解决"error while loading shared libraries: libclntsh

在一台装有oracle9i，执行sqlplus时出现了问题，错误提示信息如下：

[oracle@data bin]$ ./sqlplus /nolog

error while loading shared libraries: libclntsh.so.9.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory


具体情况如下：

[oracle@data oracle]$ more .bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

. ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
unset USERNAME

ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_BASE
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin
export PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH NLS_LANG
admin=$ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/udump
export admin

使用ldd 命令查看sqlplus的依赖的共享库信息：

[oracle@filesvr1 oracle]$ ldd product/9.2.0/bin/sqlplus
libclntsh.so.9.0 => not found
libwtc9.so => not found
libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0xb75d9000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/tls/libm.so.6 (0xb75b7000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/tls/libpthread.so.0 (0xb75a6000)
libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0xb7591000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0xb7459000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb75eb000)

到oracle的home目录里查找，确实提示找不到libclntsh.so.9.0相关文件，从别的同版本的机器上拷贝一同名文件过来，重新执行sqlplus,显示如下，正常！
[oracle@backup oracle]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Jan 5 10:29:41 2009

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

SQL>

如果oracle环境变量设置不正确的话，也可能出现上述情况，比如说oracle的bash_profile中设置的ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0，而实际oracle安装在/home/oracle下，同样会找不到文件报错。如果是这样的话，只需要重新设置oracle的环境变量值即可解决问题。