VSFTPd架设

 

VSFTPd架设 一、概述

用vsFTPd来架设FTP服务器，vsFTPd服务器是目前最好的FTP服务器软件，优点是体积小，可定制强，效率高

1、查看是否安装了vsFTPd软件

[root@linuxsir001 root]# rpm -qa | grep vsftpd

如果没有任何显示，说明没有把vsFTPd安装上，如果出现的是下面的这样的提示，就证明已经安装上了。

[root@linuxsir001 root]# rpm -qa | grep vsftpd

vsftpd-1.1.3-8

我以Redhat 9.0，以其自带的vsFTPd包vsftpd-1.1.3-8版本来为本帖约定。

[root@linuxsir001 root]# rpm -ivh vsftpd*.rpm

2、打开vsFTPd服务器。

[root@linuxsir001 root]# ntsysv

把vsftpd服务器打开，也就是在运行 ntsysv命令后，把vsftpd服务选中。

[*] vsftpd

3、运行/etc/init.d/vsftpd start

[root@linuxsir001 root]# /etc/init.d/vsftpd start

为 vsftpd 启动 vsftpd： [ 确定 ]

[root@linuxsir001 root]#

4、 配制vsFTPd，vsFTPd的运行有两种模式

一种是standalone "initd"模式，另外一种是xinetd模式，上面我们所说的就是standalone "initd"运行模式。两种模式运行机制不是相同的，stardard initd模式，适合专业FTP，且FTP总是一直有人访问，占用资源也是比较大，如果您的FTP总是有人访问和登入。就要用这种模式。如果您的FTP访 问人数比较小，建议您用xinetd模式。xinetd模式，是当用户请求时，vsFTPd才会启动。

不同的环境，当然得用不同的启动模式。

1]、我们主要把vsFTPd的配制文件改一下就行了。配制文件在/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf，用您喜欢的编辑器打开。请参考下面的配制文件。

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf

#

# The default compiled in settings are very paranoid. This sample file

# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.

#

# Allow anonymous FTP?

anonymous_enable=YES

#

# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.

local_enable=YES

#

# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.

write_enable=YES

#

# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,

# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)

local_umask=022

#

# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only

# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will

# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.

#anon_upload_enable=YES

#

# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create

# new directories.

#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

#

# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they

# go into a certain directory.

dirmessage_enable=YES

#

# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.

xferlog_enable=YES

#

# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).

connect_from_port_20=YES

#

# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by

# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not

# recommended!

#chown_uploads=YES

#chown_username=whoever

#

# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown

# below.

#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log

#

# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format

xferlog_std_format=YES

#

# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.

#idle_session_timeout=600

#

# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.

#data_connection_timeout=120

#

# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the

# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.

#nopriv_user=ftpsecure

#

# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not

# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,

# however, may confuse older FTP clients.

#async_abor_enable=YES

#

# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore

# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII

# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.

# Beware that turning on ascii_download_enable enables malicious remote parties

# to consume your I/O resources, by issuing the command "SIZE /big/file" in

# ASCII mode.

# These ASCII options are split into upload and download because you may wish

# to enable ASCII uploads (to prevent uploaded scripts etc. from breaking),

# without the DoS risk of SIZE and ASCII downloads. ASCII mangling should be

# on the client anyway..

#ascii_upload_enable=YES

#ascii_download_enable=YES

#

# You may fully customise the login banner string:

#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.

#

# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently

# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.

#deny_email_enable=YES

# (default follows)

#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails

#

# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home

# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of

# users to NOT chroot().

#chroot_list_enable=YES

# (default follows)

#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

#

# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by

# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large

# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume

# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.

#ls_recurse_enable=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd

userlist_enable=YES

#enable for standalone mode

listen=YES

tcp_wrappers=YES

2]、更改完配制文件后，我们可以用下面的命令来重启vsFTPd服务器

[root@linuxsir001 root]# /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart

关闭 vsftpd： [ 确定 ]

为 vsftpd 启动 vsftpd： [ 确定 ]

[root@linuxsir001 root]#

3]、以匿名方式来访问测试，在text模式下：

注意：在text模式下，要用用户名ftp，密码ftp来访问，这才是在text中匿名访问FTP。看如下的操作：

[root@linuxsir001 root]# ftp 192.168.0.1

Connected to 192.168.0.1.

220 (vsFTPd 1.1.3)

530 Please login with USER and PASS.

530 Please login with USER and PASS.

KERBEROS_V4 rejected as an authentication type

Name (192.168.0.1:root): ftp 这里写上ftp

331 Please specify the password.

Password:[这里添写ftp的密码]，匿名登入密码也是ftp

230 Login successful. Have fun.

Remote system type is UNIX.

Using binary mode to transfer files.

ftp> ls

227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,0,1,137,151)

150 Here comes the directory listing.

drwxr-xr-x 6 0 0 4096 May 25 13:54 RedHat90

drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 Feb 28 19:21 pub

226 Directory send OK.

ftp>

那匿名用户所访问的是哪个目录？是/var/ftp这个目录

出现问题的解决：有时出错，是因为没有ftp和nobody用户，所以要在系统中添加这两个用户，一般的情况下，这两个用户在系统中是存在的。看下面的操作。

[root@linuxsir001 root]# adduser ftp

adduser: user ftp exists

[root@linuxsir001 root]# adduser nobody

adduser: user nobody exists

从上面的操作中可知ftp和nobody用户是存在的，所以没有必要添加ftp和nobody用户了。如果不存在，一定要添加这两个用户，否则会出现匿名用户不能访问的情况。

4]、如果要以系统中存在的普通用户登入FTP，也没有什么可以设置的，添加一个用户就行。比如我要添加beinan这个用户，就要用下面的办法

[root@linuxsir001 root]# adduser beinan

[root@linuxsir001 root]# passwd beinan

Changing password for user beinan.

New password:

BAD PASSWORD: it does not contain enough DIFFERENT characters

Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@linuxsir001 root]#

这样的话，就在/home目录中出现一个beinan的用户目录：如下：

[root@linuxsir001 root]# ls /home/

beinan

如果我们想让beinan这个用户作为虚拟用户，也就是说，beinan这个用户是不能登入系统的，只能是登入FTP。 那这样的用户应该如何添加呢？？

[root@linuxsir001 backupNow]# adduser -g ftp -s /sbin/nologin beinan

[root@linuxsir001 backupNow]# passwd beinan

Changing password for user beinan.

New password:

Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@linuxsir001 backupNow]#

注：这仅仅是vsFTPd添加虚拟用户的一个方法，还有更好的办法需要我们去学习！另外的办法也在测试之中。严格上来说，这种办法不能算虚拟用户。还有另外的一个办法，就是通过pam认证，用db_load来添加用户，目前我也弄成功了，不过相对要复杂一点。正在测试之中。

如果我们想把用户目录定位到别的目录应该怎么办呢？？这个也比较简单，看一下useradd就比较明白了。比如我想添加beinan这个用户，并把目录放在/opt目录中：如下操作：

[root@linuxsir001 root]# adduser -d /opt/beinan beinan

[root@linuxsir001 root]# passwd beinan

Changing password for user beinan.

New password:

Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

如果是添加虚拟用户，也就是不让用户登入系统，只能登入FTP的用户。如果我们想把beinan这个用户目录定位在/opt/beinan这个目录中，根据上面的方法。我们应该如下操作

[root@linuxsir001 backupNow]# adduser -d /opt/beinan -g ftp -s /sbin/nologin beinan

[root@linuxsir001 backupNow]# passwd beinan

Changing password for user beinan.

New password:

Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@linuxsir001 backupNow]#

看一下是不是