Cisco路由器提供集成的路由与桥接(Integrated Routing and Bridging,IRB)功能。当配置了IRB后,不可路由的协议数据流可以在配置为相同网桥组的端口上实现桥接交换,同时可以路由的协议数据流则在其他的路由端口或不同的网桥组之间实现路由。
这里提到了一个概念,即网桥组(Bridge-Group)。要实现不同的端口之间的桥接交换,必须将这些端口归到同一个网桥组当中。从概念上说,配置为同一个网桥组中的所有端口属于同一个第二层的广播域,不管这个端口类型是广域网端口还是以太网端口,也不管这个端口是物理端口还是逻辑端口(如X.25的子口或以太网的VLAN子口)。Cisco路由器为每一个已配置的网桥组自动产生一个虚拟接口,称之为Beidge-Group Virtual Interface(BVI),在不同的BVI之间或BVI与其它的端口之间可以实现路由的能力。下面说明BVI的主要概念和IRB的配置任务。
SW1
switch#conf t
switch(config)#vlan 2
switch(config-vlan)#exit
switch(config)#interface fastethernet0/1
switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 1
switch(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/2
switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2
switch(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/24
switch(config-if)#encapsulation dot1q
switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
SW2
switch#configure terminal
switch(config)#vlan 2
switch(config-vlan)#exit
switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1
switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 1
switch(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/2
switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
switch(config-if)#switchport accesss vlan 2
switch(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/24
switch(config-if)#encapsulation isl
switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
R1
router#configure terminal
router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
router(config-if)#no shut
router(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/0.1
router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 1
router(config-subif)#bridge-group 1
router(config-subif)#interface fastethernet 0/0.2
router(config-subif)#encapsultion dot1q 2
router(config-subif)#bridge-group 2
router(config-subif)#exit
router(config-if)#interface fastetherent 0/1
router(config-if)#no shut
router(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/1.1
router(config-subif)#encapsulation isl 1
router(config-subif)#brdige group 1
router(config-subif)#interface fastethernet 0/1.2
router(config-subif)#encapsulation isl 2
router(config-subif)#brdige group 2
router(config-subif)#exit
router(config-if)#exit
router(config)# bridge irb
router(config)#bridge 1 protocol ieee
router(config)#bridge 2 protocol ieee
router(config)#bridge 1 route ip
router(config)#brdige 2 route ip
router(config)#int bvi 1
router(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
router(config-if)#int bvi 2
router(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
Section III. 实验-子接口桥接
实验中的IP划分:
SW1 VLAN 2 192.168.2.250 VLAN 3 192.168.2.250
SW2 VLAN 2 192.168.2.249 VLAN 3 192.168.2.249
R1 bvi 1 192.168.2.251 bvi 2 192.168.3.251
R2 bvi 1 192.168.2.248 bvi 2 192.168.3.248
HSRP 2 192.168.2.254 HSRP 3 192.168.3.254
一。实验目的
了解桥接的作用:桥接”,是指依据OSI网络模型的链路层的地址,对网络数据包进行转发的过程。当路由器配置了桥接选项后,会处理所有接口上的所有的数据帧,并实时调查每个主机的位置。若在某个接口上收入一个帧,就会在一个桥接内置入一个条目,列出发送数据的主机和接收到数据帧的接口MAC地址,这样路由表就被不断地在通信中完善起来。
参考:
二。实验内容
1。在实验中,我们使用的是二层交换机,通过路由器来实现VLAN之间的路由
在E0/0 E0/1下面划分子接口
int e0/0.1 int e0/0.2
en dot1q 2 en dot1q 3 分别封装VLAN 2 VLAN 3
2。因为在同一物理接口不能配置同一网段的IP地址,我们要通过桥接组来实现子接口之间的桥接
int e0/0.1 int e0/1.1
bridge-group 1 bridge-group 2 建立两个桥接组
3。这只是简单的两层桥接,要实现三层桥接,我们要给桥接组配置IP地址
int bvi 1 int bvi 2
ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 ip add 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
两个组分别使用VLAN2 与VLAN 3的网段,这样可以实现VLAN之间的路由
4。为了完成VLAN之间的路由,所有橙色线路的端口为trunk
switchport mode truck
switchport truck en do
5。所有PC接入端号使作protfast 端口,接到收敛速成度
spanning-stree protfast
6。为了终端PC的安全,我们可以采用热备份协议,实现网关冗余
R1: int bvi 1 int bri 2
standy 1 ip 192.168.2.254 standy 2 ip 192.168.3.254
standy 1 pree standy 2 pree 开启抢占
R2: int bvi 1
standy 1 ip 192.168.2.254 standy 2 ip 192.168.3.254
standy 1 pree standy 2 pree 开启抢占
standy 1 pri 50 让R1成为VLAN 1主网关 standy 2 pri 200 让R2成为VLAN 2的主网关
在第6中,我们分别分R1与R2成为VLAN 1与VLAN 2的主,彼此之间成为备份,使得网络更可靠
7。ISP与本地路由器之间采用路由协议,可以实现负载均衡
在实验中用到如下命令:
bridge 1 protocol ieee 封装协议
birdge 1 route ip 支持IP路由
birdge irb 将桥接接口集成路由功能
二。实验配置
这个实验中,主要是难点是子接口的路由桥接,但这个设计早以最淘汰了,我们可以在三层路由来实现上面的功能 。另一个知识点就是为这个VLAN 建立备份网关,我们可以采用HSRP VRRP GLBP协议来实现
三.配置
R1-up#sh run
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 1119 bytes
!
version 12.3
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname R1-up
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
!
no aaa new-model
ip subnet-zero
!
