为你的程序创建一个控制台

经常看到一些程序在运行的时候有一个WINDOWS控制台，感觉非常COOL。实际上有的时候帮助你监视系统运行是很方便的，那么怎么样创建一个控制台呢？

实际上WINDOWS为你提供了一系列的API来完成这个功能，例如：ReadConsole,WriteConsole等，具体参见MSDN。

下面我们用一段代码来说明如何创建Console.

1。首先调用AllocConsole函数来为你进程创建一个Console，该API是将当前进程Attache到一个新创建的Console上。你还可以通过调用SetConsoleTitle(tstrName);来设置Console的Title.

2。使用WriteConsoleOutput来将信息输出到Console上；在输出之前，先要得到Console的HANDLE,这通过GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)来得到，然后将信息组织成Console的格式，然后输出。

3。关闭CONSOLE。当不需要这个CONSOLE的时候，调用FreeConsole来将当前进程从Console中Detach中。

4。通过创建一个进程来为监视你的CONSOLE输入和输出；你可以创建一个线程然后来，在线程中取得标准输入和输出CONSOLE的HANDLE，然后循环监视其事件，再对不同的事件进行处理。

下面是我写的一个实现以上功能的接口类：

//头文件

#pragma once

#include
#include
class CConsoleOutInfo
{
public:
 int   m_cursorX;
 int   m_cursorY;
 int   m_cursorStartLine;
 int   m_cursorVisible;
 LPBYTE  m_consoleBuffer;
};

class CConsoleMgr
{
public:
 CConsoleMgr(void);
 virtual ~CConsoleMgr(void);

 BOOL CreateConsole(TCHAR * tstrName,BOOL bFullDosMode=FALSE);
 BOOL OutputToConsole(CConsoleOutInfo &outInfo);
 BOOL CloseConsole();

 BOOL ThreadIsStart(){return m_hConsoleThread&&m_idConsoleThread;}

 virtual DWORD ProcessConsoleInput(INPUT_RECORD* pInputRec,DWORD dwInputs) =0;
protected:
 void SetConsoleBufferSize(SMALL_RECT &writeRegion,
        COORD &bufferSize,
        COORD &bufferCoord);

 void ResetThreadInfo();
private:
 HANDLE m_hConsoleThread;
 DWORD m_idConsoleThread;
};

//cpp文件

#include "StdAfx.h"
#include ".\consolemgr.h"

#define MAX_SHADOW_CONSOLE_INPUT_BUFFER  50

DWORD WINAPI ConsoleInputMonitor(LPVOID lParam);
BOOL WINAPI MyHandlerRoutine(DWORD  dwCtrlType);

CConsoleMgr::CConsoleMgr(void)
{
 ResetThreadInfo();
}

void CConsoleMgr::ResetThreadInfo()
{
 m_hConsoleThread = 0;
 m_idConsoleThread = 0;
}

CConsoleMgr::~CConsoleMgr(void)
{
 if(m_hConsoleThread&&m_idConsoleThread)
  CloseConsole();
}

BOOL CConsoleMgr::CreateConsole(TCHAR * tstrName,BOOL bFullDosMode)
{
 m_hConsoleThread = CreateThread(NULL, 0, ConsoleInputMonitor,
  this, CREATE_SUSPENDED, &m_idConsoleThread);

 if (m_hConsoleThread)
 {
  SetThreadPriority(m_hConsoleThread, THREAD_PRIORITY_ABOVE_NORMAL);

  if(AllocConsole())
  {   
   SetConsoleTitle(tstrName);
   SetConsoleCtrlHandler((PHANDLER_ROUTINE)MyHandlerRoutine,TRUE);
   if(bFullDosMode)
   {
    SetConsoleTitle("Sharing Full Screen DOS");
    keybd_event(VK_MENU, (BYTE)MapVirtualKey(VK_MENU, 0),
     0, GetMessageExtraInfo());
    // Simulate ENTER is pressed,
    keybd_event(VK_RETURN, (BYTE)MapVirtualKey(VK_RETURN, 0),
     0, GetMessageExtraInfo());
    // Simulate ENTER is released,
    keybd_event(VK_RETURN, (BYTE)MapVirtualKey(VK_RETURN, 0),
     KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, GetMessageExtraInfo());
    // Simulate ALT is released,
    keybd_event(VK_MENU, (BYTE)MapVirtualKey(VK_MENU, 0),
     KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, GetMessageExtraInfo());
   }

