2014年（8）
分类： Oracle
2014-06-06 16:19:12
全库备份（非增量） ：
注：飞增量备份指的是一次成型，不能再追加变化部分的备份。
RMAN> backup database;
Starting backup at 02-AUG-13
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8xm4839m_.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8xm483f7_.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_example_8xm4gzck_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_8xm483gd_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8xm483jk_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/05og8fns_1_1 tag=TAG20130802T015052 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:26
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/06og8fsf_1_1 tag=TAG20130802T015052 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
Finished backup at 02-AUG-13
查看备份集：
RMAN> list backupset;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:03 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T014453
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/02og8fcm_1_1
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 02-AUG-13
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181185 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
2 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:01 02-AUG-13 ---------------备份为全库备份，增量备份的话，Key的值为 "Incr" ，“Incr”的级别一般显示为"O"或"1"
BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T014548
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/04og8fed_1_1
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 02-AUG-13
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181217 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
3 Full 1.01G DISK 00:02:24 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 3 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T015052
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/05og8fns_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 3
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 1181392 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8xm4839m_.dbf
2 Full 1181392 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8xm483f7_.dbf
3 Full 1181392 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_8xm483gd_.dbf
4 Full 1181392 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8xm483jk_.dbf
5 Full 1181392 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_example_8xm4gzck_.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
4 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:04 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 4 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T015052
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/06og8fsf_1_1
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 02-AUG-13
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL
Control File Included: Ckp SCN:
1181392 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13
-----------------------------------多读一下反馈信息，可能字数不多的几句话会包含重要信息。控制文件默认应该是不备份的，具体情况要看软件版本和用户设置，如果想确定配置是否为自动备份控制文件，执行 show all ，看看"CONFIGURE
CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP"的值为"on"还是"off"即可，On为自动备份，Off为不备份。
讲到这里，不得不说一下控制文件的备份。
备份数据库的时候一起备份控制文件：
控制文件非常重要，在非catalog备份的情况下，备份信息会保存在控制文件中，所以控制文件的备份很有必要，否则恢复起来有一定难度，不过即使控制文件丢失，网上也可以搜索到很多恢复方法。
控制文件的备份方式大概有两种：（当然你也可以单独一条命令备份控制文件，不过建议还是跟数据文件和归档文件一同备份）
1.备份时指定 inclue current
controlfile;
2.设置autobackup contolfile。
RMAN> backup database include current controlfile;
Starting backup at 02-AUG-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8xm4839m_.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8xm483f7_.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_example_8xm4gzck_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_8xm483gd_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8xm483jk_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0dog8hju_1_1 tag=TAG20130802T022254 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:16
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0eog8hma_1_1 tag=TAG20130802T022254 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 02-AUG-13
注：查看已备份的控制文件以及查看已备份的数据文件、备份集等等，请参照：RMAN备份、恢复实验室 之 备份篇 【查看备份情况】
备份归档日志：
备份归档日志的方法一般有两种：
1.直接备份
RMAN> backup archivelog all;
Starting backup at 02-AUG-13
current log archived
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=9 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=12 RECID=1 STAMP=822365504
input archived log thread=1 sequence=13 RECID=2 STAMP=822365512
input archived log thread=1 sequence=14 RECID=3 STAMP=822365514
input archived log thread=1 sequence=15 RECID=4 STAMP=822365514
input archived log thread=1 sequence=16 RECID=6 STAMP=822365518
input archived log thread=1 sequence=17 RECID=5 STAMP=822365518
input archived log thread=1 sequence=18 RECID=7 STAMP=822365518
input archived log thread=1 sequence=19 RECID=8 STAMP=822365518
input archived log thread=1 sequence=20 RECID=9 STAMP=822365521
input archived log thread=1 sequence=21 RECID=10 STAMP=822365533
