1. 有两个SHELL命令有此功能:
dirname和basename
2. 同名的两个C函数: (man 文档)
#include
char *dirname(char *path);
char *basename(char *path);
DESCRIPTION
Warning: there are two different functions basename() - see below.
The functions dirname() and basename() break a null-terminated pathname
string into directory and filename components. In the usual case,
dirname() returns the string up to, but not including, the final ’/’,
and basename() returns the component following the final ’/’. Trailing
’/’ characters are not counted as part of the pathname.
If path does not contain a slash, dirname() returns the string "."
while basename() returns a copy of path. If path is the string "/",
then both dirname() and basename() return the string "/". If path is a
NULL pointer or points to an empty string, then both dirname() and
basename() return the string ".".
Concatenating the string returned by dirname(), a "/", and the string
returned by basename() yields a complete pathname.
Both dirname() and basename() may modify the contents of path, so
copies should be passed to these functions. Furthermore, dirname() and
basename() may return pointers to statically allocated memory which may
be overwritten by subsequent calls.
The following list of examples (taken from SUSv2) shows the strings
returned by dirname() and basename() for different paths:
path dirname basename
"/usr/lib" "/usr" "lib"
"/usr/" "/" "usr"
"usr" "." "usr"
"/" "/" "/"
"." "." "."
".." "." ".."
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