国庆之前《数据结构》的陈老师布置了家庭作业：实现数据结构中的线性表。线性表是最常用的一种数据结构，几乎每个程序都会用到。但只是简单地把书上要求的线性表实现出来也没有多大劲。于是我想到了泛型(Generic Programing)编程，这样也许更有难度些，最主要的是更好玩，毕竟平日里自己很少在的工作中用到GP，毕竟写库的程序员也很少。
在给出源码之前，我想聊聊我们这学期的数据结构老师cy.或许是我们年纪相仿，所以很容易沟通。cy有勇气到在第一堂《数据结构》就把这门课放至它该有的位置。这着实让我佩服不已!能在第一堂课就把软件工程思想带到课堂上的老师，现在似乎也不多。很幸运我可以在学校遇到这样的好老师!
现给出顺序表的源码(Sequence List)：
//Platform: WinXp + VC6.0
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/*--------------------------
File name: SeqList.h
Created date: 10/11'07
Created by Jerry
Description:
GP实现的顺序表
---------------------------*/
#ifndef SEQLIST_H
#define SEQLIST_H
#define ERROR_ID 11111111
template<typename _MyT=int, int _Size=10>
class SeqList
{
public:
SeqList();
_MyT Get(int _pos);
int Length();
int Locate(int _elm);
_MyT Prior(_MyT _elm);
_MyT Next(_MyT _elm);
bool Empty();
void Clear();
void Insert(int _pos, _MyT _value);
void Delete(int _pos);
private:
_MyT buffer[_Size];
int lastIndex;
};
template<class _MyT, int _Size>
SeqList<_MyT,_Size>::SeqList()
{
lastIndex = -1;
}
template<class _MyT, int _Size>
bool SeqList<_MyT,_Size>::Empty()
{
if(lastIndex == -1)
return true;
else
return false;
}
template<class _MyT, int _Size>
void SeqList<_MyT,_Size>::Clear()
{
lastIndex = -1;
}
template<class _MyT, int _Size>
int SeqList<_MyT,_Size>::Length()
{
if(Empty())
return 0;
else
return lastIndex+1;
}
template<class _MyT, int _Size>
_MyT SeqList<_MyT,_Size>::Get(int _pos)
{
if(Empty())
return ERROR_ID;
if(_pos > 0 && _pos <= Length())
return buffer[_pos-1];
else
return ERROR_ID;
}
template<class _MyT, int _Size>
int SeqList<_MyT,_Size>::Locate(int _elm)
{
if(Empty())
return 0;
for(int i=0; i<=lastIndex; i++)
{
if(buffer[i] == _elm)
return i+1;
}
return 0;
}
template<class _MyT, int _Size>
_MyT SeqList<_MyT,_Size>::Prior(_MyT _elm)
{
//there isn't prior element if currect list's length less than 2
if(Length() <= 1)
return 0;
int pos = Locate(_elm);
if(pos > 1)
{
return buffer[pos-2]; //the index of _elm of pos-1,
} //therefore,pos-2 is the prior of _elm;
else
{
return 0;
}
}
template<class _MyT, int _Size>
_MyT SeqList<_MyT,_Size>::Next(_MyT _elm)
{
//there isn't next element if currect list's length less than 2
if(Length() <= 1)
return 0;
int pos = Locate(_elm);
if(pos != 0 && pos < Length())
return buffer[pos]; //the index of _elm of pos-1,therefore [index+1==pos]
else
return 0;
}
template<class _MyT, int _Size>
void SeqList<_MyT,_Size>::Insert(int _pos, _MyT _value) //(前插法)
{
//currect list is full?
if(Length() >= _Size)
{
cout<<"List is full, You couldn't insert anything!"<<endl;
return;
}
//Initail first element if currect list is empty.
if(Empty())
{
#ifdef _DEBUG
cout<<"Initial first element, value:"<<_value<<endl;
#endif
buffer[0] = _value;
lastIndex++;
return;
}
//Range check
if(_pos <= 0 || _pos > _Size)
{
cout<<"Overflow!"<<endl;
return;
}
if(_pos > lastIndex+1)
{
cout<<"Line list cann't fill by disorder!"<<endl;
return;
}
//Perform insert
if(1)
{
for(int i=lastIndex+1; i>=_pos ; i--)
{
buffer[i] = buffer[i-1];
}
buffer[_pos-1] = _value;
lastIndex++;
#ifdef _DEBUG
cout<<"Insert value:"<<_value
<<" before postion:"<<_pos<<" success!"<<endl;
#endif
}
}
template<class _MyT, int _Size>
void SeqList<_MyT,_Size>::Delete(int _pos)
{
//Current list is empty?
