全部博文（60）
分类： Oracle
2011-02-13 14:04:48
5.编辑/etc/security/limits.conf文件
安装相关系统包
[root@taolin ~]# umount /mnt
[root@taolin ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda3 6.7G 2.4G 4.1G 37% /
/dev/hda1 99M 9.8M 84M 11% /boot
tmpfs 125M 0 125M 0% /dev/shm
[root@taolin ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@taolin ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda3 6.7G 2.4G 4.1G 37% /
/dev/hda1 99M 9.8M 84M 11% /boot
tmpfs 125M 0 125M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hdc 2.7G 2.7G 0 100% /mnt
[root@taolin ~]# cd /mnt/Server/
[root@taolin Server]# rpm -qa|grep setarch
setarch-2.0-1.1
[root@taolin Server]# rpm -qa|grep make
make-3.81-1.1
[root@taolin Server]# rpm -qa|grep glibc
glibc-2.5-12
glibc-common-2.5-12
[root@taolin Server]# rpm -qa|grep libaio
libaio-0.3.106-3.2
[root@taolin Server]# rpm -qa|grep compat-libstdc
[root@taolin Server]# rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-
compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-138.i386.rpm compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.i386.rpm
[root@taolin Server]# rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.i386.rpm
warning: compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:compat-libstdc++-33 ########################################### [100%]
[root@taolin Server]# rpm -qa|grep compat-gcc-34
[root@taolin Server]# rpm -ivh compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-4.i386.rpm
warning: compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-4.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186
error: Failed dependencies:
glibc-devel >= 2.2.90-12 is needed by compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-4.i386
[root@taolin Server]# rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.5-12.i386.rpm
warning: glibc-devel-2.5-12.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186
error: Failed dependencies:
glibc-headers is needed by glibc-devel-2.5-12.i386
glibc-headers = 2.5-12 is needed by glibc-devel-2.5-12.i386
[root@taolin Server]# rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.5-12.i386.rpm glibc-headers-2.5-12.i386.rpm
warning: glibc-devel-2.5-12.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:glibc-headers ########################################### [ 50%]
2:glibc-devel ########################################### [100%]
[root@taolin Server]# rpm -ivh compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-4.i386.rpm
warning: compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-4.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:compat-gcc-34 ########################################### [100%]
[root@taolin Server]# rpm -ivh compat-gcc-34-c++-3.4.6-4.i386.rpm
warning: compat-gcc-34-c++-3.4.6-4.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:compat-gcc-34-c++ ########################################### [100%]
[root@taolin Server]# rpm -ivh gcc-4.1.1-52.el5.i386.rpm
warning: gcc-4.1.1-52.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186
error: Failed dependencies:
libgomp = 4.1.1-52.el5 is needed by gcc-4.1.1-52.el5.i386
libgomp.so.1 is needed by gcc-4.1.1-52.el5.i386
[root@taolin Server]# rpm -ivh libgomp-4.1.1-52.el5.i386.rpm
warning: libgomp-4.1.1-52.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:libgomp ########################################### [100%]
[root@taolin Server]# rpm -ivh gcc-4.1.1-52.el5.i386.rpm
warning: gcc-4.1.1-52.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:gcc ########################################### [100%]
[root@taolin Server]# rpm -qa|grep libXp
libXpm-3.5.5-3
[root@taolin Server]# rpm -ivh libXp-
libXp-1.0.0-8.i386.rpm libXp-devel-1.0.0-8.i386.rpm
[root@taolin Server]# rpm -ivh libXp-1.0.0-8.i386.rpm
warning: libXp-1.0.0-8.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:libXp ########################################### [100%]
[root@taolin Server]# rpm -qa|grep openmotif
[root@taolin Server]# rpm -ivh openmotif-2.3.0-0.3.el5.i386.rpm
warning: openmotif-2.3.0-0.3.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:openmotif ########################################### [100%]
[root@taolin Server]# rpm -ivh compat-db-4.2.52-5.1.i386.rpm
warning: compat-db-4.2.52-5.1.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:compat-db ########################################### [100%]
创建相关用户组及用户[root@taolin Server]# groupadd oinstall
[root@taolin Server]# groupadd dba
[root@taolin Server]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@taolin Server]# pwaaswd oracle
-bash: pwaaswd: command not found
[root@taolin Server]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
添加存储空间[root@taolin ~]# fdisk –l
Disk /dev/hda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/hda2 14 144 1052257+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/hda3 145 1044 7229250 83 Linux
Disk /dev/hdb: 12.8 GB, 12884901888 bytes
15 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26630 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 945 * 512 = 483840 bytes
Disk /dev/hdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
[root@taolin ~]# fdisk /dev/hdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 26630.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): w
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-26630, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-26630, default 26630):
Using default value 26630
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/hdb: 12.8 GB, 12884901888 bytes
15 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26630 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 945 * 512 = 483840 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hdb1 1 26630 12582643+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@taolin ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/hdb1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
