OpenGL编程轻松入门之二次几何体

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　　这一章我们讲一下二次几何物体的绘制。二次几何物体的绘制有几种不同的方式，在本例中可以看出不同的绘制方式的不同效果，如图十五所示。　　例13：本例使用GLU库函数绘制了四个几何物体，分别为圆柱体、球体、圆盘和部分圆盘。 #include #include #include /*声明四个二次曲面物体*/GLUquadricObj *quadObj1;GLUquadricObj *quadObj2;GLUquadricObj *quadObj3;GLUquadricObj *quadObj4; static float light_ambient[] = {0.1,0.1,0.1,1.0};static float light_diffuse[] = {0.5,1.0,1.0,1.0};static float light_position[] = {90.0,90.0,150.0,0.0}; static float front_mat_shininess[] = {60.0};static float front_mat_specular[] = {0.2,0.2,0.2,1.0};static float front_mat_diffuse[] = {0.5,0.5,0.28,1.0}; static float back_mat_shininess[] = {60.0};static float back_mat_specular[] = {0.5,0.5,0.2,1.0};static float back_mat_diffuse[] = {1.0,0.9,0.2,1.0}; static float Imodel_ambient[] = {1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0};static float Imodel_twoside[] = {GL_TRUE};static float Imodel_oneside[] = {GL_FALSE}; void myInit(void){　/*设置背景色*/　glClearColor(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0);　glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);　glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);　/*设置光照*/　glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_AMBIENT,light_ambient);　glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_DIFFUSE,light_diffuse);　glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_POSITION,light_position);　/*设置材质*/　glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_DIFFUSE,front_mat_diffuse);　glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_SPECULAR,front_mat_specular);　glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_SHININESS,front_mat_shininess);　glMaterialfv(GL_BACK,GL_DIFFUSE,back_mat_diffuse);　glMaterialfv(GL_BACK,GL_SPECULAR,back_mat_specular);　glMaterialfv(GL_BACK,GL_SHININESS,back_mat_shininess);　/*设置光照模型参数*/　glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT,Imodel_ambient);　glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_TWO_SIDE,Imodel_twoside);　/*激活关照*/　glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);　glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);　glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); } void myDisplay(void){　glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);　/*创建四个二次曲面物体*/　quadObj1 = gluNewQuadric();　quadObj2 = gluNewQuadric();　quadObj3 = gluNewQuadric();　quadObj4 = gluNewQuadric();　/*绘制一个圆柱体*/　glPushMatrix();　gluQuadricDrawStyle(quadObj1,GLU_FILL);　gluQuadricNormals(quadObj1,GL_FLAT);　gluQuadricOrientation(quadObj1,GLU_INSIDE);　gluQuadricTexture(quadObj1,GL_TRUE);　glColor3f(1.0,1.0,0.0);　glRotatef(30,1.0,0.0,0.0);　glRotatef(40,0.0,1.0,0.0);　gluCylinder(quadObj1,2.0,2.0,9.0,20.0,8.0);　glPopMatrix();　/*绘制一个球体*/　glPushMatrix();　gluQuadricDrawStyle(quadObj2,GLU_SILHOUETTE);　glTranslatef(-5.0,-1.0,0.0);　gluSphere(quadObj2,3.0,20.0,20.0);　glPopMatrix();　/*绘制一个圆盘*/　glPushMatrix();　gluQuadricDrawStyle(quadObj3,GLU_LINE);　glTranslatef(-2.0,4.0,0.0);　gluDisk(quadObj3,2.0,5.0,15.0,10.0);　glPopMatrix();　/*绘制一个部分圆盘*/　glPushMatrix();　gluQuadricDrawStyle(quadObj4,GLU_POINT);　glTranslatef(-3.0,-7.0,0.0);　gluPartialDisk(quadObj4,2.0,5.0,15.0,10.0,10.0,100.0);　glPopMatrix();　/*删除四个二次曲面物体对象*/　gluDeleteQuadric(quadObj1);　gluDeleteQuadric(quadObj2);　gluDeleteQuadric(quadObj3);　gluDeleteQuadric(quadObj4);　　glFlush();} void myReshape(int w,int h){　glViewport(0,0,(GLsizei)w,(GLsizei)h);　glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);　glLoadIdentity();　gluPerspective(45.0,(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h,1.0,50.0);　glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);　glLoadIdentity();　glTranslatef(0.0,0.0,-25.0);} int main(int argc,char ** argv){　/*初始化*/　glutInit(&argc,argv);　glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB|GLUT_DEPTH);　glutInitWindowSize(400,400);　glutInitWindowPosition(100,100);　/*创建窗口*/　glutCreateWindow(" DRAW QUADRIC OBJECTS ");　/*绘制与显示*/　myInit();　glutReshapeFunc(myReshape);　glutDisplayFunc(myDisplay);　glutMainLoop();　return 0;}　　·gluNewQuadric创建一个二次对象。