IP QOS 需求
QOS主要解决的问题:带宽资源不足
服务模型:Integrated Service model
Differentiated Service Model
IP QOS 处理机制
分类classification,标记 marking,metering,policing,shaping
dropping,forwarding,queuing
CISCO IOS 可用的IP QOS 机制
原因:
带宽不足(bandwidth),JITTER 抖动(忽快忽慢),DELAY延迟,ADMISSION CONTROL,DROPs(丢包严重)
解决方法:
减少(END-to-END Delay)
Delay=P1+Q1+P2+Q2+P3+Q3+P4
P:PROPAGATION delay
Q:queuing delay
即:过程延迟加队列延迟
设备本身:排队,快速交换
包本身:压缩
QOS 体系
尽力而为
集成服务(RSVP)
区分服务(大部分)
区分服务模型:只看包本身
Precedence(路由器上使用较多)
DSCP(区分服务代码点)现在交换机上默认
具体描述:"per-hop behavior's"
FLOW与traffic
FLOW:连续的相同应用的数据;依靠元组判别(即SIP.DIP.STCP,DTCP,SUDP)
Traffic:
PHB机制:
DSCP 编码
THREE POOLS:
-“xxxxx0" Standard Action
-"xxxx11" 实验或local use
-"xxxx01" EXP/LU
default PHB:FIFO,tail drop
具体划分
:
CS(IP precedence):CLASS SELECTOR PHB
EF:EXPEDITED FROWARDING PHB
AF:ASSURED FORWARDING PHB
三类区别:
CS
6位里后三位置0
EF:唯一值
101110
AF:确保转发
四个标准类:
aaadd0
(af1,af2,af3,af4)
af1:001dd0
af2:010dd0
af3:011dd0
af4:100dd0
dd表示:drop可能性
low 01
medium 10
high 11
附图1
实际操作
#class-map
#match ip dscp {af11,af12,..,af43,cs1-cs7(ip p1-7),ef,default}
或者
#match ip precedence {0-7}
#policy-map aaa
#class aaa
QOS重点环节
图2
1:classfier 分类方法:
Committed Access Rate
Qos Policy progation via BGP(QPPB)7200以上
Route-maps
queuing mechanisms
CAR具体操作
RM具体操作
#route-map aaa
#match
QM具体操作(CQ,PQ,WQ)
PQ操作
#priority-list 1 protocol ip high list
(2) Meter
Committed Access Rate(CAR)
Generic Traffic Shaping(GTS)
CB-WFQ
CB-LLQ
CB Policing
CB shaping
IP RTP Prioritization
2 Marker:
IP precedence
DSCP
QOS group
MPLS expermental bits
Frame Relay DE bit
ATM CLP bit
IEEE 802.1Q or ISL COS
注:Marking mechanims
CAR
QPPB
PBR(Policy-bases routing)
Class-based Marking
图3
3 conditioner(shaping)
shaping 机制:
Generic Traffic Shaping(GTS)
Frame Relay Traffic Shaping(FRTS)
-CLASS-BASED shaping
Hardware shaping on ATM VC
Dropping机制:
默认尾丢弃
CAR
WRED
(4)FROWARDIG
5 Queuing
TAIL DROP
WRED
POLICY-BASED ROUTING(PBR)
入口
PBR图
QPBB
shaping和policing
配置工具
GTS
FRTS
CAR
CB-Policing
Shaping vs Policing
policing:不能超过警戒线,超过部分CUT
支持marking
很少用buffer
限速没有buffer,丢包
shaping:平稳的流量,超过部分延迟(只能用在出口)
速率限制通过buffer实现
只能用在出口
shaping机制:
GTS
FRTS
CB-shaping
Distributed TS
policing 机制:
CAR
CB-policing
分类
auto class :WFQ,WRED
manual class:CQ,PQ,CB-WFQ
MARKING标记
CAR
CB-POLICIING
CB-MARKING
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