Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry. One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carried out, the other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker. In so far as any inquiry is a secret one, it natuarally limits all those engaged in carrying it out from effective contact with their fellow scientist either in other countries or in universities, or even, ofter enough, in other departments of the same firm. The degree of secrecy natuarally varies considerably. Some of the bigger firms are engaged in researches which are of such general and fundamental nature that it is a positive advange to them not to keep them secret. Yet a great many processes depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy until the stage at which patents can be taken out. Even more processes are never patented at all, but kept as secret processes. This applies particulary to chemical industries where chance discoveries play a much larger part than they do in physical and mechanical industries. Sometimes the secrecy goes to such an extent that the whole nature of the research cannot be mentioned. Many firms, for instance, have great difficulty in obtaining technical or scientific books from library because they are unwilling to have their names entered as having taken out such and such a book for fear the agents of other firms should be able to trace the kind of research they are likely to be undertaking.
such and such: 如此这般的。
in so far as: 就...的程度而言。
a great may: 许多。
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