ASA防火墙配置笔记

ASA防火墙配置笔记

二〇〇六年十月二十七日

序言：

              Cisco新的防火墙ASA系列已经面市了，将逐步取代PIX防火墙，网上关于ASA配置资料很少，现把我积累的ASA配置技术编写一个文档，供大家参考。如有问题，可发邮件给我。

1.    常用技巧....................................................................................... 1

2.    故障倒换....................................................................................... 1

3.    配置telnet、ssh及http管理............................................................ 3

4.    vpn常用管理命令.......................................................................... 3

5.    配置访问权限................................................................................ 3

6.    配置sitetosite之VPN...................................................................... 4

7.    webvpn配置（ssl vpn）................................................................. 4

8.    远程拨入VPN................................................................................ 5

9.    日志服务器配置............................................................................. 6

10.    Snmp网管配置............................................................................. 7

11.    ACS配置...................................................................................... 7

12.    AAA配置..................................................................................... 7

13.    升级IOS...................................................................................... 8

14.    疑难杂症...................................................................................... 8

 

 

Sh ru ntp查看与ntp有关的

Sh ru crypto 查看与vpn有关的

Sh ru | inc crypto 只是关健字过滤而已

 

failover

failover lan unit primary

failover lan interface testint Ethernet0/3

failover link testint Ethernet0/3

failover mac address Ethernet0/1 0018.1900.5000 0018.1900.5001

failover mac address Ethernet0/0 0018.1900.4000 0018.1900.4001

failover mac address Ethernet0/2 0018.1900.6000 0018.1900.6001

failover mac address Management0/0 0018.1900.7000 0018.1900.7001

failover interface ip testint 10.3.3.1 255.255.255.0 standby 10.3.3.2

注：最好配置虚拟MAC地址

sh failover显示配置信息

write standby写入到备用的防火墙中

 

failover命令集如下：

configure mode commands/options:

  interface         Configure the IP address and mask to be used for failover

                    and/or stateful update information

  interface-policy  Set the policy for failover due to interface failures

  key               Configure the failover shared secret or key

  lan               Specify the unit as primary or secondary or configure the

                    interface and vlan to be used for failover communication

  link              Configure the interface and vlan to be used as a link for

                    stateful update information

  mac               Specify the virtual mac address for a physical interface

  polltime          Configure failover poll interval

  replication       Enable HTTP (port 80) connection replication

  timeout           Specify the failover reconnect timeout value for

                    asymmetrically routed sessions

 

sh failover 命令集如下：

 

  history     Show failover switching history

  interface   Show failover command interface information

  state       Show failover internal state information

  statistics  Show failover command interface statistics information

  |           Output modifiers

 

、ssh及http管理

username jiang password Csmep3VzvPQPCbkx encrypted privilege 15

aaa authentication enable console LOCAL

aaa authentication telnet console LOCAL

aaa authentication ssh console LOCAL

aaa authorization command LOCAL

http 192.168.40.0 255.255.255.0 management

ssh 192.168.40.0 255.255.255.0 inside

常用管理命令

sh vpn-sessiondb full l2l 显示site to site 之vpn通道情况

sh ipsec stats 显示ipsec通道情况

sh vpn-sessiondb summary 显示vpn汇总信息

sh vpn-sessiondb detail l2l 显示ipsec详细信息

sh vpn-sessiondb detail svc 查看ssl client信息

sh vpn-sessiondb detail webvpn 查看webvpn信息

 

sh vpn-sessiondb detail full l2l 相当于linux下的ipsec whack –status 如果没有建立连接，则表示ipsec通道还没有建立起来。

可以建立对象组，设定不同的权限，如：

    object-group network testgroup

           description test

           network-object 192.168.100.34 255.255.255.255

 

       access-list inside_access_in line 2 extended permit ip object-group all any

       access-group inside_access_in in interface inside

之VPN

 

crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac

crypto map outside_map 20 match address outside_cryptomap_20_1

crypto map outside_map 20 set pfs

crypto map outside_map 20 set peer 218.16.105.48

crypto map outside_map 20 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA

crypto map outside_map interface outside

 

isakmp identity address

isakmp enable outside

isakmp policy 10 authentication pre-share

isakmp policy 10 encryption 3des

isakmp policy 10 hash sha

isakmp policy 10 group 2

isakmp policy 10 lifetime 86400

 

tunnel-group 218.16.105.48 type ipsec-l2l

tunnel-group 218.16.105.48 ipsec-attributes

 pre-shared-key *

 peer-id-validate nocheck

tunnel-group-map enable rules

 