input archived log thread=1 sequence=22 RECID=11 STAMP=822365547
input archived log thread=1 sequence=23 RECID=12 STAMP=822365601
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0hog8jd2_1_1 tag=TAG20130802T025322 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 02-AUG-13
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-AUG-13 -------------------这里的autobackup controlfile仍然生效。
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/c-1347976258-20130802-01 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-AUG-13
备份SPFILE（PFILE）：
注：实际上备份哪个都可以，事后用create from互相转换即可。一般也会随着其他文件自动备份。
RMAN> backup spfile;
Starting backup at 02-AUG-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0mog8kbd_1_1 tag=TAG20130802T030933 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 02-AUG-13
备份集的备份：
RMAN> backup backupset all;
Starting backup at 02-AUG-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: input backup set: count=2, stamp=822361494, piece=1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/02og8fcm_1_1
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/02og8fcm_1_2 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
channel ORA_DISK_1: input backup set: count=4, stamp=822361549, piece=1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/04og8fed_1_1
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/04og8fed_1_2 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: input backup set: count=5, stamp=822361852, piece=1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/05og8fns_1_1
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/05og8fns_1_2 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece complete, elapsed time: 00:01:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: input backup set: count=6, stamp=822361999, piece=1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/06og8fsf_1_1
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/06og8fsf_1_2 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: input backup set: count=9, stamp=822363197, piece=1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/09og8h1t_1_1
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/09og8h1t_1_2 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: input backup set: count=11, stamp=822363569, piece=1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0bog8hdh_1_1
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0bog8hdh_1_2 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: input backup set: count=12, stamp=822363747, piece=1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0cog8hj3_1_1
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0cog8hj3_1_2 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: input backup set: count=13, stamp=822363774, piece=1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0dog8hju_1_1
----注意命名变化和命名规则。后者是备份集的备份。
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0dog8hju_1_2 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece complete, elapsed time: 00:01:16
channel ORA_DISK_1: input backup set: count=14, stamp=822363850, piece=1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0eog8hma_1_1
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0eog8hma_1_2 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: input backup set: count=16, stamp=822365009, piece=1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
skipping backup piece handle /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/c-1347976258-20130802-00; already exists
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: input backup set: count=17, stamp=822365602, piece=1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0hog8jd2_1_1
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0hog8jd2_1_2 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: input backup set: count=18, stamp=822365603, piece=1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
skipping backup piece handle /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/c-1347976258-20130802-01; already exists
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel ORA_DISK_1: input backup set: count=19, stamp=822366550, piece=1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0jog8kam_1_1
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0jog8kam_1_2 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: input backup set: count=20, stamp=822366551, piece=1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0kog8kan_1_1
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0kog8kan_1_2 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: input backup set: count=21, stamp=822366553, piece=1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0log8kap_1_1
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0log8kap_1_2 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: input backup set: count=22, stamp=822366573, piece=1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0mog8kbd_1_1
