oracle rman备份例子

环境:

OS:Red Hat Linux As 5

DB:10.2.0.4

 

-------------------------------Linux----------------------------------

1.备份数据文件,归档日志文件,控制文件

run{
allocate channel dup type disk;
backup format '/u02/rman_bak/20120602/df_t%t_s%s_p%p' database;
backup current controlfile format '/u02/rman_bak/20120602/control_flie_t%t_s%s_p%p';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup format '/u02/rman_bak/20120602/archive_log_t%t_s%s_p%p' archivelog all delete input;
release channel dup;
}

 

2.我们在备份了归档日志后作了删除后,将备份集的归档日志解压到某个目录.

run
{
  set archivelog destination to '/u02/archive_log';
  restore archivelog all;
}

3.制定备份参数文件和控制文件

run{
  allocate channel c1 device type disk;
  allocate channel c2 device type disk;
  allocate channel c3 device type disk;
  allocate channel c4 device type disk;
  backup database format '/u02/rman_bak/full_%u_%T.bak';
  backup spfile format '/u02/rman_bak/spfile_%u_%T.bak';
  backup current controlfile format '/u02/rman_bak/ctl_%u_%T.bak';
  sql 'alter system archive log current';
  backup archivelog all delete input format '/u02/rman_bak/arc_%u_%T.bak';
  release channel c1;
  release channel c2;
  release channel c3;
  release channel c4;
}

这里单独制定备份了控制文件和参数文件,其实不用单独制定系统也会备份参数文件和控制文件.  这里delete input的作用是删除备份的归档日志,若没有这个语句的话,下次备份会重复备份上次备份过的归档日志.

 

4.零级备份

run{
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
backup incremental level 0 database format '/u02/rman_backup/0_level_backup_%u_%T';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}

5.差异一级备份(备份上最近一次0级或1级备份所变化的数据块)

run{
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
backup incremental level 1 database format '/u02/rman_backup/1_level_backup_%u_%T';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}

 

 

6.root用户下备份

#!/bin/bash
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_SID=oracl
export ORACLE_USER=oracle
#start or stop script
user=sys
user_pwd=sys
l_rman_path='/u01/rman_backup'
l_date=`date +%Y%m%d`
l_year=`echo ${l_date}|cut -c1-4`
l_month=`echo ${l_date}|cut -c1-6`

su - "$ORACLE_USER"< rman< connect target ${user}/${user_pwd}
run
{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
backup spfile format '/rmanbak/mybak/spfile_%u_%t_%T.bak';
backup current controlfile format '/rmanbak/mybak/ctl_%u_%t_%T.bak';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}
EOF
EOO

 

7.oracle用户下备份

#!/bin/bash
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_SID=oracl
#start or stop script
user=sys
user_pwd=sys
l_rman_path='/u01/rman_backup'
l_date=`date +%Y%m%d`
l_year=`echo ${l_date}|cut -c1-4`
l_month=`echo ${l_date}|cut -c1-6`

rman< connect target ${user}/${user_pwd}
run
{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
backup spfile format '/rmanbak/mybak/spfile_%u_%t_%T.bak';
backup current controlfile format '/rmanbak/mybak/ctl_%u_%t_%T.bak';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}
EOF

备份数据库、控制文件、参数文件、归档日志(备份后不删除)
#!/bin/bash
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0.4/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_SID=slnngk
#start or stop script
user=sys
user_pwd=sys
l_rman_path='/u01/rman'
l_date=`date +%Y%m%d`
cur_date=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M`
l_year=`echo ${l_date}|cut -c1-4`
l_month=`echo ${l_date}|cut -c1-6`
rman< connect target ${user}/${user_pwd}
run
{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
backup spfile format '${l_rman_path}/spfile_%u_%t_%T_${cur_date}.bak';
backup current controlfile format '${l_rman_path}/ctl_%u_%t_%T_${cur_date}.bak';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format '/u01/rman/archivelog_%u_%t_%T_${cur_date}';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}
EOF

备份归档日志后进行删除的话，需要加上delete input选择项:
backup archivelog all delete input format '/u01/rman/archivelog_%u_%t_%T';


8.AIX(root用户下)

ctl_bak.sh内容如下

#!/bin/ksh
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_SID=oracl
export ORACLE_USER=oracle
l_date=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M`
l_day=`echo ${l_date}|cut -c1-8`

su - "$ORACLE_USER"< rman target / nocatalog cmdfile '/rbak/script/ctl_bak.sql' log '/rbak/script/ctl_bak_${l_day}.log'
EOO

ctl_bak.sql内容如下
run
{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
backup spfile format '/rbak/rmanbak/spfile_%u_%n_%T.bak';
backup current controlfile format '/rbak/rmanbak/ctl_%u_%n_%T.bak';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}

 
9.duration使用(hh:mi)
run{
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
backup duration 00:30 minimize load database;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}

-- minimize time快一些
run{
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
backup duration 00:30 minimize time database;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}

---------------------------------Windows--------------------------------

备份脚本rman_bakup.sql

run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
backup database format 'F:\rman_backup\full_%U_%T.bak';
release channel c1;
}
exit

 

生成批处理文件rman_backup.bat

rman target sys/sys nocatalog CMDFILE 'F:\rman_script\rman_bakup.sql' LOG 'F:\rman_script\rman_backup_%date:~0,4%%date:~5,2%%date:~8,2%_%time:~0,2%%time:~3,2%%time:~6,2%.log'

 

 

通配符号说明

%c 备份片的拷贝数
%d 数据库名称
%D 位于该月中的第几天 (DD)
%M 位于该年中的第几月 (MM)
%F 一个基于DBID唯一的名称,这个格式的形式为c-IIIIIIIIII-YYYYMMDD-QQ,其中IIIIIIIIII为该数据库的DBID，YYYYMMDD为日期，QQ是一个1-256的序列
%n 数据库名称，向右填补到最大八个字符
%u 一个八个字符的名称代表备份集与创建时间
%p 该备份集中的备份片号，从1开始到创建的文件数
%U 一个唯一的文件名,代表%u_%p_%c
%s 备份集的号
%t 备份集时间戳
%T 年月日格式(YYYYMMDD)