这个函数创建并返回一个指向新的二次对象的指针。当调用二次描述和控制函数是指向这个对象。如果返回值为0则表明没有足够的空间分配给该对象。　　·glQuadricDrawStyle函数指定二次对象的绘制方式。本例中圆柱体的绘制方式为GLU_FILL。含义为用多边形原绘制本二次对象，多边形的绘制方式为逆时针。球体的绘制方式为GL_SILHOUETTE,即除边界外用一系列线来绘制二次对象。圆盘的绘制方式为GL_LINE,即用一系列线来绘制二次对象。部分圆盘的绘制方式为GL_POINT,即用一系列点来绘制二次对象。　　·glQuadricNormals，指定二次对象使用的法向量类型。　　·glQuadricOrientation，指定二次对象的内面或外面方位。GLU_OUTSIDE为缺省值，表明使用指向内面的法相量绘出二次对象,GLU_INSIDE表明使用指向外面的法相量绘出二次对象。 图十五：二次几何体　　·glQuadricTexture指定二次对象是否使用纹理。GL_FALSE为缺省值。　　·void gluCylinder（GLUquadricObj *qobj，GLdouble baseRadius，GLdouble topRadius，GLdouble height，Glint slices，Glint stacks）绘制一个圆柱体。　　qobj指明是哪个二次对象。　　baseRadius圆柱体在z=0时的半径。　　topRadius圆柱体在z=height时的半径。　　height圆柱体的高。　　slices围绕着z轴分片的个数。　　stacks顺着z轴分片的个数。stacks和slices垂直。　　·void gluSphere（GLUquadricObj *qobj，GLdouble radius，Glint slices，Glint stacks）绘制一个球形。　　qobj指明是哪个二次对象。　　radius球体半径。 　　slices围绕着z轴分片的个数。　　stacks顺着z轴分片的个数。　　·void gluDisk（GLUquadricObj *qobj，GLdouble innerRadius，GLdouble outerRadius，Glint slices，Glint loops）绘制一个圆盘。　　qobj指明是哪个二次对象。　　innerRadius圆盘的内部半径，可能为0。　　outerRadius圆盘的外部半径。　　slices围绕着z轴分片的个数。　　loops圆盘同心圆个数。　　·void gluPartialDisk（GLUquadricObj *qobj，GLdouble innerRadius，GLdouble outerRadius，Glint slices，Glint loops，GLdouble startAngle，GLdouble sweepAngle）绘制一个圆盘的一部分。 　　startAngle起始角度，单位为度。　　sweepAngle扫描角，单位为度。 　　这一章我们讲一下二次几何物体的绘制。二次几何物体的绘制有几种不同的方式，在本例中可以看出不同的绘制方式的不同效果，如图十五所示。　　例13：本例使用GLU库函数绘制了四个几何物体，分别为圆柱体、球体、圆盘和部分圆盘。 #include #include #include /*声明四个二次曲面物体*/GLUquadricObj *quadObj1;GLUquadricObj *quadObj2;GLUquadricObj *quadObj3;GLUquadricObj *quadObj4; static float light_ambient[] = {0.1,0.1,0.1,1.0};static float light_diffuse[] = {0.5,1.0,1.0,1.0};static float light_position[] = {90.0,90.0,150.0,0.0}; static float front_mat_shininess[] = {60.0};static float front_mat_specular[] = {0.2,0.2,0.2,1.0};static float front_mat_diffuse[] = {0.5,0.5,0.28,1.0}; static float back_mat_shininess[] = {60.0};static float back_mat_specular[] = {0.5,0.5,0.2,1.0};static float back_mat_diffuse[] = {1.0,0.9,0.2,1.0}; static float Imodel_ambient[] = {1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0};static float Imodel_twoside[] = {GL_TRUE};static float Imodel_oneside[] = {GL_FALSE}; void myInit(void){　/*设置背景色*/　glClearColor(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0);　glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);　glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);　/*设置光照*/　glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_AMBIENT,light_ambient);　glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_DIFFUSE,light_diffuse);　glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_POSITION,light_position);　/*设置材质*/　glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_DIFFUSE,front_mat_diffuse);　glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_SPECULAR,front_mat_specular);　glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_SHININESS,front_mat_shininess);　glMaterialfv(GL_BACK,GL_DIFFUSE,back_mat_diffuse);　glMaterialfv(GL_BACK,GL_SPECULAR,back_mat_specular);　glMaterialfv(GL_BACK,GL_SHININESS,back_mat_shininess);　