   SetThreadPriority(m_hConsoleThread, THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL);
   ResumeThread(m_hConsoleThread);
  }
  return TRUE;
 }
 return FALSE;
}

void CConsoleMgr::SetConsoleBufferSize( SMALL_RECT &writeRegion,
           COORD &bufferSize,
           COORD &bufferCoord)
{
 bufferSize.X  = 80;
 bufferSize.Y  = 25;
 bufferCoord.X = 0;
 bufferCoord.Y = 0;
 writeRegion.Top = 0; 
 writeRegion.Left = 0;
 writeRegion.Bottom = 24;
 writeRegion.Right = 79;
}

BOOL CConsoleMgr::OutputToConsole(CConsoleOutInfo &outInfo)
{
 HANDLE    hConsoleOutput;
 COORD    CursorPosition;
 COORD    bufferSize;
 COORD    bufferCoord;
 SMALL_RECT   writeRegion;
 CHAR_INFO   buffer[25*80];
 CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO ConsoleCursorInfo;

 CursorPosition.X = (SHORT)outInfo.m_cursorX;
 CursorPosition.Y = (SHORT)outInfo.m_cursorY;
 if( outInfo.m_cursorStartLine == 0 )
  ConsoleCursorInfo.dwSize = 14; //Default size
 else
  ConsoleCursorInfo.dwSize = (DWORD)(0x10-outInfo.m_cursorStartLine)*100/0x10;

 ConsoleCursorInfo.bVisible = (BOOL)outInfo.m_cursorVisible;

 // Convert the raw data to console screen buffer format.
 for(int i=0; i<25*80; i++)
 {
  buffer[i].Char.AsciiChar = outInfo.m_consoleBuffer[i*2];
  buffer[i].Attributes  = outInfo.m_consoleBuffer[i*2+1];
 }

 SetConsoleBufferSize(writeRegion,bufferSize,bufferCoord);

 // Write texts to screen.
 hConsoleOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
 WriteConsoleOutput(hConsoleOutput, buffer, bufferSize,
  bufferCoord, &writeRegion);

 // Set cursor information.
 SetConsoleCursorInfo(hConsoleOutput, &ConsoleCursorInfo);

 // Set cursor position.
 SetConsoleCursorPosition(hConsoleOutput, CursorPosition);
 return FALSE;
}

BOOL CConsoleMgr::CloseConsole()
{
 DWORD   dwEventNum;
 INPUT_RECORD Input_Record;

 Input_Record.EventType = MOUSE_EVENT;
 Input_Record.Event.MouseEvent.dwMousePosition.X = 0;
 Input_Record.Event.MouseEvent.dwMousePosition.Y = 0;
 Input_Record.Event.MouseEvent.dwButtonState  = 0;
 Input_Record.Event.MouseEvent.dwControlKeyState = 0;
 Input_Record.Event.MouseEvent.dwEventFlags  = MOUSE_MOVED;

 WriteConsoleInput(GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE), &Input_Record, 1, &dwEventNum);

 SetConsoleCtrlHandler((PHANDLER_ROUTINE)MyHandlerRoutine,FALSE);

 //Waiting for the thread termination.
 if( WaitForSingleObject(m_hConsoleThread, 10000) == WAIT_TIMEOUT )
 {
  TerminateThread(m_hConsoleThread, 0);
 }
 CloseHandle(m_hConsoleThread);

 FreeConsole();
 ResetThreadInfo();

 return FALSE;
}

DWORD WINAPI ConsoleInputMonitor(LPVOID lParam)
{ 
 CConsoleMgr *pConsoleMgr = (CConsoleMgr *)lParam;
 if(pConsoleMgr == NULL) return -1;

 HANDLE   hConsoleInput;
 DWORD   dwInputs;
 INPUT_RECORD Input_Record[MAX_SHADOW_CONSOLE_INPUT_BUFFER];

 hConsoleInput = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);

 FlushConsoleInputBuffer(hConsoleInput);

 while( pConsoleMgr->ThreadIsStart() )
 {
  hConsoleInput = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);

  // If there are input events in buffer, this object is signaled
  WaitForSingleObject(hConsoleInput, INFINITE);

  GetNumberOfConsoleInputEvents(hConsoleInput, &dwInputs);

  ReadConsoleInput(hConsoleInput, Input_Record,
   min(dwInputs,MAX_SHADOW_CONSOLE_INPUT_BUFFER),
   &dwInputs);

  pConsoleMgr->ProcessConsoleInput(Input_Record,0);
 }

 return 0;
}

BOOL WINAPI MyHandlerRoutine(DWORD  dwCtrlType)
{
 return TRUE;
}

如果你想为你的程序创建一个CONSOLE，那么你只要从该类继承即可，然后调用对应的方法。该类没有对输出进行格式化，所以使用起来有些不方便，过段时间处理一下。