1572864 inodes, 3145660 blocks
157283 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=3221225472
96 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 25 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@taolin ~]# mkdir /u01
[root@taolin ~]# mount /dev/hdb1 /u01
[root@taolin ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda3 6.7G 2.4G 4.0G 38% /
/dev/hda1 99M 9.8M 84M 11% /boot
tmpfs 298M 0 298M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hdb1 12G 159M 12G 2% /u01
[root@taolin ~]# vi /etc/fstab
[root@taolin ~]# cat /etc/fstab
LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1
LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
LABEL=SWAP-hda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/hdb1 /u01 ext3 defaults 0 0
[root@taolin ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
[root@taolin ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
[root@taolin ~]#
设置内核参数#sysctl -p 使之生效
kernel.shmmni = 4096
# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=262144
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=262144
编辑/etc/security/limits.conf文件添加如下内容：
* soft nproc 2047
* hard nproc 16384
* soft nofile 1024
* hard nofile 65536
编辑/etc/pam.d/login文件添加如下内容：
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
如果有这个selinux，则禁用之：[root@taolin ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - SELinux is fully disabled.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= type of policy in use. Possible values are:
# targeted - Only targeted network daemons are protected.
# strict - Full SELinux protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
[root@taolin ~]#
编辑oracle用户的.bash_profile文件添加如下内容：
# Oracle Settings
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=nico1; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
编辑/etc/redhat-release文件将5改为4
[root@taolin ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 4 (Tikanga)
开始安装
[oracle@taolin database]$ ./runInstaller -silent \
> -responseFile /u01/10g/db/database/response/enterprise.rsp \
> ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 \
> ORACLE_HOME_NAME=OraDb10g_home1 \
> n_configurationOption=3
注意：
指定的目录要是空的，否则会报如下错误：
SEVERE:OUI-10029:You have specified a non-empty directory to install this product. It is recommended to specify either an empty or a non-existent directory. You may, however, choose to ignore this message if the directory contains Operating System generated files or subdirectories like lost+found.
报这个错误的时候，只需要删除相应目录中的文件及目录即可！
安装完成后，提示你运行相关脚本：
… …
Installation in progress (Sun Sep 27 21:06:43 CST 2009)
............................................................... 18% Done.
............................................................... 36% Done.
............................................................... 54% Done.
............................................................... 73% Done.
............ 76% Done.
Install successful
Linking in progress (Sun Sep 27 21:08:10 CST 2009)
Link successful
Setup in progress (Sun Sep 27 21:09:02 CST 2009)
.............. 100% Done.
Setup successful
End of install phases.(Sun Sep 27 21:09:07 CST 2009)
WARNING:A new inventory has been created in this session. However, it has not yet been registered as the central inventory of this system.
To register the new inventory please run the script '/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh' with root privileges.
If you do not register the inventory, you may not be able to update or patch the products you installed.
The following configuration scripts
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh
need to be executed as root for configuring the system. If you skip the execution of the configuration tools, the configuration will not be complete and the product wont function properly. In order to get the product to function properly, you will be required to execute the scripts and the configuration tools after exiting the OUI.
The installation of Oracle Database 10g was successful.
Please check '/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2009-09-27_09-06-32PM.log' for more details.
运行相关脚本：
[root@taolin ~]# /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory to 770.
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete
[root@taolin ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh
Running Oracle10 root.sh script...
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
[root@taolin ~]#
至此RDBMS软件安装完成：
[oracle@taolin database]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Sep 27 21:13:16 2009
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL>
升级至10.2.0.4./runInstaller -silent \
> -responseFile/u01/10g/patch/Disk1/response/patchset.rsp \
> ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME \
> ORACLE_HOME_NAME=OraDb10g_home1
… …
Deinstall in progress (Sunday, September 27, 2009 9:18:45 PM CST)
............................................................... 0% Done.
............................................................... 18% Done.
............................................................... 37% Done.
............................................................... 56% Done.
............................................................... 75% Done.
................. 100% Done.
Deinstall successful
Installation in progress (Sunday, September 27, 2009 9:18:45 PM CST)
............................................................... 18% Done.
............................................................... 37% Done.
............................................................... 56% Done.
............................................................... 75% Done.
........................................ 87% Done.
