主库不能停的情况下mysql主从复制之多从复制
网上有很多mysql主从复制做法基本上如下:
1、数据库锁表操作,不让数据再进行写入动作。mysql> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
2、察看主数据库的状态 mysql> show master status;
3、把主服务器数据文件复制到从服务器,最好先用tar处理一下。
4、取消主数据库锁定 mysql> UNLOCK TABLES;
5、配置从库
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.0.1', master_user='rep1', master_password='mysql', master_log_file='dbmaster1-bin.000215', master_log_pos=690097205;
正确执行后再执行:
mysql> start slave;
但我这边的情况是:已经有一个主,一个从 主库不能停。我是在从库上做文章
1.登录从库 锁表然后查master pos号:
mysql> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: dbmaster1.*****.com.cn
Master_User: mmm
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: dbmaster1-bin.000215
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 690097056
Relay_Log_File: dbslave1-relay-bin.000368
Relay_Log_Pos: 690097205
Relay_Master_Log_File: dbmaster1-bin.000215
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 690097056
Relay_Log_Space: 690097410
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
注意上面的红色这个pos号就是锁表后的从库执行主库的pos号,这个号是不变的直到恢复锁表。
备份从库,因为我的从库也不能stop 所以用mysqldump导出
上面的锁表状态不能退,最好用screen 进去 执行 然后ctrl+a d 退出
[root@dbslave1 mysql]# more dump.sh
#!/bin/bash
for name in `mysql -u root -e "show databases\G"|awk '/Database/{print $2}'`
do
mysqldump -uroot --opt $name > $name.dmp
gzip $name.dmp
done
把日志文件及 master.info relay-log.info 备份一下。
恢复从库
screen -r 刚才锁表那个screen进程号
mysql> UNLOCK TABLES;
退出
开始在另外一台主机上做第二个从库同步
[root@BETA2 mysql]# more imp.sh
#!/bin/bash
for file in `ls *.dmp|sed 's/\.dmp$//'`
do
mysql -uroot $file < ${file}.dmp
done
停止mysql服务
service mysqld stop
把第一个从库的mysql日志及 master.info relay-log.info 复制过来。
然后启动mysql
在my.cnf里加上skip-slave-start 需要手工启动slave
mysql> change master to master_host=dbmaster1.*****.com.cn', master_user='mmm', master_password='mysqlha', master_log_file='dbmaster1-bin.000215', master_log_pos=690097056;
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: dbmaster1.*****.com.cn
Master_User: mmm
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: dbmaster1-bin.000216
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 356487122
Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000004
Relay_Log_Pos: 356487271
Relay_Master_Log_File: dbmaster1-bin.000216
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 356487122
Relay_Log_Space: 356487474
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
同步完成.
注意:
在从库上做同步及时FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
Master_Log_File: dbmaster1-bin.000215
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 690097056
Relay_Log_File: dbslave1-relay-bin.000368
Relay_Log_Pos: 690097205
Relay_Master_Log_File: dbmaster1-bin.000215
加蓝色的是一直会变的,一定要看 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 690097056 这个号
===============================================================================
错误信息:Last_IO_Error: error connecting to master - retry-time: 60 retries: 86400
解决办法:
slave服务器上删除数据库目录下的master.info、你的主机名-relay-bin.*,重启slave即可。
-------------------------------------------------------------------
主服务器IP: 10.1.1.3 从服务器IP: 10.1.1.4 一、部署文档 1.确保在主服务器和从服务器上安装的MySQL版本一致.
2.在主服务器上为从服务器设置一个连接账户 mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, SUPER, RELOAD ON *.* TO IDENTIF IED BY 'userpassword';
3. 执行FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK 进行锁表 mysql> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
4. 让客户程序保持运行,发出FLUSH TABLES语句让读锁定保持有效。(如果退出客户程序,锁被释放)。 然后对主服务器上的数据进行快照: 进入主服务器的数据目录,然后执行命令: shell> tar -cvf /tmp/mysql-snapshot.tar . 将快照文件复制到从服务器主机,然后解压到数据目录: shell> tar -xvf /tmp/mysql-snapshot.tar 读取主服务器上当前的二进制日志名(File)和偏移量值(Position),并记录下来: mysql > SHOW MASTER STATUS; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.003 | 73 | test | manual,mysql | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 取得快照并记录日志名和偏移量后,可以在主服务器上重新启用写活动: mysql> UNLOCK TABLES;
5. 确保主服务器主机上my.cnf文件的[mysqld]部分包括一个log_bin选项 [mysqld] Log_bin=mysql-bin server-id=1
6. 停止用于从服务器的服务器并在其my.cnf文件中添加下面的行: [mysqld] server-id=2
7. .如果对主服务器的数据进行二进制备份,启动从服务器之前将它复制到从服务器的数据目录中。 确保对这些文件和目录的权限正确。服务器 MySQL运行的用户必须能够读写文件,如同在主服务器上一样。
8. 用--skip-slave-start选项启动从服务器,以便它不立即尝试连接主服务器
9. 在从服务器上执行下面的语句, mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.1.1.3',MASTER_USER='username',MASTER_PASSWORD='userpassword', MASTER_LOG_FILE='recorded_log_file_name',MASTER_LOG_POS=recorded_log_position;
9. 启动从服务器线程: mysql> START SLAVE;
10.验证部署是否成功 mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 10.1.1.3 Master_User: rep_slave Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000058 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 27324573 Relay_Log_File: cacti-11-111-relay-bin.000008 Relay_Log_Pos: 27324718 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000058 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 27324573 Relay_Log_Space: 27325025 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 当Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running都显示Yes的时候,表示同步成功
二、切换文档: 1. 确保从服务器已经处理了中继日志中的所有语句。 在从服务器上,执行以下命令 mysql> STOP SLAVE IO_THREAD
2.然后检查SHOW PROCESSLIST语句的输出,直到你看到Has read all relay log。
3.当从服务器都执行完这些,它们可以被重新配置为一个新的设置。
4.在被提升为主服务器的从服务器上,发出STOP SLAVE和RESET MASTER和RESET SLAVE操作. 5. 然后重启mysql服务.