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0mog8kbd_1_2 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 02-AUG-13
DELETE INPUT参数的使用：
可以用于在备份完归档日志后，删除已备份的归档日志。
[oracle@dbserver oracle]$ cd app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/
[oracle@dbserver db_1]$ cd dbs/
[oracle@dbserver dbs]$ ls ---------------查看归档日志所在目录
0dog8hju_1_1 0kog8kan_1_2 arch1_14_820195525.dbf arch1_21_820195525.dbf init.ora
0dog8hju_1_2 0log8kap_1_1 arch1_15_820195525.dbf arch1_22_820195525.dbf lkORCL
0hog8jd2_1_1 0log8kap_1_2 arch1_16_820195525.dbf arch1_23_820195525.dbf orapworcl
0hog8jd2_1_2 0mog8kbd_1_1 arch1_17_820195525.dbf arch1_24_820195525.dbf snapcf_orcl.f
0jog8kam_1_1 0mog8kbd_1_2 arch1_18_820195525.dbf arch1_25_820195525.dbf spfileorcl.ora
0jog8kam_1_2 arch1_12_820195525.dbf arch1_19_820195525.dbf hc_DBUA0.dat
0kog8kan_1_1 arch1_13_820195525.dbf arch1_20_820195525.dbf hc_orcl.dat
[oracle@dbserver dbs]$ ls |wc –l ----------统计该目录下有几个文件，如果参数生效，文件数会降低。
33 ----------在执行添加“DELETE INPUT”命令之前的归档路径下的文件数。该目录下还包含其他文件，我们根据执行命令后文件的变化量和文件名判断是否能真 正删除archivelog。
[oracle@dbserver dbs]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Aug 2 03:20:40 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1347976258)
RMAN> backup archivelog all delete input; ------------delete input参数的使用
Starting backup at 02-AUG-13
current log archived
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=136 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=12 RECID=1 STAMP=822365504
input archived log thread=1 sequence=13 RECID=2 STAMP=822365512
input archived log thread=1 sequence=14 RECID=3 STAMP=822365514
input archived log thread=1 sequence=15 RECID=4 STAMP=822365514
input archived log thread=1 sequence=16 RECID=6 STAMP=822365518
input archived log thread=1 sequence=17 RECID=5 STAMP=822365518
input archived log thread=1 sequence=18 RECID=7 STAMP=822365518
input archived log thread=1 sequence=19 RECID=8 STAMP=822365518
input archived log thread=1 sequence=20 RECID=9 STAMP=822365521
input archived log thread=1 sequence=21 RECID=10 STAMP=822365533
input archived log thread=1 sequence=22 RECID=11 STAMP=822365547
input archived log thread=1 sequence=23 RECID=12 STAMP=822365601
input archived log thread=1 sequence=24 RECID=13 STAMP=822366550
input archived log thread=1 sequence=25 RECID=14 STAMP=822366553
input archived log thread=1 sequence=26 RECID=15 STAMP=822367251
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0nog8l0k_1_1 tag=TAG20130802T032052 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s) ---------------删除archive logs
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_12_820195525.dbf RECID=1 STAMP=822365504
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_13_820195525.dbf RECID=2 STAMP=822365512
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_14_820195525.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=822365514
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_15_820195525.dbf RECID=4 STAMP=822365514
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_16_820195525.dbf RECID=6 STAMP=822365518
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_17_820195525.dbf RECID=5 STAMP=822365518
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_18_820195525.dbf RECID=7 STAMP=822365518
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_19_820195525.dbf RECID=8 STAMP=822365518
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_20_820195525.dbf RECID=9 STAMP=822365521
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_21_820195525.dbf RECID=10 STAMP=822365533
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_22_820195525.dbf RECID=11 STAMP=822365547
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_23_820195525.dbf RECID=12 STAMP=822365601
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_24_820195525.dbf RECID=13 STAMP=822366550
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_25_820195525.dbf RECID=14 STAMP=822366553
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_26_820195525.dbf RECID=15 STAMP=822367251
Finished backup at 02-AUG-13
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
再去刚才的目录下看看归档日志的数量：
[oracle@dbserver dbs]$ cd /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/
[oracle@dbserver dbs]$ ls ---------会发现归档日志全被删除
0dog8hju_1_1 0hog8jd2_1_2 0kog8kan_1_1 0log8kap_1_2 0nog8l0k_1_1 init.ora snapcf_orcl.f
0dog8hju_1_2 0jog8kam_1_1 0kog8kan_1_2 0mog8kbd_1_1 hc_DBUA0.dat lkORCL spfileorcl.ora
0hog8jd2_1_1 0jog8kam_1_2 0log8kap_1_1 0mog8kbd_1_2 hc_orcl.dat orapworcl
[oracle@dbserver dbs]$ ls |wc -l
20 --------------------刚才的文件数是33。所以命令执行没有问题。
增量备份：
增量备份比之前所讲到的备份的好处在于，可以只备份数据增量（即数据变化、更改的部分）。世间事物都有两面性，虽然增量备份在备份的时候可以节省很多重复的工作和不必要的空间浪费，但是在恢复阶段，增量备份的速度可能会略微有些慢，具体程度要看机器配置、网络速度和增量备份集的大小等因素。
增量备份一定要有一个最初的全备作为基础，在此基础上做增量备份。当然也可以在 全备+增量备份 的基础上做更进一步的增量。晕了没？
实际上以上两种增量是两种不同的增量模式。
增量备份分为两种：差异增量备份和累积增量备份。缺省的增量备份是差异增量备份。
不管哪种增量备份，都是先从0级（全备）开始备份，然后是1、2、3....