if(Empty())
{
cout<<"List is full! You couldn't delete anything!"<<endl;
return;
}
//Range check
if(_pos <= 0 || _pos > Length())
{
cout<<"There is no value in position of "<<_pos<<" ."<<endl;
return;
}
//
if(1)
{
#ifdef _DEBUG
cout<<"Delete value:"<<buffer[_pos-1]
<<" at postion:"<<_pos<<" success!"<<endl;
#endif
for(int i=_pos-1; i<=lastIndex-1; i++)
{
buffer[i] = buffer[i+1];
}
lastIndex--;
}
}
#endif
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使用时只要将SeqList.h头文件包含一下就可以了，示例：
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#include <iostream>
#include "SeqList.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
SeqList<int,10> seq;
seq.Insert(0,12);
seq.Insert(1,43);
seq.Insert(2,99);
cout<<seq.Get(1)<<endl;
cout<<seq.Get(2)<<endl;
cout<<seq.Get(3)<<endl;
seq.Delete(3);
seq.Insert(1,27);
cout<<seq.Get(1)<<endl;
cout<<seq.Get(2)<<endl;
cout<<seq.Get(3)<<endl;
return 0;
}
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其实GP写东西也挺好玩的，更容易让人看见编译时刻Compiler还可以做许多事情。也让我们更加佩服Compiler的实现者。只不过GP不是我最近学习的方向。如果一切正常我想等明年开春之后我会将GP部分再认真学习一下。
还有一个是链表，本来我是想用C来写得，但写着写着就又用到了C++的class。最终我造出一个怪物——一个混合了C和C++的链表(Link List)。首先这种编程体验就很不爽。在写代码时你就觉得[怪怪得...]。也觉得很別扭。这让我想起的Scott Meyers的《Effective C++ 3/e》的条款1：将C++视为一个语言联邦.
现在怪物要出来了(大家赶快躲啊.....
)：
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/*--------------------------
Notes:混合了C语言的struct和C++语言的class及封装，很不好的编程体验,I prefer c++ first.
--------------------------*/
#define DATA_NOT_FIND 0
#define ID_NOT_FIND 0
typedef struct node
{
int ID;
int data;
struct node *next;
}NODE;
class LinkList
{
public:
LinkList(){ pHead = 0; }
void Clear(){ pHead = 0; }
bool Empty(){ return pHead?false:true;}
void AddNode(NODE* pNode);
NODE* GetHead(){return pHead;}
NODE* Find(int _id); //retrieve data
NODE* Locate (int _data); //retrieve id
int Next(int _id); //retrieve next data from the position of _id
bool Insert(int _id, NODE* pNode); //insert _data behind _id
private:
NODE *pHead;
};
void LinkList::AddNode(NODE* pNode) //Add to the head of LinkList.
{
NODE* oldHead = pHead;
pHead = pNode;
pNode->next = oldHead;
}
NODE* LinkList::Find(int _id)
{
for(NODE* p = pHead; p != 0; p = p->next)
{
if(p->ID == _id)
return p;
}
return ID_NOT_FIND;
}
NODE* LinkList::Locate(int _data)
{
for(NODE* p = pHead; p != 0; p = p->next)
{
if(p->data == _data)
return p;
}
return DATA_NOT_FIND;
}
int LinkList::Next(int _id)
{
NODE *p = Find(_id);
if(p != ID_NOT_FIND)
return p->next->data;
else
return ID_NOT_FIND;
}
bool LinkList::Insert(int _id, NODE* pNode)
{
NODE *p = Find(_id);
if(p != ID_NOT_FIND)
{
NODE* pOldNode = p->next;
p->next = pNode;
pNode->next = pOldNode;
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
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再给出示例代码：
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#include <iostream>
#include "LinkList.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
NODE n1,n2,n3;
//first
n1.ID = 1;
n1.data = 123;
n1.next = 0;
//second
n2.ID = 2;
n2.data = 456;
n2.next = 0;
//third
n3.ID = 3;
n3.data = 789;
n3.next = 0;
LinkList linkList;
linkList.AddNode(&n1);
//add n2 to list and the position before n1
linkList.AddNode(&n2);
//add n3 behind node that id equal 2
linkList.Insert(2,&n3);
cout<<"The data:"<<linkList.Next(2)<<" behind the node that id equal 2"<<endl;
for(NODE* p = linkList.GetHead(); p != 0; p = p->next)
{
cout<<"ID = "<<p->ID<<" "
<<"Data= "<<p->data<<endl;
}
return 0;
}
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Jerry.Chow
10/12'07
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