Install successful
Linking in progress (Sunday, September 27, 2009 9:20:09 PM CST)
.. 88% Done.
Link successful
Setup in progress (Sunday, September 27, 2009 9:20:55 PM CST)
........ 100% Done.
Setup successful
End of install phases.(Sunday, September 27, 2009 9:20:59 PM CST)
WARNING:
The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
#!/bin/sh
#Root script to run
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
1. Open a terminal window
2. Log in as "root"
3. Run the scripts
The installation of Oracle Database 10g Release 2 Patch Set 3 was successful.
Please check '/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2009-09-27_09-18-28PM.log' for more details.
[oracle@taolin Disk1]$
提示运行root.sh脚本：
[root@taolin ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh
Running Oracle10 root.sh script...
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
[root@taolin ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh
Running Oracle10 root.sh script...
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
The file "dbhome" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)
[n]: y
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
The file "oraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)
[n]: y
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
The file "coraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)
[n]: y
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
[root@taolin ~]#
至此，数据库已经升级至10.2.0.4：
[oracle@taolin Disk1]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun Sep 27 21:25:30 2009
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
SQL>
模式创建数据库
[root@taolin ~]# locate General_Purpose.dbc
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/assistants/dbca/templates/General_Purpose.dbc
[root@taolin ~]# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/assistants/dbca/templates/
[root@taolin templates]# ll
total 114104
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 5728 Feb 17 2008 Data_Warehouse.dbc
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 13017088 Feb 17 2008 example01.dfb
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1048576 Feb 17 2008 example.dmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 5608 Feb 17 2008 General_Purpose.dbc
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 12050 Aug 18 2006 New_Database.dbt
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 7061504 Feb 17 2008 Seed_Database.ctl
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 95543296 Feb 17 2008 Seed_Database.dfb
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 5665 Feb 17 2008 Transaction_Processing.dbc
[oracle@taolin ~]$ dbca -silent –createDatabase \
> -templatename General_Purpose.dbc \
> -gdbname nico1 -sid nico1 \
> -SysPassword oracle -SystemPassword oracle \
> -emConfiguration NONE \
> -characterSet ZHS16GBK
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/dbca/nico1/nico1.log" for further details.
[oracle@taolin ~]$
升级数据库
很多情况下，我们的数据库是在10.2.0.1下就创建好了的，这个时候，升级RDBMS的时候只要停止相关服务即可，比如：数据库、监听器、EM、isqlplus等，停止完后，升级的方法和安装后升级一样。
对于数据库，我们使用DBUA来升级，过程如下：
[oracle@nicodb1 ~]$ dbua -silent -dbname $ORACLE_SID \
> -oracleHome $ORACLE_HOME -sysDBAUserName sys \
> -sysDBAPassword admin -recompile_invalid_objects true
Log files for the upgrade operation are located at: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/dbua/db1/upgrade
Performing Pre Upgrade
1% complete
7% complete
Upgrading Oracle Server
8% complete
9% complete
10% complete
10% complete
11% complete
12% complete
13% complete
13% complete
14% complete
15% complete
16% complete
16% complete
17% complete
18% complete
19% complete
20% complete
20% complete
21% complete
22% complete
23% complete
23% complete
24% complete
Upgrading JServer JAVA Virtual Machine
26% complete
26% complete
27% complete
28% complete
29% complete
30% complete
Upgrading Oracle XDK for Java
31% complete
32% complete
Upgrading Oracle Java Packages
33% complete
Upgrading Oracle Text
35% complete
Upgrading Oracle XML Database
36% complete
37% complete
38% complete
39% complete
Upgrading Oracle Workspace Manager
40% complete
Upgrading Oracle Data Mining
42% complete
43% complete
43% complete
44% complete
Upgrading OLAP Analytic Workspace
46% complete
Upgrading OLAP Catalog
47% complete
48% complete
49% complete
50% complete
50% complete
51% complete
Upgrading Oracle OLAP API
53% complete
53% complete
54% complete
Upgrading Oracle interMedia
56% complete
56% complete
57% complete
58% complete
59% complete
Upgrading Spatial
60% complete
61% complete
62% complete
Upgrading Expression Filter
63% complete
Upgrading EM Repository
65% complete
66% complete
66% complete
67% complete
68% complete
69% complete
70% complete
70% complete
Upgrading Rule Manager
72% complete
Performing Post Upgrade
73% complete
84% complete
85% complete
86% complete
86% complete
92% complete
Generating Summary
Database upgrade has been completed successfully, and the database is ready to use.
100% complete
Check the log file "/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/dbua/logs/silent.log" for upgrade details.
