技术在于专研
分类： Oracle
2011-12-21 15:57:43
一、系统要求
1、至少1G物理内存；检查命令：# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
2、交换空间的设置；检查命令：# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
实际内存 建议交换空间大小
-------------- -----------------------------
不超过1G 2倍于内存
1G-2G 1.5倍于内存
2G-8G 与内存相同
超过8G 0.75倍于内存
3、/tmp目录至少400M空闲空间；检查命令：# df -k /tmp
4、oracle软件所需空间至少3G；检查命令：# df -k
5、数据库文件所需空间1.2G左右；检查命令：# df -k
6、确认系统架构(主要确认是装32bit还是64bit版本)；检查命令：# grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo
7、确认Linux版本；检查命令：# more /etc/issue
8、确认Linux内核；检查命令：# uname -r
二、准备工作
检查安装oracle10g的依赖包是否存在，如没有则安装
# rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})n' binutils compat-db compat-libstdc++-296 control-center gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common gnome-libs libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make pdksh sysstat xscreensaver setarch
应该包含下列的包：
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
binutils-2.15.92.0.2-13.EL4
compat-db-4.1.25-9
compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-132.7.2
control-center-2.8.0-12
gcc-3.4.3-22.1.EL4
gcc-c++-3.4.3-22.1.EL44
glibc-2.3.4-2.9
glibc-common-2.3.4-2.9
gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1
libstdc++-3.4.3-22.1
libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-22.1
make-3.80-5
pdksh-5.2.14-30
sysstat-5.0.5-1
xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2
setarch-1.6-1
注意：RedHat AS4U2 x86默认安装的是binutils-2.15.92.0.2-15.x86_64.rpm，据称此版本会引起oracle安装失败！应另外下载binutils-2.15.92.0.2-13.0.0.0.2.x86_64.rpm
下载请到：http://rpm.pbone.net/index.php3/stat/4/idpl/2060541/com/binutils-2.15.92.0.2-13.i386.rpm.html
下载完成后执行下列命令安装：
#rpm -Uvh --force binutils-2.15.92.0.2-13.i386.rpm
compat-oracle-rhel4-1.0-5.i386.rpm网上也推荐安装，我想有总比没有强顺手也装上了。如果你安装不成功，可以下载这个包装上试试，安装这个包可能会关联到其它软件包，需要按照提示一并安装。
三、配置安装环境
1、配置核心参数。
1). # vi /etc/sysctl.conf ，将下列内容加入该文件。
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 1048576
net.core.rmem_max = 1048576
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
注：一般而言我们只需要修改kernel.shmmax这个值，该参数应该是物理内存的一半(字节)
编辑完之后存盘退出，然后运行下列命令重新加载并验证参数是否正确：
#sysctl -p
2). # vi /etc/security/limits.conf ，将下列内容加入该文件。
* soft nproc 2047
* hard nproc 16384
* soft nofile 1024
* hard nofile 65536
3). # vi /etc/pam.d/login ，将下列内容加入该文件
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
4). # vi /etc/selinux/config 确保存在以下内容。
SELINUX=disabled
2、创建相关目录，用户，组等
# groupadd dba
# groupadd oinstall
# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
# passwd oracle
## 创建用户和组完成，下面创建目录，目录位置你根据自己情况定吧，注意磁盘的空闲空间。
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle/
mkdir -p /backup/bak/
mkdir -p /data/orash
chown oracle:oinstall /backup/ -R
chown oracle:oinstall /data -R
chmod 755 /data -R
chmod 755 /backup/ -R
解压10201_database_linux32.zip
unzip 10201_database_linux32.zip
unzip p6810189_10204_Linux-x86.zip
修改database目录权限，用户和用户组
chown -R oracle:oinstall database/
chmod -R 775 database/
chown -R oracle:oinstall Disk1/
chmod -R 775 Disk1/
3、配置oracle用户的环境变量
# su - oracle
$ vi .bash_profile
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
unset ORACLE_SID ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME LD_LIBRARY_PATH TNS_ADMIN ORA_NLS33 ORACLE_OWNER ORACLE_TERM PATH NLS_LANG LANG
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_SID
ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
export ORA_NLS10
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:usr/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
#export LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
PATH=/usr/kerberos/sbin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin::$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/ucb:/etc:/usr/openwin/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/usr/local/bin
#export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
export PATH
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
让刚才编辑的环境变量生效：
. .bash_profile
四、安装ORACLE10GR2
终于要开始安装了，以oracle用户启动到视窗状态，打开一个终端。
$ cd /opt/database
su - root
xhost +
export LANG=C
su - oracle
rpm -Uvh libXp-1.0.0-8.1.el5.i386.rpm
增加swap分区
dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/swap bs=1M count=00 500M swap文件
mkswap /tmp/swap
swapon /tmp/swap
free
vi /etc/fstab
/tmp/swap swap swap defaults 0 0
$ ./runInstaller
选择只安装软件。
按照提示：
su - root
cd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/
./root.sh
升级数据库到10.2.0.4
