安装环境硬件: PC i386/Celeron 1.7 + 512M RAM + 40G HDD
系统: Debian 4.0 r3 (2.6.18-6-686) Minimal Install
软件列表
freetype-2.3.5.tar.gz
gd-2.0.35.tar.gz
jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
libiconv-1.11.tar.gz
libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
libpng-1.2.20.tar.gz
libtool-2.2.tar.gz
libxml2-2.6.30.tar.gz
mcrypt-2.6.6.tar.gz
memcache-2.2.1.tgz
mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz
mysql-5.0.45.tar.gz
nginx-0.6.31.tar.gz
pcre-7.2.tar.gz
php-5.2.6.tar.gz
zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz
安装前的准备工作安装必要工具
apt-get install gcc
libc6-dev
autoconf build-essential libncurses5-dev ntpdate
设置时间
tzselect
按照提示进行选择时区，然后
cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/ShangHai /etc/localtime
ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org
mkdir -p /data/software/pkg
cd /data/software
安装PHP 5.2.6（FastCGI模式）
编译安装PHP 5.2.6所需的支持库
cd pkg
tar zxvf ../libiconv-1.11.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.11/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install
cd ../
tar zxvf ../freetype-2.3.5.tar.gz
cd freetype-2.3.5/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
tar zxvf ../zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.3/
CFLAGS="-O3 -fPIC" ./configure
make && make install
cd ../
tar zxvf ../libpng-1.2.20.tar.gz
cd libpng-1.2.20/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
tar zxvf ../jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
cd jpeg-6b/
./configure --enable-static --enable-shared
make && make install
cd ../
tar zxvf ../libxml2-2.6.30.tar.gz
cd libxml2-2.6.30/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
tar zxvf ../libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make && make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make && make install
cd ../../
tar ../zxvf mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
cp /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.* /usr/lib
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
tar zxvf ../mcrypt-2.6.6.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.6/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
编译安装MySQL 5.0.45
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf ../mysql-5.0.45.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.0.45
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql/ --without-debug --with-unix-socket-path=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=gbk,gb2312,utf8 --with-pthread --enable-thread-safe-client
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
cd ../
附：以下为附加步骤，如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下两步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。
以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表：
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --user=mysql --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid --skip-locking --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
启动MySQL（最后的&表示在后台运行）
/bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf &
编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf ../php-5.2.6.tar.gz
cd php-5.2.5/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir --enable-xml --disable-debug --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt
sed -i 's#-lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lcrypt#& -liconv#' Makefile
make
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
编译安装PHP5扩展模块
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.1.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.1/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
cd php-5.2.6/ext/gd/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-ttf --with-freetype-dir --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../../../
修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "gd.so"
自动修改：若嫌手工修改麻烦，可执行以下shell命令，自动完成对php.ini文件的修改：
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "gd.so"\n#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
创建www用户和组，以及其使用的目录：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /data/website
chmod +w /data/website
chown -R www:www /data/website
安装lighttpd中附带的spawn-fcgi，用来启动php-cgi
注：压缩包中的spawn-fcgi程序为已经编译成二进制的版本。
cp spawn-fcgi /usr/local/php/bin
chmod +x /usr/local/php/bin/spawn-fcgi
启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的10080端口，进程数为64（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启25个进程），用户为www：
/usr/local/php/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 10080 -C 64 -u www -f /usr/local/php/bin/php-cgi
安装Nginx 0.6.31
安装Nginx所需的pcre库：
tar zxvf pcre-7.2.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.2/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
安装Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.6.31.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.6.31/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module
make && make install
cd ../
创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /data/logs
chmod +w /data/logs
chown -R www:www /data/logs
创建Nginx配置文件
在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：
mv /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.default
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
输入以下内容：
user www www;
worker_processes 10;
error_log /data/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 51200;
}
http
{
include conf/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset gb2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
#sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/html application/xml;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name domain.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/website;
if (-d $request_filename)
{
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ permanent;
}
location ~ .*\.php?$
{
include conf/fcgi.conf;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:10080;
fastcgi_index index.php;
}
log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /data/logs/access.log access;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name 1.domain.com;
location / {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
}
}
在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
输入以下内容：
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
#fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
启动Nginx
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下内容：
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/php/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 10080 -C 64 -u www -f /usr/local/php/bin/php-cgi
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容：
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：
6302
这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：
kill -HUP 6302
如需停止nginx:
kill -15 6302
参考文档Nginx 0.5.33 + PHP 5.2.5（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache 10倍的Web服务器（第2版）