下面用图例说明两种备份的不同：
差异增量备份：
累积增量备份：
差异增量操作命令：
RMAN> backup incremental level=0 database;
Starting backup at 02-AUG-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set -------------提示信息很明确
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8xm4839m_.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8xm483f7_.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_example_8xm4gzck_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_8xm483gd_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8xm483jk_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0oog8lg6_1_1 tag=TAG20130802T032909 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0pog8lir_1_1 tag=TAG20130802T032909 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 02-AUG-13
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
22 Incr 0 1.01G DISK 00:01:23 02-AUG-13 ---------------------------0级增量备份
BP Key: 36 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T032909
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0oog8lg6_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 22
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 0 Incr 1183550 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8xm4839m_.dbf
2 0 Incr 1183550 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8xm483f7_.dbf
3 0 Incr 1183550 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_8xm483gd_.dbf
4 0 Incr 1183550 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8xm483jk_.dbf
5 0 Incr1183550 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_example_8xm4gzck_.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
23 Incr 0 9.36M DISK 00:00:03 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 37 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T032909
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0pog8lir_1_1
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 02-AUG-13
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1183581 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13
RMAN>
1级增量备份：
对数据库全库进行1级增量备份：
RMAN> backup incremental level=1 database;
Starting backup at 02-AUG-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8xm4839m_.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8xm483f7_.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_example_8xm4gzck_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_8xm483gd_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8xm483jk_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0qog8lm8_1_1 tag=TAG20130802T033224 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0rog8lnv_1_1 tag=TAG20130802T033224 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 02-AUG-13
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
24 Incr 1 232.00K DISK 00:00:54 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 38 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T033224
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0qog8lm8_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 24
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 1 Incr 1183643 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8xm4839m_.dbf
2 1 Incr 1183643 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8xm483f7_.dbf
3 1 Incr 1183643 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_8xm483gd_.dbf
4 1 Incr 1183643 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8xm483jk_.dbf
5 1 Incr 1183643 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_example_8xm4gzck_.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
25 Incr 1 9.36M DISK 00:00:03 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 39 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T033224
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0rog8lnv_1_1
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 02-AUG-13
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1183661 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
24 Incr 1 232.00K DISK 00:00:54 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 38 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T033224
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0qog8lm8_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 24
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 1 Incr 1183643 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8xm4839m_.dbf
2 1 Incr 1183643 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8xm483f7_.dbf
3 1 Incr 1183643 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_8xm483gd_.dbf
4 1 Incr 1183643 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8xm483jk_.dbf
5 1 Incr 1183643 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_example_8xm4gzck_.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
25 Incr 1 9.36M DISK 00:00:03 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 39 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T033224
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0rog8lnv_1_1
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 02-AUG-13
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1183661 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13
数据文件的1级增量备份：
RMAN> backup incremental level=1 datafile 2;
Starting backup at 02-AUG-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8xm483f7_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0sog8m0n_1_1 tag=TAG20130802T033759 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 02-AUG-13
表空间的1级增量备份：
RMAN> backup incremental level=1 tablespace example;
Starting backup at 02-AUG-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_example_8xm4gzck_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0tog8m1a_1_1 tag=TAG20130802T033818 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 02-AUG-13
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
24 Incr 1 232.00K DISK 00:00:54 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 38 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T033224
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0qog8lm8_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 24
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 1 Incr 1183643 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8xm4839m_.dbf
2 1 Incr 1183643 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8xm483f7_.dbf
3 1 Incr 1183643 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_8xm483gd_.dbf
4 1 Incr 1183643 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8xm483jk_.dbf
5 1 Incr 1183643 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_example_8xm4gzck_.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
25 Incr 1 9.36M DISK 00:00:03 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 39 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T033224
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0rog8lnv_1_1
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 02-AUG-13
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1183661 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
26 Incr 1 32.00K DISK 00:00:02 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 40 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T033759
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0sog8m0n_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 26
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
2 1 Incr 1183789 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8xm483f7_.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
27 Incr 1 32.00K DISK 00:00:02 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 41 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T033818
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0tog8m1a_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 27
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
5 1 Incr 1183805 02-AUG-13
/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_example_8xm4gzck_.dbf
累积的1级增量数据文件备份：
