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分类: Python/Ruby

2021-08-25 17:26:43

"""

function:   IMAP收取邮件

detail:     支持最后一封邮件的文本打印以及所有附件的下载

author:     w.royee

date:       2021-08-21

"""

import email

import email.header

import imaplib

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

class IMAP:

    def __init__(self):

        # self.user_id = 'XXXX@qq.com'  # QQ邮箱地址

        # self.password = 'password '  # 邮箱密码(现在基本都是第三方客户端授权码)

        # self.imap_server = 'imap.qq.com'

        self.user_id = 'XXXX@163.com'  # 163邮箱地址

        self.password = 'password '

        self.imap_server = 'imap.163.com'

    def login(self):

        """

        登录邮件服务器

        :param

        :return: imap连接

        """

        try:

            serv = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL(self.imap_server, 993)  # SSL加密

            print('imap4 服务器连接成功')

        except Exception as e:

            print('imap4 服务器连接失败:', e)

            exit(1)

        try:

            serv.login(self.user_id, self.password)

            print('imap4 登录成功')

            return serv

        except Exception as e:

            print('imap4 登录失败:', e)

            exit(1)

    def loginout(self, conn):

        """

        登出邮件服务器

        :param conn: imap连接

        :return:

        """

        conn.close

        conn.logout()

    def get_content(self, conn):

        """

        获取指定邮件,解析内容

        :param conn: imap连接

        :return:

        """

        # 在连接服务器后,搜索之前,需要选择邮箱,默认select(mailbox='INBOX', readonly=False)

        conn.select()

        # 筛选符合条件的邮件,这里不知道怎么过滤复杂条件,只能过滤未读邮件或全部

        # ret, data = conn.search(None, 'UNSEEN')  # 未读邮件

        # ret, data = conn.search(None, '(FROM "qq814701082@163.com")')

        ret, data = conn.search(None, 'ALL')  # 所有邮件

        # 邮件列表

        email_list = data[0].split()

        if len(email_list) == 0:

            print('收件箱为空,已退出')

            exit(1)

        # 获取最后一封邮件的序号

        item = email_list[len(email_list) - 1]

        # 获取最后一封邮件内容

        ret, data = conn.fetch(item, '(RFC822)')

        msg = email.message_from_string(data[0][1].decode('gbk'))

        sub = msg.get('subject')

        email_from = msg.get('from')

        email_to = msg.get('to')

        sub_text = email.header.decode_header(sub)

        email_from_text = email.header.decode_header(email_from)

        email_to_text = email.header.decode_header(email_to)

        # 如果是特殊字符,元组的第二位会给出编码格式,需要转码

        if sub_text[0]:

            sub_detail = self.tuple_to_str(sub_text[0])

        email_from_detail = ''

        for i in range(len(email_from_text)):

            email_from_detail = email_from_detail + self.tuple_to_str(email_from_text[i])

        email_to_detail = ''

        for i in range(len(email_to_text)):

            email_to_detail = email_to_detail + self.tuple_to_str(email_to_text[i])

        print('主题:', sub_detail)

        print('发件人:', email_from_detail)

        print('收件人:', email_to_detail)

        # 通过walk可以遍历出所有的内容

        for part in msg.walk():

            # 这里要判断是否是multipart,如果是,数据没用丢弃

            if not part.is_multipart():

                # 字符集

                # charset = part.get_charset()

                # print('charset: ', charset)

                # 内容类型

                content_type = part.get_content_type()

                # print('content-type', content_type)

                # 如果是附件,这里就会取出附件的文件名,以下两种方式都可以获取

                # name = part.get_param("name")

                name = part.get_filename()

                if name:

                    # 附件

                    # 中文名获取到的是=?GBK?Q?=D6=D0=CE=C4=C3=FB.docx?=(中文名.docx)格式,需要将其解码为bytes格式

                    trans_name = email.header.decode_header(name)

                    if trans_name[0][1]:

                        # bytes格式转为可读格式

                        file_name = trans_name[0][0].decode(trans_name[0][1])

                    else:

                        file_name = trans_name[0][0]

                    print('开始下载附件:', file_name)

                    attach_data = part.get_payload(decode=True)  # 解码出附件数据,然后存储到文件中

                    try:

                        f = open(file_name, 'wb')  # 注意一定要用wb来打开文件,因为附件一般都是二进制文件

                    except Exception as e:

                        print(e)

                        f = open('tmp', 'wb')

                    f.write(attach_data)

                    f.close()

                    print('附件下载成功:', file_name)

                else:

                    # 文本内容

                    txt = part.get_payload(decode=True)  # 解码文本内容

                    # 分别解释text/htmltext/plain两种类型,纯文本解释起来较简单,两种类型内容一致

                    if content_type == 'text/html':

                        print('以下是邮件正文(text/html)')

                        # 这里笔者不同邮件服务器遇到了不同情况,只解释了QQ邮箱,163的可以修改代码:

                        # QQ邮箱

                        # 1、有两层

标签,格式为
文本1
文本2

                        # 2、只有一层

标签,格式为

文本1

文本2

                        # 163邮箱

                        # 只有一层

标签,格式为
文本1
文本2

                        soup = BeautifulSoup(str(txt, 'gbk'), 'lxml')

                        div_data = soup.find_all('div')

                        if len(div_data) > 1:

                            for each in div_data[1:]:

                                print(each.text)

                        else:

                            for each in soup.find_all('p'):

                                print(each.text)

                    elif content_type == 'text/plain':

                        print('以下是邮件正文(text/plain)')

                        # 纯文本格式为bytes,不同邮件服务器较统一

                        print(str(txt, 'gbk'))

    def front(self, conn):

        """

        使用163邮箱,必须在select之前上传客户端身份信息,否则报错:command SEARCH illegal in state AUTH, only allowed in states SELECTED

        :param conn: imap连接

        :return:

        """

        imaplib.Commands['ID'] = 'AUTH'

        # 如果使用163邮箱,需要上传客户端身份信息

        args = ("name", "XXXX", "contact", "XXXX@163.com", "version", "1.0.0", "vendor", "myclient")

        typ, dat = conn._simple_command('ID', '("' + '" "'.join(args) + '")')

        # print(conn._untagged_response(typ, dat, 'ID'))

    def tuple_to_str(self, tuple_):

        """

        元组转为字符串输出

        :param tuple_: 转换前的元组,QQ邮箱格式为(b'\xcd\xf5\xd4\xc6', 'gbk')或者(b' ', None)163邮箱格式为('', None)

        :return: 转换后的字符串

        """

        if tuple_[1]:

            out_str = tuple_[0].decode(tuple_[1])

        else:

            if isinstance(tuple_[0], bytes):

                out_str = tuple_[0].decode('gbk')

            else:

                out_str = tuple_[0]

        return out_str

if __name__ == '__main__':

    IMAP = IMAP()

    conn = IMAP.login()

    IMAP.front(conn)

    IMAP.get_content(conn)

    IMAP.loginout(conn)

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