所有文件到当前目录 cp -a /tmp/dir1 . copy a directory within the current work directory
复制目录到当前目录 cp -a dir1 dir2 copy a directory
复制目录 ln -s file1 lnk1 create a symbolic link to file or directory
建立文件或目录的符号链 ln file1 lnk1 create a physical link to file or directory
建立文件或目录的物理链 touch -t 0712250000 fileditest modify timestamp of a file or directory
- (YYMMDDhhmm)
修改文件或目录的时间戳
- 格式：YYMMDDhhmm
COMMAND 命令 DESCRIPTION 注解 File search
文件搜索 find / -name file1 search file and directory into root filesystem from '/'
在 / 目录中搜索文件或目录 find / -user user1 search files and directories belonging to 'user1'
搜索属于user1的文件和目录 find /home/user1 -name *.bin search files with '. bin' extension within directory '/ home/user1'
在/home/user1目录内搜索包含有.bin的文件 find /usr/bin -type f -atime +100 search bynary files are not used in the last 100 days
搜索100天未用的文件 find /usr/bin -type f -mtime -10 search files created or changed within 10 days
搜索10天内创建或更改的文件 find / -name *.rpm -exec chmod 755 {} ; search files with '.rpm' extension and modify permits
搜索带有修改属性的.rpm的文件 find / -name *.rpm -xdev search files with '.rpm' extension ignoring removable partitions as cdrom, pen-drive, etc.…
搜索全属性的.rpm的文件 locate *.ps find files with the '.ps' extension - first run 'updatedb' command
搜索扩展名为.ps的文件
- 需要先运行updatedb命令 whereis halt show location of a binary file,source or man
搜索halt的路径 which halt show full path to a binary / executable
取得halt列表并寻找当halt作为命令给定时所运行的文件

COMMAND 命令 DESCRIPTION 注解 Mounting a Filesystem
挂载文件系统 mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2 mount disk called hda2 - verify existence of the directory '/ mnt/hda2'
挂载名为hda2的硬盘设备 umount /dev/hda2 unmount disk called hda2 - exit from mount point '/ mnt/hda2' first
取消挂载名为hda2的硬盘设备 fuser -km /mnt/hda2 force umount when the device is busy
强行取消挂载设备 umount -n /mnt/hda2 run umount without writing the file /etc/mtab - useful when the file is read-only or the hard disk is full
不记录挂载信息直接取消挂载
- 当硬盘为只读或硬盘已满时很实用 mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy mount a floppy disk
挂载软盘 mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom mount a cdrom / dvdrom
挂载CDrom或DVDrom mount /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrecorder mount a cdrw / dvdrom
挂载CD-RW或DVDrom mount /dev/hdb /mnt/cdrecorder mount a cdrw / dvdrom
挂载CD-RW或DVDrom mount -o loop file.iso /mnt/cdrom mount a file or iso image
挂载一个文件或ISO光盘镜像 mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5 mount a Windows FAT32 file system
挂载windows FAT32文件系统 mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbdisk mount a usb pen-drive or flash-drive
挂载USB闪存设备 mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass //winclient/share /mnt/share mount a windows network share
挂载windows网络共享

COMMAND 命令 DESCRIPTION 注解 Shutdown, Restart of a system and Logout
系统关机,重启或注销 shutdown -h now shutdown system
关闭系统 init 0 shutdown -r hours:minutes planned shutdown of the system
定时关机 shutdown -c cancel a planned shutdown of the system
取消定时关机 shutdown -r now reboot
重启系统 reboot logout leaving session
注销用户