RMAN> backup incremental level=1 cumulative datafile 2;
Starting backup at 02-AUG-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8xm483f7_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0uog8pvi_1_1 tag=TAG20130802T044538 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 02-AUG-13
累积的1级增量表空间备份：
RMAN> backup incremental level=1 cumulative tablespace example;
Starting backup at 02-AUG-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_example_8xm4gzck_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0vog8q07_1_1 tag=TAG20130802T044559 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 02-AUG-13
RMAN> delete backup;
using channel ORA_DISK_1
List of Backup Pieces
BP Key BS Key Pc# Cp# Status Device Type Piece Name
------- ------- --- --- ----------- ----------- ----------
11 11 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0dog8hju_1_1
28 11 1 2 AVAILABLE DISK /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0dog8hju_1_2
15 15 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0hog8jd2_1_1
30 15 1 2 AVAILABLE DISK /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0hog8jd2_1_2
17 17 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0jog8kam_1_1
31 17 1 2 AVAILABLE DISK /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0jog8kam_1_2
18 18 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0kog8kan_1_1
32 18 1 2 AVAILABLE DISK /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0kog8kan_1_2
19 19 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0log8kap_1_1
33 19 1 2 AVAILABLE DISK /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0log8kap_1_2
20 20 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0mog8kbd_1_1
34 20 1 2 AVAILABLE DISK /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0mog8kbd_1_2
35 21 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0nog8l0k_1_1
36 22 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0oog8lg6_1_1
37 23 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0pog8lir_1_1
38 24 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0qog8lm8_1_1
39 25 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0rog8lnv_1_1
40 26 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0sog8m0n_1_1
41 27 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0tog8m1a_1_1
42 28 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0uog8pvi_1_1
43 29 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0vog8q07_1_1
44 30 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/10og8rop_1_1
Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0dog8hju_1_1 RECID=11 STAMP=822363774
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0dog8hju_1_2 RECID=28 STAMP=822366670
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0hog8jd2_1_1 RECID=15 STAMP=822365602
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0hog8jd2_1_2 RECID=30 STAMP=822366748
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0jog8kam_1_1 RECID=17 STAMP=822366550
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0jog8kam_1_2 RECID=31 STAMP=822366749
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0kog8kan_1_1 RECID=18 STAMP=822366552
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0kog8kan_1_2 RECID=32 STAMP=822366750
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0log8kap_1_1 RECID=19 STAMP=822366553
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0log8kap_1_2 RECID=33 STAMP=822366751
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0mog8kbd_1_1 RECID=20 STAMP=822366573
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0mog8kbd_1_2 RECID=34 STAMP=822366752
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0nog8l0k_1_1 RECID=35 STAMP=822367252
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0oog8lg6_1_1 RECID=36 STAMP=822367750
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0pog8lir_1_1 RECID=37 STAMP=822367838
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0qog8lm8_1_1 RECID=38 STAMP=822367944
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0rog8lnv_1_1 RECID=39 STAMP=822368002
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0sog8m0n_1_1 RECID=40 STAMP=822368279
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0tog8m1a_1_1 RECID=41 STAMP=822368298
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0uog8pvi_1_1 RECID=42 STAMP=822372338
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0vog8q07_1_1 RECID=43 STAMP=822372359
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/10og8rop_1_1 RECID=44 STAMP=822374169
Deleted 22 objects
设定备份集的最大容量：
RMAN> backup database maxsetsize=100m;
Starting backup at 02-AUG-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of backup command at 08/02/2013 05:28:22
RMAN-06183: datafile or datafile copy /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8xm4839m_.dbf (file number 1) larger than MAXSETSIZE
RMAN> backup database maxsetsize=700m;
Starting backup at 02-AUG-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8xm4839m_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/13og8sgv_1_1 tag=TAG20130802T052903 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:47
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8xm483f7_.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_example_8xm4gzck_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_8xm483gd_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/14og8sm6_1_1 tag=TAG20130802T052903 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8xm483jk_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/15og8sn9_1_1 tag=TAG20130802T052903 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-AUG-13
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/16og8snb_1_1 tag=TAG20130802T052903 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 02-AUG-13
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
33 Full 597.17M DISK 00:02:40 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 47 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T052903
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/13og8sgv_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 33
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 1187116 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8xm4839m_.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
34 Full 435.30M DISK 00:00:35 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 48 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T052903
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/14og8sm6_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 34
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
2 Full 1187178 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8xm483f7_.dbf
3 Full 1187178 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_8xm483gd_.dbf
5 Full 1187178 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_example_8xm4gzck_.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
35 Full 6.30M DISK 00:00:01 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 49 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T052903
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/15og8sn9_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 35
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
4 Full 1187195 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8xm483jk_.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
36 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:03 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 50 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130802T052903
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/16og8snb_1_1
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 02-AUG-13
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1187195 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13
RMAN> exit
备份命令非常多，以上是一部分常用命令，如需了解更多备份方法和命令，请参照官网或者在博文下留言，我会陆续补充。
备份内容的状态信息查看，请参照：RMAN备份、恢复实验室 之 备份篇 【查看备份情况】
