一些 oracle 实用例子

一、进入oracle下
# su - oracle
as4101> lsnrctl start
as4101> svrmgrl
svrmgrl> connect internal;
svrmgrl> shutdown immediate;
svrmgrl> startup
二、查看有哪些表空间
svrmgrl> SELECT * FROM DBA_TABLESPACES;
         SYSTEM   RBS     TEMP     TOOLS    USERS
三、将USERS表空间DROP
svrmgrl> ALTER TABLESPACE USERS OFFLINE;
svrmgrl> DROP TABLESPACE USERS;
四、查看表空间的空余大小
svrmgrl> SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,SUM(BYTES)/1024/1024 MB
           FROM DBA_FREE_SPACE GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME;

TABLESPACE_NAME                       MB
------------------------------ ---------
DD_DATA                        1136.3672
DD_IDX                         787.18164
JX_DATA                        827.94531
JX_IDX                         503.16016
RBS                             371.9668
SYSTEM                         457.81445
TEMP                           1499.9961
TOOLS                          36.462891

五、查看数据文件放置的路径
svrmgrl> SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,BYTES/1024/1024 MB,FILE_NAME
         FROM DBA_DATA_FILES;
TABLESPACE_NAME                       MB FILE_NAME
------------------------------ --------- ---------------
SYSTEM                               500 /dev/rdrd/drd4
RBS                                  500 /dev/rdrd/drd14
RBS                                 1000 /dev/rdrd/drd15
RBS                                  500 /dev/rdrd/drd32
TOOLS                                 50 /dev/rdrd/drd5
TEMP                                1000 /dev/rdrd/drd22
TEMP                                 500 /dev/rdrd/drd23
JX_DATA                              500 /dev/rdrd/drd33

六、对应SYSTEM表空间有一个回退段，为SYSTEM，另有一些回退段是属于RBS的，
    先将RBS下的回退段都OFFLINE，并DROP，然后将RBS表空间DROP并重新创建，
    最后，创建回退段。回退段4个，每个大小为RBS/4，这个值可以当作OPTIMAL值，
    即等于INITIAL+NEXT*MAXEXTENTS

svrmgrl> ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT R01 OFFLINE;
svrmgrl> DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT R01;
svrmgrl> alter tablespace rbs offline;
svrmgrl> drop tablespace rbs;
svrmgrl> Create TABLESPACE "RBS" DATAFILE
         '/dev/rdrd/rbs01.ora' SIZE 500M,
         '/dev/rdrd/rbs02.ora' SIZE 500M;
svrmgrl> CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT "R01" TABLESPACE "RBS"
         STORAGE ( INITIAL 200M NEXT 2M OPTIMAL 250M
                   MINEXTENTS 2 MAXEXTENTS 25);

七、查看回退段及表空间的状态,若为ONLINE，即结束，为OFFLINE，要ONLINE
svrmgrl> select SEGMENT_NAME,TABLESPACE_NAME,status from DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS;
svrmgrl> ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT R01 ONLINE;

八、临时表空间TEMP，先DROP，再重建。
svrmgrl> alter tablespace temp offline;
svrmgrl> drop tablespace temp;
svrmgrl> CREATE TABLESPACE temp DATAFILE
         '/dev/rdrd/drd22' SIZE 1000M storage (initial 300m next 20m
         minextens 2 maxextents 35 pctincrease 0);

九、工具表空间TOOLS大小为50M足够用，系统表空间SYSTEM为100M足够用。

十、创建数据表空间：
    DD_DATA、DD_IDX、JX_DATA、JX_IDX、SF_DATA、SF_IDX、JF_DATA、JF_IDX

svrmgrl> CREATE TABLESPACE dd_data DATAFILE
         '/dev/rdrd/drd9' SIZE 1000M,
         '/dev/rdrd/drd10' SIZE 1000M,
         '/dev/rdrd/drd26' SIZE 1000M,
         '/dev/rdrd/drd35' SIZE 1000M,
         '/dev/rdrd/drd42' SIZE 500M;

十一、创建用户
svrmgrl> CREATE USER ddbh IDENTIFIED BY ddbh
         DEFAULT TABLESPACE dd_data
         TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp
         QUOTA UNLIMITED ON dd_data
         QUOTA UNLIMITED ON dd_idx
         QUOTA UNLIMITED ON rbs
         QUOTA UNLIMITED ON temp;

十二、用户权限
svrmgrl> grant connect,resources,imp_full_database,exp_full_database,
         create public synonym,drop public synonym to ddbh;

     若要查看V$SESSION，KILL SESSION, DROP USER,CREATE USER等,则

svrmgrl> grant select on v_$session to public;
svrmgrl> grant alter system,drop user,create user to "*******";