!
!
ip cef
bridge irb
!
!
!
interface Loopback1
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet0/0
no ip address
half-duplex
!
interface Ethernet0/0.1
encapsulation dot1Q 2
bridge-group 1
!
interface Ethernet0/0.2
encapsulation dot1Q 3
bridge-group 2
!
interface Serial0/0
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no fair-queue
!
interface Ethernet0/1
no ip address
half-duplex
!
interface Ethernet0/1.1
encapsulation dot1Q 2
bridge-group 1
!
interface Ethernet0/1.2
encapsulation dot1Q 3
bridge-group 2
!
interface BVI1
ip address 192.168.2.251 255.255.255.0
standby 1 ip 192.168.2.1
standby 1 preempt
!
interface BVI2
ip address 192.168.3.251 255.255.255.0
standby 2 ip 192.168.3.1
!
ip http server
ip classless
!
!
!
!
bridge 1 protocol ieee
bridge 1 route ip
bridge 2 protocol ieee
bridge 2 route ip
!
!
!
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
end
R2-down#sh run
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 1173 bytes
!
version 12.3
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname R2-down
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
!
no aaa new-model
ip subnet-zero
ip cef
!
!
!
ip audit po max-events 100
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
bridge irb
!
!
!
interface Ethernet0/0
no ip address
half-duplex
!
interface Ethernet0/0.1
encapsulation dot1Q 2
bridge-group 1
!
interface Ethernet0/0.2
encapsulation dot1Q 3
bridge-group 2
!
interface Serial0/0
no ip address
shutdown
no fair-queue
!
interface Ethernet0/1
no ip address
half-duplex
!
interface Ethernet0/1.1
encapsulation dot1Q 2
bridge-group 1
!
interface Ethernet0/1.2
encapsulation dot1Q 3
bridge-group 2
!
interface BVI1
ip address 192.168.2.248 255.255.255.0
standby 1 ip 192.168.2.1
standby 1 priority 50
standby 1 preempt
//桥接组1 并启用了HSRP
!
interface BVI2
ip address 192.168.3.248 255.255.255.0
standby 2 ip 192.168.3.1
standby 2 priority 200
standby 2 preempt
//桥接组2 并启用了HSRP
!
ip http server
no ip http secure-server
ip classless
!
!
!
bridge 1 protocol ieee
bridge 1 route ip
bridge 2 protocol ieee
bridge 2 route ip
!
!
!
!
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
!
!
end
Sw1-up#sh run
Building configuration...
Current configuration:
!
version 12.0
no service pad
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname Sw1-up
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
ip subnet-zero
!
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport mode trunk
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport mode trunk
!
interface FastEthernet0/3
!
interface FastEthernet0/4
!
interface FastEthernet0/5
!
interface FastEthernet0/6
!
interface FastEthernet0/7
!
interface FastEthernet0/8
!
interface FastEthernet0/9
!
interface FastEthernet0/10
switchport access vlan 2
spanning-tree portfast
!
interface FastEthernet0/11
!
interface FastEthernet0/12
!
interface VLAN1
no ip directed-broadcast
no ip route-cache
!
interface VLAN2
ip address 192.168.2.250 255.255.255.0
no ip directed-broadcast
no ip route-cache
!
interface VLAN3
ip address 192.168.3.250 255.255.255.0
no ip directed-broadcast
no ip route-cache
!
!
line con 0
transport input none
stopbits 1
line vty 0 4
login
line vty 5 15
login
!
end
Sw1-up#
Sw2-down#sh run
Building configuration...
Current configuration:
!
version 12.0
no service pad
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname Sw2-down
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
ip subnet-zero
!
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport mode trunk
spanning-tree portfast
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport mode trunk
spanning-tree portfast
!
interface FastEthernet0/3
spanning-tree portfast
!
interface FastEthernet0/4
spanning-tree portfast
!
interface FastEthernet0/5
spanning-tree portfast
!
interface FastEthernet0/6
spanning-tree portfast
!
interface FastEthernet0/7
spanning-tree portfast
!
interface FastEthernet0/8
spanning-tree portfast
!
interface FastEthernet0/9
spanning-tree portfast
!
interface FastEthernet0/10
spanning-tree portfast
!
interface FastEthernet0/11
spanning-tree portfast
!
interface FastEthernet0/12
spanning-tree portfast
!
interface VLAN1
no ip directed-broadcast
no ip route-cache
!
interface VLAN2
ip address 192.168.2.249 255.255.255.0
no ip directed-broadcast
no ip route-cache
!
interface VLAN3
ip address 192.168.3.249 255.255.255.0
no ip directed-broadcast
no ip route-cache
!
!
line con 0
transport input none
stopbits 1
line vty 0 4
login
line vty 5 15
login
!
end
Sw2-down#