在Oracle Redhat as 4下安装Oracle

步骤1:安装Oracle Redhat as 4(相关介质可以到oracle官方网站下载)

本人安装的oracle linux的内核版本是2.6.9-42.0.0.0.1.ELhugemem

 

步骤2:创建oracle用户

[root@rac1 /]# groupadd oinstall
[root@rac1 /]# groupadd dba
[root@rac1 /]# mkdir -p /u01/export/home
[root@rac1 /]# useradd -d /u01/export/home/oracle -g oinstall -G dba -s /bin/bash oracle -m
[root@rac1 /]# chown oracle:dba /u01/export/home/oracle /u01
[root@rac1 /]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

步骤3:使用oracle用户登陆系统

若登陆后发现在用户主目录下没有发现如下四个文件(.bash_history,.bash_logout,.bash_profile,.bashrc),则将这四个文件从root用户主目录copy到oracle用户主目录.

cp /root/.bash_history /u01/export/home/oracle
cp /root/.bash_logout /u01/export/home/oracle
cp /root/.bash_profile /u01/export/home/oracle
cp /root/.bashrc /u01/export/home/oracle

 

 

步骤4:修改profile文件/u01/export/home/oracle/.bash_profile,加入如下内容

export PS1="`/bin/hostname -s`-> "
export EDITOR=vi
export ORACLE_SID=oracl
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/bin:/sbin
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
umask 022
stty erase ^h

 

步骤5:创建oracle目录

[oracle@rac1 /]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin
[oracle@rac1 /]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_HOME

步骤6：安装oracle软件(相关介质可以到oracle官网下载)

本人安装的oracle版本是10.2.0.1 for linux
可以使用unzip解压缩zip文件如(unzip "your_db_file.zip")

1.进入oracle介质目录执行

[oracle@rac1 database]$ ./runInstaller

提示1:若安装linux的时候没有安装libXp包会报如下错误:

Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2012-07-04_12-11-32AM. Please wait ...[oracle@hxl database]$ Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /tmp/OraInstall2012-07-04_12-11-32AM/jre/1.4.2/lib/i386/libawt.so: libXp.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
        at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.Runtime.loadLibrary0(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.System.loadLibrary(Unknown Source)
        at sun.security.action.LoadLibraryAction.run(Unknown Source)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at sun.awt.NativeLibLoader.loadLibraries(Unknown Source)
        at sun.awt.DebugHelper.(Unknown Source)
        at java.awt.Component.(Unknown Source)

在安装盘中找到libXp安装即可.

[root@hxl Server]# rpm -ivh libXp-1.0.0-8.i386.rpm

提示2:执行的时候报权限问题

[oracle@hxl database]$ ./runInstaller
./runInstaller: line 54: /u01/ftp/10201_database_linux32/database/install/.oui: Permission denied

将存放数据库安装文件的整个目录授予755权限
[oracle@hxl]$ chmod -R 755 ./database/

 

2.出现如下界面,选择Basic Installation,UNIX DBA Group选择oinstall,这里先不创建数据库(安装完软件后使用dbca创建数据库),取消Create Starter Database,然后点击Next

3.Specify Operating System group name选择oinstall,点击Next

4.oracle检查各安装条件项

5.这里选择Yes

6.点击Install

7.开始安装软件

8.在安装过程中会出现如下的窗口提示执行两个脚本.打开一个命令窗口,在root用户下顺序执行如下的两个脚本

9.安装完成,点击Exit

oracle软件部分已经安装完成,下面将创建数据库.

步骤7:创建数据库

1.[oracle@rac1 /]$ dbca

2.点击Next

3.选择Create a Database,点击Next

4.选择General Purpose,点击Next

5.输入Global Database Name和SID,这里我输入的都是oracl,点击Next

6.这里我们先不选择配置EM,取消Configure the Database with Enterprise Manager,点击Next

 

7.为各账户设置密码,这里选择为所有的账户设置相同的密码(为了安全,注意安装完成后需要修改各账户的密码),选择Use the Same Password for All Accounts,点击Next

8.指定数据文件存储方式,这里选择File System

9.使用模板创建数据文件存储路径,这里选择Use Database File Locations from Template,点击Next

10.指定Flash Recovery Area位置以及大小,通知启用归档模式,选择Enable Archiving,点击Next.

