#!/usr/bin/python
import sys, os
# this statement
line = sys.stdin.readline()
# is equivalent to
line = raw_input()
# is equivalent to
for line in sys.stdin:
pass
# check argument number
if len(sys.argv) == 1:
pass
# if stdin is console
if sys.stdin.isatty():
pass
# check platform
if sys.platform[:3] == 'win':
import msvcrt
msvcrt.putch('?')
key = msvcrt.getche()
pass
elif sys.platform[:5] == 'linux':
pass
# find in string
self = '\n'
eoln = self.text.find('\n')
if eoln == -1:
pass
else:
pass
# print in stderr
sys.stderr.write('error!')
print >> sys.stderr, 'error!'
# split string
output = 'hello\nworld\n'
for line in output.split('\n'):
print line
# file redirection
dbfile = open('input.txt') # recommended
sys.stdin = dbfile
fdfile = sys.stdout.fileno
objfile = os.fdopen(fdfile)
# cyclic input
while True:
try:
line = raw_input()
except EOFError:
break
else:
pass
# file process
file = open('data.txt', 'r')
for line in file:
print line,
for line in open('data.txt', 'r'):
print line,
for line in file.readlines():
print line,
# strip the trailing \n
lines = [line.rstrip() for line in open('data.txt')]
# import module
import sys
sys.path.append("..")
# or create __init__ in directory
# print
print('hello'), # not start a newline
sys.stdout.write('hello')
os.write(1, 'hello')
# retrieve file's meta infomation
info = os.stat(r'data.txt')
import stat
print(info[stat.ST_MODE], info[stat.ST_SIZE])
path = r'data.txt' # recommended
os.path.isdir(path), os.path.isfile(path), os.path.getsize(path)
# scan file
while True:
line = file.readline()
if not line:
break
else:
print(line[:-1])
# define customized exception
class UnknownCommand(Exception):
pass
try:
pass
except KeyError:
raise UnknownCommand
# function iterator
map(str.rstrip, open('data.txt', 'r'))
[str.rstrip(line) for line in open('data.txt', 'r')]
# get output of command
for line in os.popen('ls').readlines():
print(line[:-1])
import glob
glob.glob('*') # recommanded, implicitly fnmatch
os.listdir('.') # more recommanded
# process pathname and basename
for file in glob.glob('*'):
head, tail = os.path.split(file)
for file in os.listdir('.'):
print os.path.join('.', file)
# recursively visit
def lister(dummy, dirname, fileindir):
exceptions = ('.', '..')
if fileindir not in exceptions:
print fileindir
os.path.walk('.', lister, None)
os.walk
#exception example
try:
names = os.listdir('.
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