注：打打PFS并设定以IP地址作为peer名，一个接口只能有一个加密图

 

 

7.             配置（ssl vpn）

webvpn

 enable outside

 character-encoding gb2312

 csd image disk0:/securedesktop-asa-3.1.1.16.pkg

 svc image disk0:/sslclient-win-1.1.0.154.pkg 1

 svc enable

customization customization1

  title text TEST WebVPN system

  title style background-color:white;color: rgb(51,153,0);border-bottom:5px groo

ve #669999;font-size:larger;vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;font-weight:bold

 tunnel-group-list enable

 

注：也可通过ASDM图形界面进行配置

 

登录后，可访问内部资源，如下例：（客户端首先要安装Java插件jre-1_5_0-windows-i586.exe,并打开浏览器的ActiveX）

1) 输入用户名和密码

 

2) 出现工具条

 

3) 在Enter Web Address内输入192.168.40.8即可访问内部网站

 

4）在browse network输入192.168.40.8即可访问共享文件

5)点击application access，即可查看端口转发设置，如使用putty访问本机的2023端口，则即可通过ssh登录192.168.40.8

相关的ASA配置命令如下：

 

access-list inside_access_in extended permit ip object-group remotegroup any

access-list inside_access_in extended permit icmp object-group remotegroup any

access-list remotevpn_splitTunnelAcl standard permit 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0

 

access-list vpnclient_splitTunnelAcl standard permit 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0

 

 

ip local pool dialuserIP 192.168.101.1-192.168.101.254 mask 255.255.255.0

 

group-policy remotevpn attributes

 dns-server value 202.96.128.68 192.168.40.16

 default-domain value test.com.cn

username jiang password Csmep3VzvPQPCbkx encrypted privilege 15

 

crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac

crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-DES-MD5 esp-des esp-md5-hmac

crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-DES-SHA esp-des esp-sha-hmac

crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 set pfs

crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA

crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 set reverse-route

 

crypto map outside_map 65535 ipsec-isakmp dynamic outside_dyn_map

crypto map outside_map interface outside

 

tunnel-group remotevpn type ipsec-ra

tunnel-group remotevpn general-attributes

 address-pool dialuserIP

 default-group-policy remotevpn

tunnel-group remotevpn ipsec-attributes

 pre-shared-key *

 

客户端设置如下：

 

logging enable

logging timestamp

logging emblem

logging trap informational

logging asdm warnings

logging host inside 192.168.40.115 format emblem

logging permit-hostdown

 vpn-simultaneous-logins 3

 

网管配置

snmp-server host inside 192.168.40.47 community testsnmp

snmp-server location DG-GTEST

snmp-server contact jiangdaoyou:6162

snmp-server community testsnmp

snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart

 

注：指定主机后，192.168.40.47才可能进行管理

 

配置

    安装后管理： 通过ACS可以进行授权、认证等等很多功能

       因内容太多，暂省略

配置

Aaa服务器配置：

aaa-server radius_dg host dc03.xxxx.com

 key dfdfdfdf146**U

 authentication-port 1812

 accounting-port 1813

 radius-common-pw dfdfdfdf146**U

 

对于拨入vpn的配置

tunnel-group vg_testerp general-attributes

 address-pool ciscovpnuser

 authentication-server-group radius_dg

 default-group-policy vg_testerp

copy tftp://192.168.40.180/asa/asa721-k8.bin disk0:/asa721-k8.bin

boot system disk0:/asa721-k8.bin （多个Image时使用）

 

1)        在远程子网不能ping通过对方的网关，如在无锡格兰不能ping 192.168.40.251

输入命令：management-access inside （通过ASDM不能设置这一项）

 

2)        NAT有时不能快速启作用

使用命令：clear xlate即可