6.在主服务器上RESET MASTER 然后CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.1.1.4',MASTER_USER='rep_slave',MASTER_PASSWORD='userpassword'; 切换完成 |
=========================================================================
mysql主从复制
(一)安装mysql(主从服务器皆相同) 先创建用户 useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin
tar zxvf mysql-5.0.45.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.0.45
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --localstatedir=/opt/data --with-extra-charsets=utf8,gb2312,gbk --with-pthread --enable-thread-safe-client
注:配置过程指定数据文件的位置及另加的字符集.
make
make install
cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cd /usr/local/mysql
chgrp -R mysql .
生成基本的数据库和表: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
成功执行后察看数据目录/opt/data,看是否有文件或目录生成.
chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/data
记得给每个数据库设置root密码.
(二)修改配置文件
不同的地方就是server-id,主服务器配置文件不用修改,从服务器的配置文件server-id=10.其他的内容基本相同.
(三)启动服务
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql&
这个过程主辅服务器都相同.
(四)授权(在主服务器上进行)
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* to identified by 'mysql';
(五)查询主数据库状态(主服务器上进行)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 235 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
记下file及position的值,后面做从服务器操作的时候需要用.
(六)配置从服务器
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.8.101', master_user='rep1', master_password='mysql', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003', master_log_pos=235;
正确执行后再执行:
mysql> start slave;
就启用了复制功能.这里我们运行一下 mysql> show slave status\G 来检查一下,一个正常的输出结果应该如下面的形式:
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.8.101
Master_User: rep1
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 235
Relay_Log_File: -relay-bin.000009
Relay_Log_Pos: 235
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 235
Relay_Log_Space: 235
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec) |
请注意:slave_IO进程及slave_SQL进程都必须正常运行,在状态输出重表现为: Slave_IO_Running: Yes 及Slave_SQL_Running: Yes 否则都是不正确的状态(如一个值Yes,另外一个是NO则不行).
(七)主数据库有数据的情况:
1、数据库锁表操作,不让数据再进行写入动作。mysql> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
2、察看主数据库的状态 mysql> show master status; 照第(五)步记录输出值。
3、把主服务器数据文件复制到从服务器,最好先用tar处理一下。
4、取消主数据库锁定 mysql> UNLOCK TABLES;
5、从服务器的操作。跟前面的步骤一样(略过)
=============================================
在一台机器上建多个mysql 基于不同端口
MYSQL_UNIX_PORT=/var/lib/mysql_3307/mysql_3307.sock
MYSQL_TCP_PORT=3307
export MYSQL_UNIX_PORT MYSQL_TCP_PORT
初始化数据库
mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/var/lib/mysql_3307/
编辑my.cnf文件
/var/lib/mysql_3307/
[client]
#password = your_password
port = 3307
socket = /var/lib/mysql_3307/mysql_3307.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3307
socket = /var/lib/mysql_3307/mysql_3307.sock
datadir = /var/lib/mysql_3307
skip-locking
key_buffer = 512M
#max_allowed_packet = 4M
max_allowed_packet = 8M
table_cache = 1024
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer_size = 8M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 12M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size = 64M
# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency = 8
back_log = 384
skip-name-resolve
max_connections=500
wait_timeout = 10
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id = 2
replicate-ignore-db = test
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
long_query_time = 3
log-slow-queries = /var/lib/mysql_3307/slow.log
log-queries-not-using-indexes
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
启动mysql
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/var/lib/mysql_3307/my.cnf &
登录mysql
mysql -uroot --socket=/var/lib/mysql_3307/mysql_3307.sock
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