cd /Disk1
./runInstall
如果提示非空目录，则选择确定
全next
以root身份运行两个.sh文件 选y
建立数据库
su - oracle
dbca
next
create a database
next
transaction processing
next
sid 跟 环境变量 sid 一致
next
next
输入密码
next
file system
next
next
next
sample schemas
next
memory
70
character sets
use unicode (AL32UTF8)
一般选zhs16gbk
next
next
finish
OK
打开归档
sqlplus / as sysdba
shutdown immediate
startup mount
alter database archivelog;
archive log list
看到：Automatic archival Enabled
alter database open;
alter system switch logfile; －－执行5次
exit
ls /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2011_12_15/
看到到里面有日期目录，即可
创建表空间
sqlplus / as sysdba
CREATE TABLESPACE OTA_DATA01 DATAFILE
'/data/ota_data01_01.dbf' SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
LOGGING
ONLINE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE
BLOCKSIZE 8K
SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT MANUAL
FLASHBACK ON;
CREATE TABLESPACE OTA_DATA04 DATAFILE
'/data/ota_data04_01.dbf' SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
LOGGING
ONLINE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE
BLOCKSIZE 8K
SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT MANUAL
FLASHBACK ON;
CREATE TABLESPACE OTA_DATA02 DATAFILE
'/data/ota_data02_01.dbf' SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
LOGGING
ONLINE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE
BLOCKSIZE 8K
SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT MANUAL
FLASHBACK ON;
CREATE TABLESPACE OTA_DATA03 DATAFILE
'/data/ota_data03_01.dbf' SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
LOGGING
ONLINE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE
BLOCKSIZE 8K
SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT MANUAL
FLASHBACK ON;
创建用户
CREATE USER SOTPMS_TEST
IDENTIFIED BY "123456"
DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP
PROFILE DEFAULT
ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
#-- 2 Roles for SOTPMS_TEST
GRANT CONNECT TO SOTPMS_TEST;
GRANT RESOURCE TO SOTPMS_TEST;
ALTER USER SOTPMS_TEST DEFAULT ROLE ALL;
#-- 6 System Privileges for SOTPMS_TEST
GRANT DEBUG ANY PROCEDURE TO SOTPMS_TEST;
GRANT DROP ANY DIRECTORY TO SOTPMS_TEST;
GRANT CREATE ANY DIRECTORY TO SOTPMS_TEST;
GRANT DEBUG CONNECT SESSION TO SOTPMS_TEST;
GRANT CREATE VIEW TO SOTPMS_TEST;
GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO SOTPMS_TEST;
CREATE USER SOTPAS_TEST
IDENTIFIED BY "123456"
DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP
PROFILE DEFAULT
ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
#-- 2 Roles for SOTPAS_TEST
GRANT CONNECT TO SOTPAS_TEST;
GRANT RESOURCE TO SOTPAS_TEST;
ALTER USER SOTPAS_TEST DEFAULT ROLE ALL;
-- 6 System Privileges for SOTPAS_TEST
GRANT DROP ANY DIRECTORY TO SOTPAS_TEST;
GRANT CREATE ANY DIRECTORY TO SOTPAS_TEST;
GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO SOTPAS_TEST;
GRANT CREATE VIEW TO SOTPAS_TEST;
GRANT DEBUG CONNECT SESSION TO SOTPAS_TEST;
GRANT DEBUG ANY PROCEDURE TO SOTPAS_TEST;
CREATE USER sotpcms_demo
IDENTIFIED BY "123456"
DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP
PROFILE DEFAULT
ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
#-- 2 Roles for sotpcms_demo
GRANT CONNECT TO sotpcms_demo;
GRANT RESOURCE TO sotpcms_demo;
ALTER USER sotpcms_demo DEFAULT ROLE ALL;
#-- 6 System Privileges for sotpcms_demo
GRANT DEBUG ANY PROCEDURE TO sotpcms_demo;
GRANT DROP ANY DIRECTORY TO sotpcms_demo;
GRANT CREATE ANY DIRECTORY TO sotpcms_demo;
GRANT DEBUG CONNECT SESSION TO sotpcms_demo;
GRANT CREATE VIEW TO sotpcms_demo;
GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO sotpcms_demo;
Exit
创建用户错误后清理用户
drop user sotpcms_demo cascade;
drop user SOTPAS_TEST cascade;
drop user SOTPMS_TEST cascade;
导入数据
gunzip sotpas_test.dmp.gz
gunzip sotpms_test.dmp.gz
Imp sotpms_test/123456 file=/tmp/sotpms_test.dmp log=/tmp/sotpms_test.log fromuser=sotpms_test touser=sotpms_test
Imp sotpas_test/123456 file=/tmp/sotpas_test.dmp log=/tmp/sotpas_test.log fromuser=sotpas_test touser=sotpas_test
imp sotpcms_demo/123456 file=/tmp/sotpcms_demo.dmp log=/tmp/sotpcms_demo.log fromuser= sotpcms_demo touser= sotpcms_demo
备份脚本
su – oracle
crontab -e
加入以下内容：
0 4 * * 3 /data/orash/incremental1.sh > /data/orash/incremental1.log
0 4 * * 1,2,4,5,6 /data/orash/incremental2.sh > /data/orash/incremental2.log
0 4 * * 0 /data/orash/incremental0.sh > /data/orash/incremental0.log
vi /data/orash/incremental0.sh