/*设置光照模型参数*/　glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT,Imodel_ambient);　glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_TWO_SIDE,Imodel_twoside);　/*激活关照*/　glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);　glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);　glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); } void myDisplay(void){　glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);　/*创建四个二次曲面物体*/　quadObj1 = gluNewQuadric();　quadObj2 = gluNewQuadric();　quadObj3 = gluNewQuadric();　quadObj4 = gluNewQuadric();　/*绘制一个圆柱体*/　glPushMatrix();　gluQuadricDrawStyle(quadObj1,GLU_FILL);　gluQuadricNormals(quadObj1,GL_FLAT);　gluQuadricOrientation(quadObj1,GLU_INSIDE);　gluQuadricTexture(quadObj1,GL_TRUE);　glColor3f(1.0,1.0,0.0);　glRotatef(30,1.0,0.0,0.0);　glRotatef(40,0.0,1.0,0.0);　gluCylinder(quadObj1,2.0,2.0,9.0,20.0,8.0);　glPopMatrix();　/*绘制一个球体*/　glPushMatrix();　gluQuadricDrawStyle(quadObj2,GLU_SILHOUETTE);　glTranslatef(-5.0,-1.0,0.0);　gluSphere(quadObj2,3.0,20.0,20.0);　glPopMatrix();　/*绘制一个圆盘*/　glPushMatrix();　gluQuadricDrawStyle(quadObj3,GLU_LINE);　glTranslatef(-2.0,4.0,0.0);　gluDisk(quadObj3,2.0,5.0,15.0,10.0);　glPopMatrix();　/*绘制一个部分圆盘*/　glPushMatrix();　gluQuadricDrawStyle(quadObj4,GLU_POINT);　glTranslatef(-3.0,-7.0,0.0);　gluPartialDisk(quadObj4,2.0,5.0,15.0,10.0,10.0,100.0);　glPopMatrix();　/*删除四个二次曲面物体对象*/　gluDeleteQuadric(quadObj1);　gluDeleteQuadric(quadObj2);　gluDeleteQuadric(quadObj3);　gluDeleteQuadric(quadObj4);　　glFlush();} void myReshape(int w,int h){　glViewport(0,0,(GLsizei)w,(GLsizei)h);　glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);　glLoadIdentity();　gluPerspective(45.0,(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h,1.0,50.0);　glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);　glLoadIdentity();　glTranslatef(0.0,0.0,-25.0);} int main(int argc,char ** argv){　/*初始化*/　glutInit(&argc,argv);　glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB|GLUT_DEPTH);　glutInitWindowSize(400,400);　glutInitWindowPosition(100,100);　/*创建窗口*/　glutCreateWindow(" DRAW QUADRIC OBJECTS ");　/*绘制与显示*/　myInit();　glutReshapeFunc(myReshape);　glutDisplayFunc(myDisplay);　glutMainLoop();　return 0;}　　·gluNewQuadric创建一个二次对象。这个函数创建并返回一个指向新的二次对象的指针。当调用二次描述和控制函数是指向这个对象。如果返回值为0则表明没有足够的空间分配给该对象。　　·glQuadricDrawStyle函数指定二次对象的绘制方式。本例中圆柱体的绘制方式为GLU_FILL。含义为用多边形原绘制本二次对象，多边形的绘制方式为逆时针。球体的绘制方式为GL_SILHOUETTE,即除边界外用一系列线来绘制二次对象。圆盘的绘制方式为GL_LINE,即用一系列线来绘制二次对象。部分圆盘的绘制方式为GL_POINT,即用一系列点来绘制二次对象。　　·glQuadricNormals，指定二次对象使用的法向量类型。　　·glQuadricOrientation，指定二次对象的内面或外面方位。GLU_OUTSIDE为缺省值，表明使用指向内面的法相量绘出二次对象,GLU_INSIDE表明使用指向外面的法相量绘出二次对象。 图十五：二次几何体　　·glQuadricTexture指定二次对象是否使用纹理。GL_FALSE为缺省值。　　·void gluCylinder（GLUquadricObj *qobj，GLdouble baseRadius，GLdouble topRadius，GLdouble height，Glint slices，Glint stacks）绘制一个圆柱体。　　qobj指明是哪个二次对象。　　baseRadius圆柱体在z=0时的半径。　　topRadius圆柱体在z=height时的半径。　　height圆柱体的高。　　slices围绕着z轴分片的个数。　　stacks顺着z轴分片的个数。stacks和slices垂直。　　·void gluSphere（GLUquadricObj *qobj，GLdouble radius，Glint slices，Glint stacks）绘制一个球形。　　qobj指明是哪个二次对象。　　radius球体半径。 　　slices围绕着z轴分片的个数。　　stacks顺着z轴分片的个数。　　·void gluDisk（GLUquadricObj *qobj，GLdouble innerRadius，GLdouble outerRadius，Glint slices，Glint loops）绘制一个圆盘。　　qobj指明是哪个二次对象。　　innerRadius圆盘的内部半径，可能为0。　　outerRadius圆盘的外部半径。　　slices围绕着z轴分片的个数。　　loops圆盘同心圆个数。　　·void gluPartialDisk（GLUquadricObj *qobj，GLdouble innerRadius，GLdouble outerRadius，Glint slices，Glint loops，GLdouble startAngle，GLdouble sweepAngle）绘制一个圆盘的一部分。 　　startAngle起始角度，单位为度。　　sweepAngle扫描角，单位为度。 下载本文示例代码


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