11.这里不选择创建Sample Schemas,直接点击Next.

12.这里配置SGA,PGA的大小,根据操作系统内存的大小设置相应的SGA和PGA,这里我选择了Custom,SGA分配了500M,PGA分配了100M(机器的物理内存是700M).

选择字符集,这里选择AL32UTF8,Default language选择了American.

选择数据连接模式, 这里选择了Dedicated Server Mode.该页面各项配置完成后点击Next.

13.这里列出了数据库控制文件, 数据文件以及在线重做日志文件的路径和大小,这里可以创建, 修改和删除各数据文件.

这里我不做任何修改,直接点击Next

14.确认选择了Create Database后,点击Finish.

15.这里列出了数据库所有的配置信息,  点击Ok.

16.开始创建数据库

17.数据库创建完成后提示如下提示框, 点击Password Management对个账户进行密码管理

18.这里可以重新设置各账户的密码,这里我对sys和system账户进行密码重设置,点击ok,数据库安装完成.

19.验证数据库安装是否成功

[oracle@rac1 /]$ set ORACLE_SID=oracl
[oracle@rac1 /]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 28 04:17:30 2011 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. 
SQL> connect / as sysdba 
Connected. 
SQL> select * from dual; 
D 
- 
X

步骤8:配置监听器

1.启动netca

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ netca

2.选择Listener configuration,点击Next

 

3.选择ADD,点击Next

4.输入监听器名称,这里保留默认名称,点击Next

5.选择TCP协议,点击Next

 

6.指定端口号,这里默认是1521,点击Next

7.这里提示是否再配置一个监听器,选择NO,点击Next,结束监听器的配置

 

配置完成后listener.ora文件

/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora 的内容如下:

[oracle@rac1 admin]$ more listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PL***tProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.30.99)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
    )
  )

8.查看监听器的状态

[oracle@rac1 admin]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 28-NOV-2011 09:02:57

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.30.99)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------

Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 28-NOV-2011 09:00:21
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 36 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rac1)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "PL***tProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "PL***tProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "oracl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "oracl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "oraclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "oracl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "oracl_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "oracl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

9.在客户端的机器上的tnsnames.ora文件里添加如下项

mydb =
(DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.30.99)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = oracl)
    )
  )

10.客户端连接数据库

C:\Documents and Settings\huangxl>sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期一 11月 28 16:07:36 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> connect system/sys@mydb
已连接。

步骤9:配置数据库自动启动

数据库安装好后,操作系统每次重启动后,数据库不会自动启动,要是数据库能自动启动,需要自写脚本处理.

1.切换root用户进入到目录/etc/rc.d/init.d

cd /etc/rc.d/init.d

2.vi db_control.sh,加入如下内容

#!/bin/bash
#chkconfig: 2345
#description:oracle_orcl
#
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/db_control.sh
# auto start database orcl instance

#set oracle env
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_SID=oracl
export ORACLE_USER=oracle
#start or stop script
case $1 in
start)
su - "$ORACLE_USER"<
lsnrctl start LISTENER
sqlplus /nolog<
connect /as sysdba
startup
EOS
EOO
;;

stop)
su - "$ORACLE_USER"<
lsnrctl stop LISTENER
sqlplus /nolog<
connect /as sysdba
shutdown immediate
EOS
EOO
;;

*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
;;
esac

3.修改 db_control.sh权限
chmod 755 db_control.sh

4.建立启动连接

[root@rac1 init.d]#ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/db_control.sh /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/S99oracle #多用户模式,没有NFS
[root@rac1 init.d]#ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/db_control.sh /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S99oracle #完全多用户模式
[root@rac1 init.d]#ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/db_control.sh /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99oracle #X11

5.要在重新启动时停止数据库,建立如下连结:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@rac1 init.d]#ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/db_control.sh /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K01oracle #停止
[root@rac1 init.d]#ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/db_control.sh /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/K01oracle #重启动