#!/bin/sh
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
dt=`date +%Y%m%d`
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman <
connect target /;
run
{
allocate channel d1 type disk;
backup
incremental level=0
format '/backup/bak/%d_incre0_$dt_%U.bak'
database;
backup format '/backup/bak/%d_control_$dt_%U.bak'
current controlfile;
backup archivelog all
format '/backup/bak/arch_bk1_$_dt_%U.bak'
delete input;
release channel d1;
}
quit;
vi /data/orash/incremental1.sh
#!/bin/sh
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
dt=`date +%Y%m%d`
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman <
connect target /;
run
{
allocate channel d1 type disk;
backup
incremental level=1
format '/backup/bak/%d_incre1_$dt_%U.bak'
database;
backup format '/backup/bak/%d_control_$dt_%U.bak'
current controlfile;
backup archivelog all
format '/backup/bak/arch_bk1_$_dt_%U.bak'
delete input;
release channel d1;
}
quit;
vi /data/orash/incremental2.sh
#!/bin/sh
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
dt=`date +%Y%m%d`
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman <
connect target /;
run
{
allocate channel d1 type disk;
backup
incremental level=2
format '/backup/bak/%d_incre2_$dt_%U.bak'
database;
backup format '/backup/bak/%d_control_$dt_%U.bak'
current controlfile;
backup archivelog all
format '/backup/bak/arch_bk1_$_dt_%U.bak'
delete input;
release channel d1;
}
quit;
chmod +x /data/orash/incremental0.sh
chmod +x /data/orash/incremental1.sh
chmod +x /data/orash/incremental2.sh
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
------------------------------------------------------------
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
startup --开启数据库
shutdown immediate --关闭数据库
字符集选择 GB2312
select open_mode from v$database; --查看数据库启动状态。
read write --正常
Vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ip)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
Vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
orcl =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ip)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
开启监听
$ lsnrctl start
查看监听状态
$ lsnrctl status
停止监听
$ lsnrctl stop
启动脚本：
$ vi /etc/oratab
orcl:/ORACLE/app/product/10.2.0/db_1:N
改为：
orcl:/ORACLE/app/product/10.2.0/db_1:Y
也就是将最后的N改为Y
Su – root
# cd /etc/rc.d/init.d/
# vi oradbstart
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: 345 99 10
# description: Startup Script for Oracle Databases
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/dbstart
export LANG=C
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle/
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
ORA_OWNR="oracle"
# if the executables do not exist -- display error
if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart ]
then
echo "OK!"
else
echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
exit 1
fi
# depending on parameter -- startup, shutdown, restart
# of the instance and listener or usage display
case "$1" in
start)
# Oracle listener and instance startup
echo -n "Starting Oracle: "
su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart"
su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
touch /var/lock/ORACLE
su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"
su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/isqlplusctrl start"
echo "OK"
;;
stop)
# Oracle listener and instance shutdown
echo -n "Shutdown Oracle: "
su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"
su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/isqlplusctrl stop"
su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut"
su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
rm -f /var/lock/ORACLE
echo "OK"
;;
reload|restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
*)
echo "Usage: `basename $0` start|stop|restart|reload"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
$su - root
#chown oracle.oinstall /etc/rc.d/init.d/oradbstart
#chmod 775 /etc/rc.d/init.d/oradbstart
然后执行：
chkconfig --add oradbstart
chkconfig --list oradbstart
chkconfig --list oradbstart
运行结果：
oradbstart 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
检验：
Su – oracle
$file /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99oradbstart
S99oradbstart:symbolic link to '../init.d/oradbstart
[oracle@filesvr2 init.d]$ rman target /
configure retention policy to recovery window of 14 days;
exit
